Thurgood Marshall: Perserverance for Justice
By Lisa Paddock and Carl Rollyson
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About this ebook
Perseverance is a quality that Thurgood had in abundance. The grandson of a freed slave and the son of a waiter and a schoolteacher, he managed to obtain an excellent education despite the racial segregation of the American school system. Early in his career as a champion of civil rights, he found it hard to make a living, and he endured not only legal setbacks but also threats on his life. Eventually, Thurgood achieved high office, but even as a Supreme Court justice he continued to fight for the rights of those whom society continued to regard as inferior: blacks, women, and poor people.
Lisa Paddock
Lisa Paddock is a freelance writer and editor. She is also coauthor (with Carl Rollyson) of Susan Sontag: The Making of an Icon, Revised and Updated, published by University Press of Mississippi.
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Thurgood Marshall - Lisa Paddock
Copyright © 2009 Carl Rollyson
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
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Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any Web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.
Originally published by Seven Locks Press
ISBN: 978-1-4401-1535-6 (sc)
ISBN: 978-1-4917-5018-6 (e)
iUniverse rev. date: 1/14/2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Timeline
Prologue: Perseverance
CHAPTER 1 A Legacy Of Resistance
CHAPTER 2 Learning The Law
CHAPTER 3 A Strategy For Desegregation
CHAPTER 4 Mr. Civil Rights
CHAPTER 5 Civil Rights And Uncle Sam
CHAPTER 6 Victory And Defeat
CHAPTER 7 Changes
CHAPTER 8 The Pinnacle
Summing Up A Life
Afterword To Parents
Bibliography
Glossary
TIMELINE
1908:
July 2: Thoroughgood (later changed to Thurgood) Marshall is born in Baltimore, Maryland.
1909:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (the NAACP
) is founded.
1914:
World War I begins; the United States issues a proclamation of its neutrality.
1917:
April 6: The United States declares war on Germany, entering World War I.
1918:
November 11: The signing of an armistice treaty ends World War I.
1925:
Thurgood enters Lincoln University in Chester, Pennsylvania, the nation’s oldest black college.
1928:
October 24: The stock market crashes on Black Thursday,
and the Great Depression sets in.
1929:
September 4: Thurgood marries Vivian Burey (Buster
).
1930:
Thurgood’s application to the all-white University of Maryland Law School is rejected.
Thurgood enters law school at the historically all-black Howard University in Washington, D.C.
1931:
Thurgood earns a job as an assistant in the law school library and begins his association with vice dean Charles H. Houston, professor William Hastie, and other lawyers associated with the NAACP.
1932:
President Franklin D. Roosevelt introduces the New Deal, a social and economic program intended to end the Great Depression.
1933:
Thurgood graduates from law school, passes the Maryland bar examination, and sets up his own law firm in Baltimore.
1934:
Thurgood becomes the attorney for the Baltimore chapter of the NAACP.
1935:
Thurgood moves to New York City to begin working full time as an NAACP lawyer.
1938:
Thurgood replaces Charles Houston as chief counsel of the NAACP.
1939:
September 1 - October 5: Germany invades Poland, beginning World War II.
October: Thurgood is appointed director of the NAACP’s Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc.
1941:
December 7: The Japanese attack the American Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, prompting the United States to enter W.W.II.
1945:
May 8: Germany surrenders.
September 2: After the U.S. drops two atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrenders, ending W.W. II.
1946:
March 5: