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    Rudolf I of Habsburg
    Rudolf I of Habsburg
    Rudolf I of Habsburg
    Ebook85 pages1 hour

    Rudolf I of Habsburg

    By William Coxe

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    The House of Austria owes its origin and power to Rudolf of Habsburg, son of Albert IV Count of Habsburg. The Austrian genealogists, who have taken indefatigable but ineffectual pains to trace his illustrious descent from the Romans, carry it with great probability to Ethico, duke of Alsace, in the seventh century, and unquestionably to Gun tram the Rich, count of Alsace and Brisgau, who flourished in the tenth.
    In the confused accounts of the times, and amidst the perpetual changes of property and dignities, it is difficult to trace with accuracy the titles and possessions of the immediate descendants of Guntram. His son Kanzeline seems to have been designated as count of Altenburgh, and to have resided in the midst of his domains, not far from Windisch, the site of the Roman colony Vindonissa. Radebot, a son of Kanzeline, was called count of Cleggow, and married Ida, daughter of Gerard, third count of Alsace, and duke of Loraine. Another son, Werner, became bishop of Strasburg, and on an eminence above Windisch, built the castle of Habsburg, which became the residence of the future counts, and gave a new title to the descendants of Guntram. Otho, the eldest son of Radebot, dying in 1046 without issue, Werner, the second son, is first distinguished in ancient records as count of Habsburg.
    The successors of Werner increased their family inheritance by marriages, donations from the emperors, and by becoming prefects, advocates, or administrators of the neighboring abbeys, towns, or districts, and his great grandson Albert III was possessor of no inconsiderable territories in Swabia, Alsace, and that part of Switzerland which is now called the Argau, and held the landgraviate of Upper Alsace.
    His son, Rudolf, received from the emperor, in addition to his paternal inheritance, the town and district of Lauffenburgh, an imperial city on the Rhine. He acquired also a considerable accession of territory by obtaining the advocacy of Uri, Schweitz, and Underwalden, whose natives laid the foundation of the Helvetic Confederacy, by their union against the oppressions of feudal tyranny. A dispute arising between the natives ofSchweitz and the abbot of Einsidlin, concerning the property of some Alpine forests and pastures, these sturdy mountaineers renewed their confederacy with Uri and Underwalden, resisted the mandates of the Emperor Henry V, who put them under the ban of the empire, and despised the excommunications of the Bishop of Constance. They chose for their prefect Count Ulric of Lentzburgh, who succeeded in reconciling them with the Emperor Frederic I, the founder of a new dynasty in the House of Swabia; and the Swiss warriors, flocking to the Imperial standard, performed essential services in the wars which he and his successors maintained against the popes and the adherents of the Roman See...
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherPerennial Press
    Release dateJan 8, 2016
    ISBN9781518364075
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      Book preview

      Rudolf I of Habsburg - William Coxe

      RUDOLF I OF HABSBURG

      William Coxe

      PERENNIAL PRESS

      Thank you for reading. If you enjoy this book, please leave a review.

      All rights reserved. Aside from brief quotations for media coverage and reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced or distributed in any form without the author’s permission. Thank you for supporting authors and a diverse, creative culture by purchasing this book and complying with copyright laws.

      Copyright © 2016 by William Coxe

      Published by Perennial Press

      Interior design by Pronoun

      Distribution by Pronoun

      ISBN: 9781518364075

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      1218—1273

      EARLY ACQUIREMENTS

      MARRIAGE

      HEADS THE SWISS

      MILITARY STRATAGEMS

      1273—1275

      RICHARD OF CORNWALL

      WERNER PROMOTES RODOLPH’S ELECTION.

      LETTER TO THE POPE.

      CONTUMACY OF OTTOCAR.

      1275—1286

      HENRY OF BAVARIA

      BATTLE OF THE MARCHFIELD

      DEFEAT AND DEATH OF OTTOCAR.

      HE CONFERS PROVINCES ON HIS SONS.

      1276—1291

      HIS VIGOROUS MEASURES

      DEATH OF RUDOLF

      2016

      1218—1273

      ~

      THE HOUSE OF AUSTRIA OWES its origin and power to Rudolf of Habsburg, son of Albert IV Count of Habsburg.

      The Austrian genealogists, who have taken indefatigable but ineffectual pains to trace his illustrious descent from the Romans, carry it with great probability to Ethico, duke of Alsace, in the seventh century, and unquestionably to Gun tram the Rich, count of Alsace and Brisgau, who flourished in the tenth.

      In the confused accounts of the times, and amidst the perpetual changes of property and dignities, it is difficult to trace with accuracy the titles and possessions of the immediate descendants of Guntram. His son Kanzeline seems to have been designated as count of Altenburgh, and to have resided in the midst of his domains, not far from Windisch, the site of the Roman colony Vindonissa. Radebot, a son of Kanzeline, was called count of Cleggow, and married Ida, daughter of Gerard, third count of Alsace, and duke of Loraine. Another son, Werner, became bishop of Strasburg, and on an eminence above Windisch, built the castle of Habsburg, which became the residence of the future counts, and gave a new title to the descendants of Guntram. Otho, the eldest son of Radebot, dying in 1046 without issue, Werner, the second son, is first distinguished in ancient records as count of Habsburg.

      The successors of Werner increased their family inheritance by marriages, donations from the emperors, and by becoming prefects, advocates, or administrators of the neighboring abbeys, towns, or districts, and his great grandson Albert III was possessor of no inconsiderable territories in Swabia, Alsace, and that part of Switzerland which is now called the Argau, and held the landgraviate of Upper Alsace.

      His son, Rudolf, received from the emperor, in addition to his paternal inheritance, the town and district of Lauffenburgh, an imperial city on the Rhine. He acquired also a considerable accession of territory by obtaining the advocacy of Uri, Schweitz, and Underwalden, whose natives laid the foundation of the Helvetic Confederacy, by their union against the oppressions of feudal tyranny. A dispute arising between the natives ofSchweitz and the abbot of Einsidlin, concerning the property of some Alpine forests and pastures, these sturdy mountaineers renewed their confederacy with Uri and Underwalden, resisted the mandates of the Emperor Henry V, who put them under the ban of the empire, and despised the excommunications of the Bishop of Constance. They chose for their prefect Count Ulric of Lentzburgh, who succeeded in reconciling them with the Emperor Frederic I, the founder of a new dynasty in the House of Swabia; and the Swiss warriors, flocking to the Imperial standard, performed essential services in the wars which he and his successors maintained against the popes and the adherents of the Roman See.

      After the death of Ulric the three cantons again renewed their confederacy, and the natives of Underwalden chose Rudolf for their advocate. But the count of Habsburg, instigated by views of aggrandizement, endeavoured to extend his authority and influence over the two other cantons. His plan was seconded by Otho of Brunswick, raised to the Imperial throne in opposition to the House of Swabia, and who, to secure his assistance, appointed him advocate of the three cantons. But the natives would not accept him in this capacity till he had solemnly engaged to maintain their rights and respect their independence; and when the House of Swabia gained the ascendant, Frederic II, in gratitude for their attachment and fidelity to his family, prevailed on Rudolf to resign the advocacy in exchange for the county of Rheinfelden.

      Rudolf dying in 1232, his two sons, Albert and Rudolf, divided their inheritance. Albert obtained the territories in Argau and Alsace, with the castle of Habsburg, and Rudolf the county of Cleggow, with the territories in the Brisgau, and the counties of Rheinfelden and Lauffenburgh, and fixing his residence at Lauffenburgh, became the founder of the line of Habsburg Lauffenburgh. Both brothers, during their lives, bore the title of Landgrave of Alsace; but, on the death of Rudolf, it was confined to the descendants of Albert.

      EARLY ACQUIREMENTS

      Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, espoused Hedwige, daughter of Ulric, Count of Kyburgh, Lentzburgh, and Baden, who was descended from the Dukes of Zaeringen, and allied to the Emperor Frederic II. He was not deficient in military prowess and talents: he first distinguished himself in petty contests with the neighboring barons, and afterwards followed the banners of Frederic II in the wars of Italy. He passed from this theatre of glory to another more distant and dangerous. The spirit of enthusiasm which had roused the powers of France and Italy to undertake a crusade against the Saracens, had spread into Germany; and many princes of the empire flocked at the head of their retainers to wrest the Holy Land from the domination of the infidels.

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