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    Inflamed Aorta, (Aortitis) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Inflamed Aorta, (Aortitis) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Inflamed Aorta, (Aortitis) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook85 pages1 hour

    Inflamed Aorta, (Aortitis) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    This book describes Aortitis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
    Aortitis is the all-encompassing term given to inflammation of the wall of the aorta.
    The most frequent causes of aortitis are:
    1.The large vessel vasculitides,
    2.Giant cell arteritis (GCA)
    3.Takayasu arteritis
    Infectious aortitis is a rare but possibly life-threatening disorder.
    It is also linked with several other rheumatologic diseases.
    In some cases, aortitis is an incidental finding at the time of histopathology examination after the surgery for aortic aneurysm.
    Causes
    This inflammation has a number of possible causes, such as trauma, viral or bacterial infections (notably, syphilis), and certain immune disorders and connective tissue diseases.
    Aortitis is most often seen in patients with autoimmune vasculitis (giant cell arteritis, Takayasu's arteritis), polymyalgia rheumatica, and rheumatoid arthritis.
    Symptoms
    The medical manifestation of aortitis ranges across a spectrum of symptoms and medical signs, ranging from back or abdominal pain with fever to acute severe aortic insufficiency to an incidentally-identified large thoracic aortic aneurysm.
    Acute aortic syndromes (aortic dissection and rupture) can occur in persons with aortitis.
    Inflammation-linked thrombus formation in the aortic lumen with peripheral embolization has also been documented.
    The underlying cause of the aortitis and its concomitant presentations determine the presenting symptoms.
    The site of aortic inflammation (e.g., ascending thoracic versus abdominal aorta) and the occurrence of coexisting arteritis in other blood vessels also determine medical manifestation.
    Because of the varied manifestation of aortitis, and the often non-specific nature of its symptoms and signs, the index of suspicion of the examining doctor must be high to form an accurate diagnosis in a timely manner
    1.Back or abdominal pain with fever
    2.Systemic inflammatory syndrome due to vasculitis
    3.Aneurysmal disease
    a.Thoracic aortic aneurysm
    b.Abdominal aortic aneurysm
    4.Cardiac abnormalities
    a.Aortic insufficiency (acute or chronic)
    b.Stable angina pectoris or acute coronary syndrome due to coronary involvement
    5.Aortic thrombosis with distal embolization
    6.Aortic dissection or rupture (rare)
    7.Upper and lower extremity claudication with pulse deficits
    8.Hypertension in a young patient (Takayasu arteritis)
    Diagnosis
    While the diagnosis of aortitis is suspected on the basis of medical manifestation, expedient imaging of the entire aorta with a proper method is important to establish the diagnosis.
    Modern imaging tools for the aorta are:
    1.Computed tomography angiography (CT),
    2.Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and
    3.Ultrasonography.
    4.Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning has emerged for targeted imaging of vascular inflammation
    Treatment
    The treatment of aortitis is dependent on the underlying disorder.
    Treatment involves:
    1.Stop the inflammation,
    2.Treat complications,
    3.Prevent and monitor for re-occurrence.
    Once the diagnosis of aortitis is done, the treatment is dependent upon the underlying cause.
    The purposes of treatment are both:
    1.The immediate treatment of aortic inflammation, or infection in rare cases, and
    2.Monitoring and treatment of aortic and arterial complications.
    Infectious causes often need urgent antibiotic treatment, while those linked with autoimmune vasculitides are normally treated with steroids.
    Methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and infliximab have shown promise for use in steroid-refractory patients
    Open aortic reconstructive surgery is generally the standard of treatment for aortic aneurysms associated with aortitis

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Aortitis
    Chapter 2 Causes
    Chapter 3 Symptoms
    Chapter 4 Diagnosis
    Cha

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateApr 16, 2018
    ISBN9781370550203
    Inflamed Aorta, (Aortitis) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Inflamed Aorta, (Aortitis) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Inflamed Aorta,

      (Aortitis)

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2018 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Aortitis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What The patient Need to Treat Aortitis)

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Inflamed Aorta (Aortitis)

      What is Inflamed Aorta (Aortitis)?

      Aortitis is the all-encompassing term given to inflammation of the wall of the aorta.

      The most frequent causes of aortitis are:

      1. The large vessel vasculitides,

      2. Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and

      3. Takayasu arteritis

      Infectious aortitis is a rare but possibly life-threatening disorder.

      Aortitis is also linked with several other rheumatologic diseases.

      In some cases, aortitis is an incidental finding at the time of histopathology examination after the surgery for aortic aneurysm.

      As the medical manifestation of aortitis is highly different, the cardiovascular doctor must have a high index of suspicion to form an accurate diagnosis of this disorder in a timely manner

      It is

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