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    Cardiac Tamponade, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Cardiac Tamponade, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Cardiac Tamponade, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook92 pages49 minutes

    Cardiac Tamponade, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    This book describes Cardiac Tamponade, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
    Cardiac tamponade is a constant pressure on the heart that happens when too much blood or fluid collects in the space between the heart muscle and the outer covering sac of the heart.
    Cardiac tamponade is caused by the collection of blood, fluid, pus, clots, or gas in the pericardial space, resulting in decreased ventricular filling and subsequent hemodynamic compromise
    The fluid filled pericardial cavity prevents the heart ventricles from expanding fully reducing blood flow to the body.
    The heart may stop pumping and death occurs.
    Causes:
    Pericarditis
    Trauma and surgery
    Cancer of breast and lung
    Heart attack
    Symptoms:
    Cardiac tamponade may manifest with symptoms of fast breathing, breathing problems, anxiety, restlessness, fainting, chest pain, palpitations.
    Signs
    1.Distended neck veins,
    2.Hypotension,
    3.Tachycardia,
    4.Tachypnea and
    5.Hepatomegaly.
    6.Muffled heart sounds.
    7.Pericardial friction rub - evident in 50% but may be temporary.
    Diagnosis
    The diagnosis of Tamponade can often be difficult.
    It can be diagnosed radiographically, if time permits.
    The echocardiography often demonstrates an enlarged pericardium, and a chest x-ray of a large cardiac tamponade will indicate a large, globular heart.
    The medical acumen of the heart specialist plays a larger part than imaging.
    The echocardiogram is the test of choice to help confirm the diagnosis
    Coronary angiography may be done
    Pericardiocentesis; aspirate sent for culture and cytology.
    Pericardial biopsy: may sometimes be needed
    Treatment

    The treatment of cardiac tamponade involves both pre-hospital and hospital care.

    When the cardiac output is being affected, the peripheral tissues are being starved for oxygen.
    As a first aid treatment, oxygen can be given.
    Prompt diagnosis and treatment is the solution to survival with cardiac tamponade.
    In advanced locations, pre-hospital teams do pericardocentesis,to drain the fluid, which can be life saving.
    Cardiac tamponade is an emergency disorder that requires to be treated in the hospital.
    The fluid around the heart must be drained as quickly as possible.
    An intervention called pericardiocentesis that makes use of a needle to remove fluid from the tissue that surrounds the heart should be done.
    This requires the insertion of a needle through the skin and into the pericardium and through the chest wall, and aspirating fluid.
    Often, a cannula is left in place during resuscitation, after initial drainage so that the procedure can be done again if the need occurs.
    IV Fluids are given to keep blood pressure normal until the fluid can be drained from around the heart.
    Medicines that raise blood pressure may also help maintain the person alive until the fluid is drained.
    Oxygen may be given to help decrease the workload on the heart by decreasing tissue demands for blood flow.
    Pericardiocentesis (echocardiography-guided being the intervention of choice) is the definitive treatment but may be dangerous and not alleviate symptoms in cases of small effusions linked with constrictive pericarditis such as:
    a.Malignancy,
    b.Autoimmune conditions and
    c.Viral infection.
    Hospital Treatment:
    1.Oxygen
    2.Volume expansion to maintain adequate intravascular volume - small boluses work best
    3.Increase venous return: bed rest with leg elevation.
    4.Positive inotropic drugs: e.g., dobutamine.
    5.Positive-pressure mechanical ventilation should be avoided because it may reduce venous return.
    Pericardiodesis: for recurrent pericardial effusion or tamponade creates a pericardial window for a catheter to drain the pericardial fluid.
    Pericardio-peritoneal shunt: may help prevent recurrent tamponade

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Cardiac Tampo

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateApr 7, 2018
    ISBN9781370454280
    Cardiac Tamponade, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Cardiac Tamponade, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Cardiac Tamponade,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2018 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Cardiac Tamponade, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What The patient Need to Treat Cardiac Tamponade)

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Cardiac Tamponade

      What Is Cardiac Tamponade?

      Cardiac tamponade

      Cardiac tamponade is a constant pressure on the heart that happens when too much blood or fluid collects in the space between the heart muscle and the outer covering sac of the heart.

      Cardiac tamponade is caused by the collection of blood, fluid, pus, clots, or gas in the pericardial space, resulting in decreased ventricular filling and subsequent hemodynamic compromise.

      Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency.

      Incidence

      Cardiac tamponade is infrequent.

      The prevalence is 2 patients per 10,000 populations in the USA.

      Cardiac tamponade linked to trauma or HIV is more frequent in young adults

      Tamponade due to malignancy and chronic kidney injury happens more often in elderly people.

      What are the causes of Cardiac Tamponade?

      Causes

      Cardiac tamponade or pericardial tamponade is a life threatening emergency, where fluid (mostly blood) collects

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