Ocean: A Visual Miscellany
By Ricardo Henriques and André Letria
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About this ebook
Ricardo Henriques
Ricardo Henriques is a Portuguese writer who inherited the taste for drawing from his father and the joy of writing from his mother. He is the editor of two magazines, one for adults and another for children.
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Ocean - Ricardo Henriques
WHAT ARE THE MAJOR OCEANS?
Traditionally, the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic have been known as the four oceans. However, today the Southern, or Antarctic, is usually recognized as the fifth ocean. The Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian are known as the three major oceans.
PACIFIC OCEAN
The largest ocean basin is the Pacific. All of the world’s continents could fit into the Pacific basin. It covers more than 60 million square miles (155 million square kilometres) and holds more than half of the open water on earth.
The Pacific Ocean was named by Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan in 1520. Pacific means peaceful.
See the map above? Which sea is nearest to your home?
ATLANTIC OCEAN
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean basin in the world. Slightly more than half the size of the Pacific Ocean, it covers approximately 20 percent of the earth’s surface. The Atlantic Ocean is named after the Greek god Atlas. It plays an important role in controlling the earth’s climate.
INDIAN OCEAN
The Indian Ocean covers almost 20 percent of the earth’s total surface. It is the warmest ocean in the world, and because of this, it has a much more limited range of wildlife. But it does have many of the world’s most important ports and is very rich in minerals and oil. It also features an underwater microcontinent, called the Kerguelen Plateau.
SOUTHERN OCEAN
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, is the fourth largest ocean. In winter over half the Southern Ocean is covered with ice. Beneath the surface of the Antarctic ice, the water temperature can be as cold as 28° Fahrenheit (−2°