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    Voluntary Guidelines for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Crop Wild Relatives and Wild Food Plants
    Voluntary Guidelines for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Crop Wild Relatives and Wild Food Plants
    Voluntary Guidelines for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Crop Wild Relatives and Wild Food Plants
    Ebook123 pages1 hour

    Voluntary Guidelines for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Crop Wild Relatives and Wild Food Plants

    By Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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    About this ebook

    Unfortunately, their natural wild habitats are increasingly under threat from both human activities and natural disasters. Habitat loss has a direct, negative impact on the diversity of these valuable resources. These guidelines, intended as reference materials for preparing a National Plan for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Crop Wild Relatives and Wild Food Plants, will contribute to stemming this continuing loss in diversity. The guidelines are therefore a useful tool for development practitioners, researchers, students and policy-makers who work on the conservation and sustainable use of these valuable resources.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Release dateFeb 6, 2018
    ISBN9789251302217
    Voluntary Guidelines for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Crop Wild Relatives and Wild Food Plants
    Author

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

    An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition.

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      Voluntary Guidelines for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Crop Wild Relatives and Wild Food Plants - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

      Increasing and evolving patterns of human food consumption, together with high rates of urbanization, pollution, unsustainable use of natural resources, spread of invasive species, displacement of local varieties and environmental changes are all threats to the world’s rich and highly adapted plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA). Despite the increased public, political and scientific interest in conserving plant genetic resources, many countries lag behind in protecting crop wild relatives (CWR) and wild food plants, especially in their natural environments where they would continue to evolve as they develop adaptive features in response to environmental impulses.

      To prevent the loss of CWR and wild food plant diversity and to maximize their availability, especially for crop improvement, there is an urgent need to ensure their appropriate conservation and sustainable use at the global, regional, national and local levels. This need has been recognized by international conventions and agreements, including the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)¹, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (International Treaty)² and the Second Global Plan of Action for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Second GPA)³. They each underline the commitment of governments to ensure that conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources continue to be a key element in the global efforts to alleviate poverty and increase food security and nutrition. They also highlight the need to develop and implement national strategies and action plans for PGRFA conservation and sustainable use.

      These guidelines are intended to be reference material for national governments in their activities toward conservation and sustainable use when preparing a National Plan for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Crop Wild Relatives and Wild Food Plants (National CWR Plan). The focus is on in situ conservation and fostering linkages between in and ex situ conservation, and ultimately toward the use of CWR and wild food plants. The precise process of preparing the National CWR Plan will depend on the national context, including the availability of baseline data, the existing policy framework and remit of the agencies that are responsible for formulating and implementing the National CWR Plan, as well as on the resources available for its implementation. Even so, the process will require a series of decisions and actions that essentially follow a similar pattern in all countries, including developing an effective consultation process, establishing a knowledge base, analysing conservation gaps, identifying priorities, and planning and implementing specific conservation actions.

      These voluntary guidelines were prepared at the request of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in response to the need to implement the conservation and sustainable use of CWR and wild food plants at country-level, and endorsed during its Sixteenth Regular Session in Rome, 30 January – 03 February 2017.

      The importance of crop wild relatives and wild food plants for food security and economic development

      CWR and wild food plants are wild species or subspecies closely related to crops that have potential to contribute beneficial traits to crops or that are gathered for food or feed. CWR and wild food plants are recognized as a vital component of agricultural biodiversity (agrobiodiversity). In general, CWR and wild food plants are genetically diverse, locally adapted and represent a potential source of genes and alleles for adapting crops to changing environmental conditions and human needs. The actual potential for a CWR and/or wild food plant to serve as a gene source for crop improvement depends on identifying their useful genes. In addition, it is necessary to determine the genetic relationship between the crop and its wild relatives. That relationship is unknown for many CWR×crop species combinations. In practice, an estimate of the numbers of CWR and wild food plants can be obtained by assuming that any species belonging to the same genus as a crop is a CWR. On that basis, it has been estimated that there are 50 000 to 60 000 CWR and wild food plants species

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