Everand Logo

Welcome to Everand!

  • Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

    Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

    Unstable Angina, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Unstable Angina, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Unstable Angina, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook158 pages1 hour

    Unstable Angina, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

    ()

    Read preview

    About this ebook

    This book describes Unstable Angina,, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
    Unstable angina consists of the spectrum of medical presentations known collectively as acute coronary syndromes (ACS).
    The conventional term unstable angina was intended to signify the intermediate state between myocardial infarction (MI) and the more chronic state of stable angina.
    Angina Pectoris is an early warning sign of an ischemic heart disease.
    Angina happens when the blood supply of the heart is partially blocked either by narrowing of the blood vessel.
    The interplay between disrupted atherosclerotic plaque and overlaid thrombi is evident in many cases of unstable angina, with resulting hemodynamic deficit or micro-embolization.
    The disorder is different from stable angina, in which the normal underlying cause is a fixed coronary stenosis with compromised blood flow and slow, progressive plaque growth that permits potential development of collateral vessels.
    Stable angina is a progressive disorder with persistent development of atherosclerosis plague obstructing the blood vessel.
    Unstable angina happens when the hemodynamic relationship of atherosclerotic plague and micro-emboli interacts to alter the blood flow in the coronary blood vessels.
    Main types of Angina:
    1.Stable angina
    2.Unstable angina
    3.Variant angina
    4.Micro-vascular angina
    Causes
    Coronary artery disease due to atherosclerosis is the most frequent cause of unstable angina.
    Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fatty material, called plaque, along the walls of the arteries.
    This causes arteries to become narrowed and more inflexible.
    The narrowing can reduce blood flow to the heart, causing chest pain.
    Symptoms
    The patient may be forming unstable angina if the chest pain:
    1.Starts to feel different, is more severe or while the patient is at rest
    2.Lasts longer than 15 to 20 minutes
    3.Happens without cause
    4.Does not respond well to nitroglycerin
    5.Happens with a drop in blood pressure or shortness of breath
    Diagnosis
    The doctor may hear abnormal sounds, such as a heart murmur or irregular heartbeat
    1.Blood tests to indicate if the patient has heart tissue damage
    2.ECG
    The highest-risk ECG findings (ST-segment elevation)
    3.Echocardiography can give a quick evaluation of left ventricular function
    4.Stress tests
    5.Coronary angiography
    6.MRI of the Heart
    Treatment
    The patient may require checking into the hospital to get some rest, have more tests, and prevent complications.
    Blood thinners (anti-platelet drugs) are given to treat and prevent unstable angina.
    Medicines are aspirin and the drug clopidogrel or something similar (ticagrelor, prasugrel)
    During an unstable angina event:
    1.The patient may get heparin (or another blood thinner) and nitroglycerin (under the tongue or through an IV).
    2.Other treatments may be medicines to control blood pressure, anxiety, abnormal heart rhythms, and cholesterol (such as a statin drug).
    3.A procedure called angioplasty and stenting can often be performed to open a blocked or narrowed artery.
    Angioplasty is an intervention to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to the heart.
    A coronary artery stent is a tiny, metal mesh tube that opens up the wall inside a coronary artery.
    A stent is often positioned after angioplasty.
    It helps to prevent the artery from closing up again.
    A drug-eluting stent has medicine in it that helps to prevent the artery from closing over time.
    Surgical intervention in unstable angina may be:
    1.Cardiac catheterization
    2.Revascularization
    Heart bypass surgery may be done for some people based on
    a.Blocked arteries
    b.Number of arteries
    c.The severity of narrowing of the coronary arteries

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Unstable Angina
    Chapter 2 Causes
    Chapte

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateApr 30, 2018
    ISBN9780463889022
    Unstable Angina, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

    Read more from Kenneth Kee

    Related to Unstable Angina, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    Related ebooks

    Medical For You

    View More
    View More

    Related podcast episodes

    Related articles

    • Article

      How Old Is My Heart?

      Jun 23, 2019

      How Old Is My Heart?
      3 min read

    • Article

      Can This Man Cure Aids?

      Dec 2, 2016

      Can This Man Cure Aids?
      9 min read

    • Article

      Dr Gill

      Oct 12, 2022

      When comparing the incidence of dementia in 250,000 Danish people diagnosed with shingles to age-matched general population controls, researchers had expected to see an increase in dementia rates – perhaps from neuroinflammation, cerebral vasculopath

      3 min read

    • Article

      Your Health

      Jan 13, 2022

      With Regina Giblin, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation (BHF) Q I’ve just found out my seven-month-old daughter has a hole in her heart. Will she be able to live a normal life? Carolyn, St Albans A Some holes in the heart develop in

      2 min read

    • Article

      Keeping A Healthy Heart

      Dec 17, 2021

      Keeping A Healthy Heart
      4 min read

    • Article

      Coping with CARDIOMYOPATHY

      Aug 31, 2022

      In cardiomyopathy, heart muscles become stretched, thickened or stiff, affecting the heart’s ability to pump blood around the body. The abnormality isn’t directly caused by blocked coronary arteries, high blood pressure, valvular disease or congenita

      3 min read

    • Article

      The Doctor Is In

      Jul 19, 2022

      Q: I was diagnosed with heart failure two years ago. How should I expect my health to change? Will I wear my heart out if I exercise too much? Will it stop working if I exercise too little? I have spinal stenosis affecting my thighs, so walking is li

      1 min read

    • Article

      Ask The Expert

      Aug 3, 2023

      A An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a bulge in the aorta, the main blood vessel from the heart down to the abdomen. It can gradually enlarge, risking rupture and life-threatening bleeding. In England, ultrasound AAA screening is offered to men tu

      3 min read

    • Article

      Doctor Gill

      Mar 27, 2024

      Unsurprisingly, in a longitudinal investigation of 150,000 people on the Swedish diabetes register, those whose risk factors (blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, Hba1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and smoking) were at recommended levels, were

      4 min read

    • Article

      Health Now

      Jul 15, 2019

      A yawn could be more than just a sign of tiredness: it might be signalling something else, such as: If you’re a migraine-sufferer, keep track of how much you’re yawning. Yawns have been identified as an early warning sign of an impending attack, so i

      4 min read

    • Article

      Wear Your Heart On Your Sleeve

      Feb 5, 2024

      Wear Your Heart On Your Sleeve
      2 min read

    • Article

      Shock Treatment

      Feb 8, 2019

      Shock Treatment
      9 min read

    • Article

      DIABETES and HEART DISEASE

      Jun 15, 2022

      DIABETES and HEART DISEASE
      5 min read

    • Article

      Can A HEART Really Be BROKEN?

      Dec 29, 2022

      Can A HEART Really Be BROKEN?
      3 min read

    • Article

      Ask The Expert

      Dec 27, 2019

      QI have cancer and I’m being told I must ‘fight’ it. What does this even mean? A What it doesn’t mean is that whether you will recover is down to how hard you try. There’s little evidence that we can ‘beat’ cancer by force of will. If we’re in pai

      3 min read

    • Article

      Heart Care

      Nov 25, 2020

      Heart Care
      2 min read

    • Article

      Ask the Doctor

      Jul 16, 2020

      Ask the Doctor
      3 min read

    • Article

      Thawing Out That Frozen Shoulder

      Jun 5, 2020

      Thawing Out That Frozen Shoulder
      3 min read

    • Article

      ASK Dr Martin

      Dec 27, 2019

      ASK Dr Martin
      2 min read

    • Article

      25 Ways To Protect Your Heart Now

      Apr 7, 2021

      25 Ways To Protect Your Heart Now
      10 min read

    • Article

      Conquering Pain

      Aug 11, 2020

      Conquering Pain
      6 min read

    • Article

      Heart Smart at Every Age

      Feb 2, 2022

      Heart Smart at Every Age
      4 min read

    • Article

      Your HEALTH

      May 11, 2023

      Your HEALTH
      2 min read

    • Article

      Fatigue Can Wreck You

      Aug 17, 2023

      Fatigue Can Wreck You
      14 min read

    • Article

      Your HEALTH

      May 5, 2022

      Your HEALTH
      2 min read

    Related categories

    Reviews for Unstable Angina, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    0 ratings

    0 ratings0 reviews

    What did you think?

    Tap to rate

    Review must be at least 10 words

      Book preview

      Unstable Angina, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Unstable Angina,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2018 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Unstable Angina, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What The patient Need to Treat Unstable Angina,)

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Unstable Angina

      What is Unstable Angina?

      Unstable angina consists of the spectrum of medical presentations known collectively as acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

      The conventional term unstable angina was intended to signify the intermediate state between myocardial infarction (MI) and the more chronic state of stable angina.

      Angina Pectoris is an early warning sign of an ischemic heart disease.

      Angina happens when the blood supply of the heart is partially blocked either by narrowing of the blood vessel.

      1. It happens during exertion when the supply of the blood to the heart is insufficient to keep up with the raised demands of the heart muscles.

      It can also happen when anger or fear causes the heart muscles to pump faster to supply the body with oxygen.

      3. Stress can also induce spasm of the coronary arteries reducing oxygen to the heart tissues.

      4. Smoking can also constrict the blood arteries to the heart.

      Patients with angina have also been categorized by:

      1. Presentation,

      2. Diagnostic test results, o

      3. Course over time

      These categories are:

      1. New-onset angina,

      2. Accelerating angina,

      3. Rest angina,

      4. Early post-infarct angina, and

      5. Early post-revascularization angina.

      The interplay between disrupted atherosclerotic plaque and overlaid thrombi is evident in many cases of unstable angina, with resulting hemodynamic deficit or micro-embolization.

      The disorder is different from stable angina, in which the normal underlying cause is a fixed coronary stenosis with compromised blood flow and slow, progressive plaque growth that permits potential development of collateral vessels.

      Stable angina is a progressive disorder with persistent development of atherosclerosis plague obstructing the blood vessel.

      Unstable angina happens when the hemodynamic relationship of atherosclerotic plague and micro-emboli interacts to alter the blood flow in the coronary blood vessels.

      What are the main types of Angina pectoris?

      Main types of Angina:

      1. Stable angina

      Stable angina is the most frequent form of angina.

      It happens when the heart is pumping harder than usual.

      Stable angina has a normal pattern.

      If the patient has stable angina, the patient can find out its pattern and foretell when the pain will happen.

      The pain normally goes away a few minutes after the patient rests or takes the angina medicine.

      Stable angina is not a heart attack but it indicates that a heart attack is likely to happen in the future.

      Patients with stable angina normally know the level of exercise or stress that activates an attack.

      The patient should find out the duration of the attacks, if the attack is any different from previous ones, and whether medicine helps relieve the symptoms.

      Occasionally patterns alter—attacks happen more often, are longer, or occur without exercise.

      2. Unstable angina

      An alteration in the pattern of attacks may suggest unstable angina, and the patient should see a doctor as soon as he or she can.

      Unstable angina does not keep the pattern.

      Unstable angina may happen more often and be more serious than stable angina.

      Unstable angina also can happen with or without physical exertion, and rest or medicine may not alleviate the pain.

      Unstable angina has high risk of becoming IHD and needs emergency treatment.

      This form of angina is a symptom that a heart attack may come on soon.

      Patients who have new, increasing or persistent chest pain have a higher risk of heart attack, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) and even of sudden death.

      3. Variant angina

      Variant angina pectoris, or Prinzmetal's angina, is a rare form of angina induced by coronary spasm (vasospasm).

      The spasm transiently reduces the coronary artery flow, so the heart does not get adequate blood.

      It may happen in patients who also have a serious accumulation of fatty plaque (atherosclerosis) in at least one major blood vessel.

      Variant angina is not common.

      A spasm in a coronary artery produces this form of angina.

      Variant angina normally happens while the patient is at rest, and the pain can be severe.

      It normally happens between midnight and early morning.

      Medicine can alleviate this form of angina

      Unlike stable angina, variant angina normally happens during times of rest.

      These episodes, which may be very painful, tend to occur regularly at particular times of the day.

      4. Micro-vascular angina

      Micro-vascular angina is a form of angina where patients feel chest pain but do not appear to have an obstruction in a coronary artery.

      The pain in the chest occurs because the tiny blood vessels that feed the heart, arms, and legs are not working properly.

      Micro-vascular angina can be more serious and have a longer duration than other forms of angina.

      Medicine may not alleviate this form of angina.

      Normally, patients can handle this form

      Enjoying the preview?
      Page 1 of 1