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    Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook75 pages39 minutes

    Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    This book describes Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
    Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is an endocrine disorder featured by gastrin-secreting tumors, which produce multiple, refractory and repeat peptic ulcers in the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum.
    There are two main types:
    1. Sporadic (isolated).
    2. ZES linked disorders with parathyroid and pituitary tumors as part of the genetic disorder multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).
    The tumor (gastrinoma) is normally in:
    1. The duodenum (60-65%) or
    2. The pancreas (30%).
    Rarely, gastrinomas happen in other abdominal sites (e.g., the stomach, liver, bile duct, ovary) and also extra-abdominal sites (e.g., the heart, lung - small cell lung cancer).
    Causes
    Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is produced by tumors.
    These tumors are most often present in the head of the pancreas and the upper small intestine.
    The tumors are termed gastrinomas
    Besides secreting high levels of gastrin, these tumors may secrete other hormones such as:
    1. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH),
    2. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).
    They can also form a range of peptides, such as:
    1. Insulin,
    2. Pancreatic polypeptide,
    3. Glucagons,
    4. Chromogranin A,
    5. Neuron-specific enolase, and
    6. The alpha and beta subunits of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG).
    High levels of gastrin produce formation of too much stomach acid.
    Symptoms
    1. Abdominal pain
    2. Diarrhea
    3. Vomiting blood
    Signs are ulcers in the stomach and small intestine.
    Diagnosis:
    It is very frequent for ZES to be treated early as a simple peptic ulcer.
    The combination with pain with diarrhea may indicate the diagnosis.
    Hyper-gastrinemia is described as fasting serum gastrin concentration >100 pg/ml and is seen often in medical disorders other than ZES such as:
    1. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or H2-receptor antagonist therapy,
    2. Post-vagotomy,
    3. Renal failure and
    4. Chronic atrophic gastritis.
    If ZES is confirmed, it is important to determine MEN1, and calcium, parathyroid hormone and prolactin levels should be evaluated.
    If the diagnosis is indicated, then more specific tests are needed - there is one algorithm from Liverpool:
    Assessment of fasting gastrin level - levels >1000 pg/ml with acidic gastric juice (pH200 pg/ml 15 minutes after the dose is administered.
    Treatment
    Medicines called proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, lansoprazole, and others) are given to decrease acid production by the stomach.
    This reduction of acid helps the ulcers in the stomach and small intestine to heal.
    In patients with liver metastases, surgery should be done followed by chemotherapy.

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
    Chapter 2 Causes
    Chapter 3 Symptoms
    Chapter 4 Diagnosis
    Chapter 5 Treatment
    Chapter 6 Prognosis
    Chapter 7 Barrett Esophagus
    Chapter 8 Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease
    Epilogue

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateJul 10, 2018
    ISBN9780463558362
    Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2018 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What The patient Need to Treat Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome)

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

      What is Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

      Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a medical disorder in which the body produces too much of the hormone gastrin.

      Very often, a small tumor (gastrinoma) in the

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