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    Muslim Rule in Spain, Muslim Rule in India, Memories of Two Failures.
    Muslim Rule in Spain, Muslim Rule in India, Memories of Two Failures.
    Muslim Rule in Spain, Muslim Rule in India, Memories of Two Failures.
    Ebook108 pages1 hour

    Muslim Rule in Spain, Muslim Rule in India, Memories of Two Failures.

    By Mohammad Abdulhai Qureshi

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    About this ebook

    The book finds answers to the long-asked questions, why there are practically no Muslims in Spain today and why India is not a Muslim country leading to the consequenses in Spain the West and in India , that may explain the present Muslim unrest in the world.

    A brief suvey of future of Islam to explain why in spite of many critics, Islam is the fastest growing religion of the world today.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherAuthorHouse UK
    Release dateMar 23, 2011
    ISBN9781456776152
    Muslim Rule in Spain, Muslim Rule in India, Memories of Two Failures.
    Author

    Mohammad Abdulhai Qureshi

    I was born in 1933 in British Indian state of Hyderabad Deccan. After graduation as doctor (M.B.B.S) from Osmania University, Hyderabad Deccan in 1955, I worked with Government of Hyderabad State, then migrated to Pakistan and worked with Government of Pakistan. In 1957 I moved to London U.K. and worked with British National Health Service . In 1976 I moved to Germany. After working as Civilian Physician with United States Army in Germany I worked with German National Medical Service as Gerneral Practitioner and Surgeon. Based on my work in endoscopy and laprocopy, I was granted Professorship in La Paz University in Bolivia. In 2003, I retired and live in London. U.K with my Pakistani wife, a lawyer son and the Pakistani daughter in law, also a lawyer. I am associated with Spain since 1962, when I bought holiday apartment in Marbella, and visited Spain once or twice a year by car driving through small villages of Spain knowing the people closely, when there were no motoways. In 2005 I lived in Dubai to explore the region where Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) lived and died, always travelling by car through small villages knowing the people closely. The purpose of writingt this book is to find the answers of two frequently asked questions: 1- Muslims ruled Spain for more than seven hundred years. Why there are practcally no Muslims in Spain today? 2- Wherever Muslims ruled, it is a Muslim country. Muslims Ruled India for 1100 years, why India is not a Muslim country? I tried to find some answers , that may not please everybody.

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      Book preview

      Muslim Rule in Spain, Muslim Rule in India, Memories of Two Failures. - Mohammad Abdulhai Qureshi

      Contents

      Introduction

      Muslim Rule in Spain

      Entry into Spain

      Period of Independent Umayyad Emirates

      The Period of the Spanish Caliphate

      Achievements of Muslim Rule

      Decline of Umayyad Rule

      The Party Kings

      Period of Anarchy

      Almoravid and Almohads

      Fall of Granada

      Exit of Muslims and Jews

      Failure

      Muslim Rule in India

      Entry into India

      Ghaznevids

      Ghourids

      Delhi Sultanate

      Nizam-ul-Mulk Asif Jah Dynasty

      Mughal Empire

      Misrepresentation of Islam

      Failure

      Consequences

      Spain

      India

      Future

      References

      About the Author

      Bismillah-ar-Rahman-ir-Rahim

      In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful

      Quran 1-1

      Introduction

      In 1962 I first visited Marbella in Spain, the then small seaside town with fishing traditions. I loved the roadside small canteens cooking lobsters in front of you served with free Spanish wine. Marbella was first founded by Romans and the name Marbil-la was given by Muslim rulers. Recent archaeological findings prove the prehistoric origin of the town. In the end, I loved this town so much that I purchased an apartment on instalments in the first multipurpose development in the town centre housing apartments, shops, swimming pool, gardens etc. In the beginning the apartment was rented to tourists but due to inadequate management the apartment was no longer suitable for tourists. I eventually used it for my own purpose and visited Marbella once or twice a year by car from London.

      In 1974 I allowed my Muslim friend in London to stay in my apartment on holidays. After he returned to London he remarked that Muslims ruled Spain for about 700 years and now there are no Muslims, why?. According to statistics produced by the World Bank in 2008 the population of Spain is approximately 45.5m of which 76% are Christians, 2.3% are Muslims and 0.1 % are Jews. Even in 2008 Muslims are the second largest community.

      As a practising doctor I was too busy even to think about it. I continued my trips to Spain from London by car. The journey those days was quite an adventure with no motorways, driving through the winding and twisting roads in the mountains especially under the vigilant eyes of Franco’s police. I loved the journey by car stopping at small villages, talking to the villagers in broken English and eating home-made Spanish cuisine. I loved travelling through the Andalusia countryside, witnessing their culture and way of life quite unaware of the fact that this is the influence of Muslim rule. Montgomery Watts described life in al-Andalus (as it was called in Muslim Spain) in his book ‘A History of Islamic Spain’ as ‘indeed a noble facet of the total experience of mankind’.

      In 2005 I lived in Dubai, mainly to explore the region and learn to know the people and their lifestyle, which also is part of the region where Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) lived and died. I travelled inside and outside the United Arab Emirates mostly by car. I passed through small villages in the region and observed their lifestyle. Some of the population lived probably the same way as they did 1500 years ago at the time of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH). Some rich Arabs as well as some very poor villagers became my friends. One of my Arab friends asked wherever Muslims ruled, it is now a Muslim country. Muslims ruled in India for hundreds of years. So why is India not a Muslim country now?. Again, according to World Bank statistics the population of India in 2008 was almost 1.2bn of which 81% are Hindus and 12% are Muslims. Now that I have retired from medical practice, I have the time to find answers to these questions on Muslim rule in Spain and India.

      Invasions into Spain and in India were both ordered by Caliph Waleed bin Abdul Malik of the Umayyad dynasty and at the same time in 711 AD. Tariq bin Zeyad in Spain and Mohammad bin Qasim in India carried out the mission successfully on the Caliph’s instructionars . Both these missions were carried out to capture territory and not in the interest of Islam. Invasion of Spain followed after the invitation of Spanish rebels who wanted to get rid of the ruling King and no arrangement was made to convey the teachings of Islam. The invasion of India was aimed to establish the route to ‘Silk Road’ and to punish the rebels from Iran hiding in the northern part of India. Mohamad bin Qasim achieved both these goals and in return he needed the help of Hindu and Budhist religeous leaders that made Bin Qasim to arrange stipends to these religeous leaders. This was against the teachings of Islam. Only a few years later Waheed bin Abdul Malik died and his brother Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik succeeded. Sulaiman on personal reasons considered Waheed bin Abdul Malik his enemy. Sulaiman regarded the followers of Caliph Waleed bin Abdul Malik also his enemies and considered them to be punished. Tariq bin Zeyad and Mohammad Bin Qasim even though were regarded heroes by most Muslims, Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik punished them and let them die in disgrace. This behaviour of the Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik divided Muslims.

      The Umayyads were also responsible for the brutal massacre of Imam Hussain and his family. The fanciful interpretation of the Holy Quran that followed, left Ummah deeply divided. The Holy Quran says ‘And verily this brotherhood of yours is a single brotherhood, and I am your Lord’ (Quran 21-92). The Ulema many times provided controversial interpretations of the Holy Quran and fatwas to please the Muslim and non-Muslim rulers that created numerous sects and divisions within Ummah. This process of Quranic interpretation to please the rulers, still continues even on the present days that manifests itself in the form of contradictory ideas of the Taliban and other Muslim groups. These groups are militant and and try to impose their ideals with violance even to the extent of killing other Muslims which is essentially non-Islamic. .

      Muslims are killing other Muslims and in doing so are breaking the ‘Laws of Constitution’ that was provided by Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) himself. These Laws are broken everywhere in the Muslim world at individual, community and international levels. This sad state of the Ummah today cannot be excused or forgiven.

      Some groups of Muslims hold Western countries responsible for this state of affairs and link this to the crusades, instead of making themselves true Muslims closer to the true values of Islam. The continued unlawful occupation of mosques and of Muslim heritage in Spain as well as continued attacks on Muslims and upon Islam by the West is regarded as provocation.

      This book attempts to persuade Muslims to forgive instead of trying to take revenge and show the true values and teachings of Islam, as Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) demonstrated on his triumphant entry into Makkah. The only way to win the world is to show the true values and teachings of Islam.

      I pray that Allah may guide Muslims to the right ways of Islam.

      Mohammad Abdulhai Qureshi

      London

      April 2012

      Muslim Rule in Spain

      711 to 1492 AD

      Entry into Spain

      Spain was ruled by the Romans for a period of five hundred years. The Romans named it Iberia. After the fall of the Roman Empire it became populated by a Germanic tribe called the Visigoths, who established a Visigoth Christian kingdom and ruled Spain for about two hundred years. Before Muslim rule, the Jewish community were mainly merchants and major contributors to the economy. Bishops dominated the Visigoth Christian regime and wanted to end the economy’s dependence on the Jewish community.

      The decree of the Council of Bishops in 693 and 694 AD declared all Jews slaves unless they became Christian (by being baptized). As such, this process of forced baptization was

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