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NHibernate 4.x Cookbook - Second Edition
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About This Book
- Master the full range of NHibernate features through detailed example recipes that you can quickly apply to your own applications
- Reduce hours of application development time and get a better application architecture and improved performance
- Create, maintain, and update your database structure automatically with the help of NHibernate
This book is written for .NET developers who want to use NHibernate and those who want to deepen their knowledge of the platform. Examples are written in C# and XML. Some basic knowledge of SQL is assumed. If you build .NET applications that use relational databases, this book is for you.
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Reviews for NHibernate 4.x Cookbook - Second Edition
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NHibernate 4.x Cookbook - Second Edition - Jason Dentler
Table of Contents
NHibernate 4.x Cookbook Second Edition
Credits
About the Authors
About the Reviewer
www.PacktPub.com
eBooks, discount offers, and more
Why Subscribe?
Customer Feedback
Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Sections
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Downloading the example code
Downloading the color images of this book
Errata
Piracy
Questions
1. The Configuration and Schema
Introduction
Installing NHibernate
Getting ready
How to do it...
There's more…
Configuring NHibernate with hibernate.cfg.xml
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
NHibernate architecture
NHibernate properties
Dialects and drivers
See also
Configuring NHibernate with App.config or Web.config
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Configuring NHibernate with code
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more...
See also
Configuring NHibernate with Fluent NHibernate
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Configuring NHibernate logging
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Using logger to troubleshoot NHibernate
Using other log providers
See also
Generating the database
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Scripting the database
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
Updating the database
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
Using NHibernate schema tool
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
2. Models and Mappings
Mapping a class with XML
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
What happens to these mappings?
Surrogate keys and natural IDs
ID generator selection
See also
Creating class hierarchy mappings
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Table per class
Table per concrete class
See also
Creating class components
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
Mapping a one-to-many relationship
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Lazy loading collections
Lazy loading proxies
Collections
Bags
Lists
Sets
Map
See also
Mapping a many-to-many relationship
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Mapping collections of elements and components
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Setting up a base entity class
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Handling versioning and concurrency
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Mapping by code
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Mapping by convention
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Creating mappings fluently
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Bidirectional one-to-many class relationships
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Mapping enumerations
How to do it…
How it works…
Unnecessary updates
See also
Immutable entities
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
Mapping relations to non-primary keys
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Using lazy properties
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
Mapping joins
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Using calculated properties
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Using serializable values
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Dynamic components
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Mapping
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
3. Sessions and Transactions
Introduction
Setting up session-per-web request
Getting ready
Option 1: Using the companion library
Option 2: Manual setup
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Setting up session-per-presenter
How to do it…
How it works…
There's More…
See also
Creating a session ASP.NET MVC action filter
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
What about Web API?
There's more…
View models
See also
Creating a transaction ASP.NET MVC action filter
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Save entities to the database
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
Save
Update
SaveOrUpdate
Persist
Using different flush modes
Commit
Auto
Always
Never
Using session.Merge
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Using session.Refresh
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Handle concurrency using session.Lock
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
None
Read
Upgrade
UpgradeNoWait
There's more…
Using dictionaries as entities
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works…
There's more…
Partially dynamic
Using NHibernate with transaction scope
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
4. Queries
Introduction
Getting ready
Query entities by ID
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
Session.Get
Session.Load
The session cache jumps in
Using LINQ to NHibernate
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Using CriteriaQueries
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Using QueryOver
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Using QueryOver projections and aggregates
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Using the Hibernate Query Language
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Using native SQL
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
Eager loading with LINQ
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Limiting the result set doesn't work
Eager loading multiple collections should be avoided
Use batching as an alternative solution
See also
Eager loading with Criteria
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
Eager loading with QueryOver
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
Eager loading with HQL
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
Eager loading with SQL
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
Using named queries
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
Named SQL queries
There's more…
See also
Using detached queries
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Using HQL for bulk data changes
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Bulk inserts
See also
Filtering collections
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Using result transformers
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
DistinctRootEntity
AliasToEntityMap
PassThrough
RootEntity
ToList
AliasToBean
AliasToBeanConstructor
Creating your own transformer
Extra lazy collections
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
5. Improving Performance
Reducing application startup time
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Using MultiCriteria
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Using MultiQuery
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Using Futures
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Eager loading child collections
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Problem 1 – limiting the result set doesn't work
Problem 2 – only the queried class' properties can be eager loaded
Problem 3 – eager loading multiple collections should be avoided
There's more…
Criteria
QueryOver
See also
Using stateless sessions
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Using read-only entities
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Setting the session to be read-only
Setting a query to load entities as read-only
Making a specific entity read-only
There's more...
Use the second-level cache
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Entity cache
Query cache
Update timestamp cache
The rules
See also
Configuring the second-level cache with code
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more…
See also
Sharding databases for performance
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
6. Testing
Introduction
Using NHibernate Profiler
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Profiling NHibernate with Glimpse
Getting ready
How to do it...
How does it work...
See also
Fast testing with the SQLite in-memory database
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Preloading data with SQLite
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Using Fluent NHibernate persistence testing
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
Using the Ghostbusters test
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
7. Data Access Layer
Introduction
Transaction auto-wrapping for the data access layer
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Setting up an NHibernate repository
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Using named queries in the data access layer
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Using ICriteria in the data access layer
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Using paged queries in the data access layer
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Using LINQ specifications in the data access layer
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Specification composition
See also
8. Extending NHibernate
Introduction
Creating an encrypted string type
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Creating a money type
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Using well-known instance types
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Using dependency injection with entities
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Bland passwords need salt
See also
Creating an audit-event listener
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Creation and change stamping of entities
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Generating trigger-based auditing
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Implementing a soft-delete pattern
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Setting Microsoft SQL's Context_Info
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Using dynamic connection strings
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Using custom dialect functions
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Using custom functions in LINQ
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Extending the LINQ provider
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
9. NHibernate Contribution Projects
Introduction
Property validation with attributes
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Creating validator classes
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Setting up full-text searches
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Auditing data with Envers
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Using NHibernate Spatial
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Geography or geometry?
What's this SRID?
Spatial data types
Index
NHibernate 4.x Cookbook Second Edition
NHibernate 4.x Cookbook Second Edition
Copyright © 2017 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: October 2010
Second edition: January 2017
Production reference: 1200117
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
Livery Place
35 Livery Street
Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-78439-642-8
www.packtpub.com
Credits
Authors
Gunnar Liljas
Alexander Zaytsev
Jason Dentler
Reviewer
Amro El-Fakharany
Commissioning Editor
Dipika Gaonkar
Acquisition Editor
Prachi Bisht
Content Development Editor
Trusha Shriyan
Technical Editor
Varsha Shivhare
Copy Editor
Sneha Singh
Project Coordinator
Kinjal Bari
Proofreader
Safis Editing
Indexer
Rekha Nair
Graphics
Kirk D'Penha
Production Coordinator
Arvindkumar Gupta
Cover Work
Arvindkumar Gupta
About the Authors
Gunnar Liljas is a software architect with more than 20 years' experience in developing and designing web-based solutions. His focus has been on data-driven content publishing, not only for the Web, but also for automated and on-demand print publishing. Currently, he spends most of his waking hours at the Swedish CRM supplier Revide, where he uses tools such as NHibernate and Redis to create targeted emails, text messages, and campaign web sites based on massive data sources.
He's also one of the lead contributors to the NHibernate open source project.
In his spare time, Gunnar sings in two classical choirs and often performs with the renowned Norrköping Symphony Orchestra.
Alexander Zaytsev discovered his passion for IT when he was a small kid, and since then he has dedicated his life to becoming an excellent software developer. Alexander has many years' experience in the IT field, analyzing, designing, and developing .NET-based enterprise applications, using cutting-edge technologies. He works as an independent consultant in the .NET space, providing technical expertise to all kinds of software development companies. He is an active member of open source and local development communities, and writes a blog at http://alexzaytsev.me. He is one of the main contributors to the NHibernate project, and one of the few people who really know the NHibernate internals.
He is adept in Agile software development, and he believes that Agile practices such as test-driven development, pair programming, automated testing, continuous integration, and deployment are the keys to quality software.
He lives in Auckland with his wife, Olga, and son, Stepan. In his spare time, he loves spending time with his family, cycling, and doing coding just for fun.
Jason Dentler grew up in the small Texas town of Mission Valley. He started tinkering with computers as a kid in the late 1980s, and all these years later, he hasn't stopped. He's worked in a few different industries. Currently, he builds really awesome software in higher education. He's an Eagle Scout and a graduate of the University of Houston – Victoria.
I'd like to thank my family and friends for all their support, and especially my parents, who encouraged and tolerated my computer obsession all those years. Thanks, Mom & Dad. I love you.
About the Reviewer
Amro El-Fakharany has more than 15 years' experience as a software developer. Coming from an electrical engineering background, he has a passion for solving industrial problems, and maintaining and extending those solutions. In 2002, he established an engineering consultancy helping and providing solutions in the bulk-material-handling sector. He has been working with NHibernate since its early days and is also a contributor to the project.
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Preface
This book explains many features of NHibernate 4 in detail through example recipes that you can quickly apply to your applications. These recipes will take you from the absolute basics of NHibernate through its most advanced features and beyond, showing you how to take full advantage of each concept to quickly create amazing database applications.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, The Configuration and Schema, explains various methods for configuring NHibernate and generating your database.
Chapter 2, Models and Mappings, introduces mappings in both XML and code, and includes more advanced topics such as versioning and concurrency.
Chapter 3, Sessions and Transactions, covers several techniques for proper session and transaction management in your application, including distributed transactions.
Chapter 4, Queries, demonstrates a number of rich query APIs, including the LINQ provider and the QueryOver API.
Chapter 5, Improving Performance, lets you know how to reduce application startup time by using serialized configuration. We also dig deep into how caching and advanced querying techniques can improve the performance of your application.
Chapter 6, Testing, introduces some techniques you can apply to quickly test your NHibernate applications and includes an introduction to NHibernate Profiler.
Chapter 7, Data Access Layer, shows how to build a flexible, extensible data access layer based on NHibernate and its many query APIs.
Chapter 8, Extending NHibernate, shows a number of ways to customize and extend NHibernate to provide additional services such as audit logging and data encryption.
Chapter 9, NHibernate Contribution Projects, introduces several NHibernate Contribution projects, adding features such as caching, data validation, full text search, geospatial data, and horizontal partitioning of databases.
What you need for this book
To complete the recipes in this book, you'll need the following tools:
Windows 7 or later versions
Visual Studio 2015 or later versions
Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Express edition or later versions
Who this book is for
This book is written for .NET developers who want to use NHibernate and those who want to deepen their knowledge of the platform. Examples are written in C# and XML. Some basic knowledge of SQL is assumed. If you build .NET applications that use relational databases, this book is for you.
Sections
In this book, you will find several headings that appear frequently (Getting ready, How to do it, How it work, There's more, and See also).
To give clear instructions on how to complete a recipe, we use these sections as follows:
Getting ready
This section tells you what to expect in the recipe, and describes how to set up any software or any preliminary settings required for the recipe.
How to do it…
This section contains the steps required to follow the recipe.
How it works…
This section usually consists of a detailed explanation of what happened in the previous section.
There's more…
This section consists of additional information about the recipe in order to make the reader more knowledgeable about the recipe.
See also
This section provides helpful links to other useful information for the recipe.
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.
Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: Add a new folder named NamedQueries to the project.
A block of code is set as follows:
var sessionFactory = ProductModel
.CreateExampleSessionFactory(true);
var kernel = new StandardKernel();
kernel.Load(new NinjectBindings());
kernel.Bind
When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:
public class BooksController : Controller
{
[NHibernateSession]
public ActionResult Index()
{
var books = DataAccessLayer.GetBooks()
Any command-line input or output is written as follows:
Install-Package NHibernate -project SessionRecipes
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: Don't forget to set the Build action to Embedded Resource.
Note
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tip
Tips and tricks appear like this.
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Chapter 1. The Configuration and Schema
In this chapter, we will cover the following recipes:
Installing NHibernate
Configuring NHibernate with hibernate.cfg.xml
Configuring NHibernate with App.config or Web.config
Configuring NHibernate with code
Configuring NHibernate with Fluent NHibernate
Configuring NHibernate logging
Generating the database
Scripting the database
Updating the database
Using NHibernate schema tool
Introduction
NHibernate is a popular, mature, open source Object-Relational Mapper (ORM) based on Java's Hibernate project. ORMs, such as LINQ to SQL, Entity Framework, and NHibernate, translate between the database's relational model of tables, columns, and keys to the application's object model of classes and properties.
The NHibernate homepage, http://nhibernate.info, contains blog posts, the complete reference documentation, and a bug tracker. Support is available through the very active nhusers Google group at http://groups.google.com/group/nhusers. The NHibernate source code is hosted on GitHub at http://github.com/nhibernate/nhibernate-core. Precompiled binaries of NHibernate releases are also available on SourceForge and through NuGet at http://nuget.org/packages/NHibernate.
NHibernate provides an incredible number of configuration options and settings. The recipes in this chapter demonstrate several methods for configuring NHibernate and generating the necessary database schema.
Installing NHibernate
Before we begin, let's get our Visual Studio solution and database set up. The following information will get you up and started with NHibernate.
Getting ready
Install Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Express (or a newer version) on your PC, using the default settings.
Create a blank database named NHCookbook.
How to do it...
In Visual Studio, create a new C# class library project named Eg.Core with a directory for the solution named Cookbook.
Delete the Class1.cs file.
In the Solution Explorer, right click the References node in the Eg.Core project and select Manage NuGet Packages. In the top navigation of the now-opened NuGet Package Manager, make sure Browse is selected. Enter the word NHibernate in the search box and wait for the results to show up:
Select the NHibernate package in the search results and click Install. This will install NHibernate and all required dependencies.
Add a new class named TestClass, to the Eg.Core project:
public class TestClass
{
public virtual int Id { get; set; }
public virtual string Name { get; set; }
}
There's more…
Instead of using the graphical package manager, you can use the Package Manager Console. It provides a faster way to install or update NuGet packages. To open the Package Manager Console simply click Tools | NuGet Package Manager | Package Manager Console. In the opened window you can simply write the following:
Install-Package NHibernate -Project Eg.Core
This will produce the same effect as the main recipe.
Configuring NHibernate with hibernate.cfg.xml
NHibernate offers several methods for configuration and a number of configuration settings.
In this recipe, we will show you how to configure NHibernate using the hibernate.cfg.xml configuration file, with a minimal number of settings to get your application up and running quickly. The recipe also forms the base for several other recipes in this chapter.
Getting ready
Complete the steps from the Installing NHibernate recipe in this chapter.
Add a console application project to your solution called ConfigByXml.
Set it as the Startup project for your solution.
Install NHibernate to ConfigByXml project using the NuGet Package Manager Console.
In ConfigByXml, add a reference to the Eg.Core project.
How to do it...
Add an XML file named hibernate.cfg.xml with the following contents:
1.0 encoding=utf-8
?>
NHibernate.Dialect.MsSql2012Dialect, NHibernate
Server=.\SQLEXPRESS; Database=NHCookbook;
Trusted_Connection=SSPI
100
On the Solution Explorer tab, right-click on hibernate.cfg.xml and select Properties.
Change Copy to Output Directory property from Do not copy to Copy if newer.
Open Program.cs and add using NHibernate.Cfg; to the beginning of the file
Add the following code to the Main method:
var nhConfig = new Configuration().Configure();
var sessionFactory = nhConfig.BuildSessionFactory();
Console.WriteLine(NHibernate Configured!
);
Console.ReadKey();
Build and run your application. You will see the text NHibernateConfigured!
How it works...
The connection string we've defined points to the NHCookbook database running under the local Microsoft SQL Server.
Next, we define a few properties that tell NHibernate how to behave.
The dialect property specifies a dialect class that NHibernate uses to build
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