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    Rembrandt (1606-1669)
    Rembrandt (1606-1669)
    Rembrandt (1606-1669)
    Ebook170 pages39 minutes

    Rembrandt (1606-1669)

    By Émile Michel

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    About this ebook

    As famous during his lifetime as after his death, Rembrandt (1606-1669) was oneof the greatest masters of the Dutch Golden Age of the 17th century. His portraitsnot only bring us back to that fascinating time, but also represent, above all, ahuman adventure; beneath every dab of paint the spirit of the model is hidden. Yet these portraits are only the tip of the Rembrandt iceberg, which consists of over 300canvasses, 350 engravings, and 2,000 drawings. Throughout his oeuvre, the influence of Flemish Realism is as powerful as that of Caravaggio. He applied this skillful fusion of styles to all his works, conferring biblical subjects and everyday themes alike with an unparalleled and intimate emotional power. Because of his empathy for the human condition, he has been called "one of the great prophets of civilization".
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherParkstone International
    Release dateApr 11, 2018
    ISBN9781783101511
    Rembrandt (1606-1669)

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      Book preview

      Rembrandt (1606-1669) - Émile Michel

      Self-Portrait at the Age of Thirty-Four, 1640

      Oil on canvas, 102 x 80 cm. The National Gallery, London.

      Biography

      1606: Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn was born on 15 July in Leyden.

      1613-1620: Attended the Latin School in Leyden.

      1621: Began an apprenticeship with Leyden-based painter Jacob van Swanenburgh.

      1625: Studied for six months under the artist Pieter Lastman in Amsterdam.

      Opened his own studio in Leyden and collaborated with his friend Jan Lievens.

      Started to produce etchings.

      1628: Rembrandt mentored his first pupils in his studio.

      1631: Met famous Amsterdam art dealer Hendrick van Uylenburgh.

      Moved to Amsterdam and became a successful portrait artist.

      1632: First group portrait: The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp.

      1634: Married Saskia van Uylenburgh, the niece of successful art dealer Hendrick van Uylenburgh, on 22 June.

      1635: Rembrandt and Saskia became parents to Rumbartus, who died after two months.

      1638: Rembrandt and Saskia became parents to Cornelia, who died after three weeks.

      1639: Rembrandt and Saskia purchased and moved into a house for 13,000 guilders on the Breestraat in Amsterdam.

      He was commissioned to paint what would be known as The Nightwatch.

      1640: Rembrandt and Saskia became parents to Cornelia, their second daughter, who died after one month.

      1641: Rembrandt and Saskia became parents to Titus, their only child to live to adulthood.

      1642: Completed The Nightwatch.

      The death of Saskia, attributed to tuberculosis.

      Geertje Dircx became the nursemaid of Titus and later Rembrandt’s mistress.

      1647: Hendrickje Stoffels entered Rembrandt’s household as a servant and became his new mistress.

      1654: Rembrandt and Hendrickje, now his common-law wife, became parents to a daughter, Cornelia.

      1656: The High Court of Holland declared Rembrandt bankrupt.

      1656-1658: The house on Breestraat and Rembrandt’s possessions were sold at a series of auctions.

      1660: Moved to a small house on the Rozengracht.

      Hendrickje and Titus became art dealers.

      1663: The death of Hendrickje.

      1668: The death of Titus.

      1669: Rembrandt died on 4 October. He was buried in the Westerkerk, in an unmarked grave.

      The Beginning of his Career

      His Education

      Rembrandt was born on 15 July 1606 in Leyden. No record of Rembrandt’s early youth has been discovered, but we may be sure that his religious instruction was the object of his mother’s special care, and that she strove to instil into her son the faith and moral principles that formed her own rule of life. The passages she read, the stories she recounted to him from her favourite book, made a deep and vivid impression on the child, and in later life he sought subjects for his works mainly in the sacred writings.

      Leyden offered few facilities for an art student during that period. Painting, after a brief spell of splendour and activity, gave way to science and letters. Rembrandt’s parents considered him too young to leave them, and decided that his apprenticeship should be passed in his native home. An intimacy of long standing, and perhaps some tie of kinship, determined their choice of master.

      They fixed upon an artist, Jacob van Swanenburch, now almost all but forgotten, though greatly esteemed by his contemporaries.

      Though Rembrandt could learn little beyond the first principles of his art from such a teacher, he was treated by Swanenburch with a kindness not always met with by such youthful probationers. During Rembrandt’s three years in his trust, his progress was such that all fellow-citizens interested in his future were amazed, and foresaw the glorious career that awaited him.

      His noviciate over, Rembrandt had nothing further to learn from Swanenburch. Now being old enough to leave his father’s house, his parents agreed that he should go forth and strengthen his skill in a more advanced art-centre. They chose Amsterdam and master Pieter Lastman, a very well-known painter at that time. In his studio, methods of instruction much akin to those adopted by Swanenburch were in vogue, though the personal talent modifying them was of a far higher order.

      The Stoning of Saint Stephen, 1625

      Oil on wood, 89.5 x 123.6 cm. Musée des Beaux-Arts, Lyon

      The Baptism of the Eunuch, 1626

      Oil on wood, 63.5 x 78 cm. Rijksmuseum Het Catharijneconvent, Utrecht

      Christ Driving the Moneychangers from the Temple, 1626

      Oil on wood, 43 x 32 cm. The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow

      Musical Allegory, 1626

      Oil on panel, 63.5 x 48 cm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

      First Works Done in Leyden

      The return of one so beloved by his family as Rembrandt was naturally hailed with joy in the home circle. But happy as he was to find himself thus

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