Never to Die: A Historical Novel About Armenia and the Quest for Noah's Ark

Never to Die

A Historical Novel About

Armenia and the Quest for

Noah’s Ark

by

George Mouradian

© 2004 George Mouradian All Rights Reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.

First published by AuthorHouse 12/13/04

ISBN: 1-4208-0277-1 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-4634-7166-8 (ebk)

Never To Die is dedicated to the remembrance of two million Armenians who were massacred from the end of the 19th Century through World War I and its aftermath. The book is also dedicated to the offspring of the martyred who have managed to survive and immortalize the Armenian race.

Contents

Chapter l PREPARATION FOR ARARAT

Chapter 2 CIVILIZATION IN ARARAT

Chapter 3 ARRIVAL IN DOUGUBAYAZIT

Chapter 4 URARTU

Chapter 5 BASE CAMP I

Chapter 6 THE EMERGENCE OF A NATION

Chapter 7 THE GOLD COIN

Chapter 8 TIGRANES THE GREAT

Chapter 9 KHATCH KARS

Chapter 10 INTRODUCTION TO CHRISTIANITY

Chapter 11 A DIFFERENCE OF RELIGION

Chapter 12 CHRISTIANITY BECOMES THE STATE RELIGION

Chapter 13 THE FIRST PIECE

Chapter 14 INVENTION OF THE ARMENIAN ALPHABET

Chapter 15 RETURN TO DOGUBAYAZIT

Chapter 16 THE VARTANANTZ

Chapter 17 THE ARAB CAMP

Chapter 18 THE ARAB INVASIONS

AND THE BAGRATID DYNASTY

Chapter 19 MESSAGE FROM THE POPE

Chapter 20 THE RUBENID DYNASTY

AND THE ARMENIAN KINGDOM OF CILICIA

Chapter 21 DEATH IN DOGUBAYAZIT

Chapter 22 DARK AGES

Chapter 23 LETTER FROM A FRIEND

Chapter 24 DIASPORA

Chapter 25 THE MEANING OF A SYMBOL

Chapter 26 THE ARMENIAN QUESTION

AND FORMATION OF THE POLITICAL PARTIES

Chapter 27 A MATTER OF JUSTICE

Chapter 28 WORLD WAR I AND AFTERMATH

Chapter 29 VISIT TO SOVIET ARMENIA

Chapter 30 THE GREAT DISCOVERY

EPILOGUE

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Also by George Mouradian

Armenian InfoText, a mini-encyclopedia

Handbook of QS-9000 Tooling and Equipment Certification

The Quality Revolution: A History of the Quality Movement

Chapter l

PREPARATION FOR ARARAT

And God remembered Noah, and every living thing, and all the cattle that was with him in the ark: and God made a wind to pass over the earth, and waters asswaged; The fountains also of the deep and the windows of the heaven were stopped, and the rain from heavens was restrained; And the waters receded from off the earth continually: and after the end of the hundred and fifty days the waters were abated; And the ark rested in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, upon the mountains of Ararat.

Genesis 8: 1-4

Jean Claude Charboneau must have read the passage over a hundred times, but he was always searching for some hidden meaning. Was there a secret in the biblical lines? Was there a clue that would give him a deeper understanding as to the whereabouts of Noah’s Ark?

Jean Claude was running into problems. The Frenchman wanted desperately to head an expedition to Mount Ararat this coming spring. For two years since 1966 he had been working with the French National Society of Archaeologists, and it was just recently they accepted the sponsorship of the trip. Still the Turkish government had reservations about allowing the journey. Officially, the French government would not interfere, but Charboneau was making every attempt to persuade the French Foreign Ministry to influence Turkish approval. The Turks to date had not yet approved the trip. Still, they had not disapproved the expedition either. Charboneau was well aware that the Turkish government had already refused several American requests. He was confident that his Frenchman heritage coupled together French sponsorship could only help in the matter. Turkey and France have been on friendly relations for years, with both countries having had many successful cooperative ventures. Charboneau considered this fact a substantial asset, but why were the Turks procrastinating?

Charboneau was well aware that the Soviets were fearful of spying, and border reconnaissances may be true in some cases. He was sure the accusations were probably ridiculous, but nevertheless that did not help in getting his approval. Today’s interview with Pierre should bring me up date as to what is going on, he thought to himself. Pierre Clemente who was in the Foreign Ministry was a close friend of Charboneau. Pierre had assured the explorer that the expedition would be approved except that it was going to take some time.

Take some time? Charboneau questioned. It is January already, and I still don’t know if I’ll be able to go this spring.

Jean Claude, you know I have been continually working with the Turks. They have given me some assurances that things will soon fall into place. You know we have to be patient.

Charboneau and his wife, Michelle, had both already received leaves of absence approvals from the university. Operating on the assumption that the trip was going to be authorized, they had many matters to attend to.

The Frenchman was well aware of the arguments against the expedition for finding Noah’s Ark. Still he was hoping with all his heart that the trip would be permitted. Charboneau was well aware that scholars and religious authorities have been arguing for years about the possible location of the ark. No one to date had foolproof evidence of its existence. Many professed that the ark was not even located on Mount Ararat. The Bible says, the mountains of Ararat. Could that mean on any of the mountains in the area? But regardless of what others thought and said, Charboneau was determined to make the trip.

Jean Claude was one of the leading professors of archaeology at the University of Paris. Michelle taught interpretations of the Bible and religious classes. He and his wife of eighteen years had already made several trips to the Holy Land and had written several papers on their findings. The Frenchman was in his late forties, but a picture of health and vigor. He still was an active soccer player when he could find the time. His stocky build and tall frame did not slow down his game. Both he and his wife made frequent back packing trips into the mountainous regions of Europe. In their journeys to the Middle East they were continually looking for archaeological finds. Jean Claude’s primary objective during these trips was to look for any evidence that would substantiate the words of the Holy Scriptures.

Jean Claude was scheduled to visit the Foreign Ministry, then he had an appointment to interview an Azad Zerouni from America. Azad was one of the potential candidates for the expedition. The Frenchman, who already conducted several interviews, was planning to talk to a few more men before he made his selection. Azad’s resume indicated that he might be an exceptional addition to the team. Still, there was always the question of personality and how a potential candidate would fit into the group dynamic.

The Turkish government had already indicated that if they grant Charboneau an approval he would have to keep his party small. He would also have to include several Turks as members. Initially, Charboneau was displeased with the caveat. Although if they had a wide range of knowledge, he thought that they could help out in several ways.

Michelle Charboneau was a vivacious woman who was just past forty although she looked much younger. She also was a bundle of energy, accompanying her husband on all his trips and enjoying every minute of the work. Both she and her husband were devout Catholics. However, she was not too sure whether he was first a believing Christian or a high-quality scientist. Jean Claude was interested in the doctrines of the Catholic Church. Nonetheless he was constantly searching for ways to prove the word the Bible. It was not enough for him to accept the text of the Bible on faith alone. If Michelle and her husband had any arguments at all, most of them concerned his belief and verification of the scriptures. Sometimes in his discussions with his parish priest, Charboneau felt he was viewed as an atheist. The priest never accused him of that because he was certain the archaeologist was a true believer of God.

With regard to the religious aspects of the expedition, Charboneau had heard rumors to the effect that the Vatican was unhappy with his quest to find the ark. As far as the Frenchman could determine, he could find no evidence as to the source of validity of the rumor. Charboneau thought that maybe the Vatican wanted the story of Noah and the Ark to remain as it was written in the Bible and that they were afraid of what would be found on Ararat. Charboneau did not quite understand the Vatican’s philosophy. Most archaeologists believe that the finding of ancient relics contributes to a better perception of the Bible. Why would the Vatican object to that?

There was no doubt in Michelle’s mind whether she was a scientist or a Christian first. The Frenchwoman was a true believer. Her whole life was dedicated to the study of the Bible and Christian heritages. Fortunately, she got along with Jean Claude regarding religious matters even though they would have an occasional disagreement. Michelle was a headstrong woman, yet tolerant to other’s concerns and ideas.

Charboneau found himself day dreaming about religious problems, a happy marriage, and passages from the Bible. He had much to do today. He certainly would not finish unless he started moving. He had to get ready to visit the ministry and meet the Turkish diplomat who would be there. When he arrived, Pierre had invited a Turk named Mohammed Bey to the meeting. After the initial introductions and courtesies, the scientist asked his friend, How are things going?

Pierre replied, That’s why I invited M. Bey here today. I think he can inform you better than I can.

The Turk proceeded to explain what his government was doing with the application. Not only are we concerned with the numbers of requests from organizations all over the world, we are also worried about the political implications from the Russians. What we Turks do in our territory is our concern, but we still have to consider the grumblings from the Soviets. You understand of course, that Mount Ararat is only about fifteen miles from the Soviet Armenia border. The Russians are often suspicious that these foreign expeditions have some covert intentions.

M. Bey, I assure you we have absolutely no intention of spying, Jean Claude chimed in. I swear to you we are only trying to find Noah’s Ark.

M. Charboneau, I understand. However, I don’t know if our Soviet counterparts will understand, the diplomat replied.

Mohammed Bey was not discouraging. The party, you understand must be small and that several Turks will also be with you.

Charboneau was hardly in a position to bargain. If he were given permission to make the trip alone he would start off on the first warm day. Of course he knew the thought was ridiculous because a trip of this type was almost impossible with just one man. When the Frenchman returned to reality he thought, If it was up to Mohammed I think he would give me permission today. But he kept the thought to himself, because he realized that there were many other Turks in Ankara and Istanbul that were probably a part of the decision making process.

Charboneau left the meeting on a friendly note. He excused himself and hurried back to the university to meet who he hoped was a viable candidate. Azad was recommended by one of Charboneau’s older graduate students who worked part-time at one of the Paris electronics firms. Azad made frequent trips between his company in Massachusetts and several companies in France. Jean Claude told his student he would like to meet the American.

Azad was already sitting in the university office when the scientist arrived. I’m sorry I’m a little late, but we had some interesting discussions at the ministry, Jean Claude explained.

No problem M. Charboneau, I found a couple of interesting magazines I was looking at, Azad answered.

Would you be more comfortable speaking in French or in English? Jean Claude asked.

It really doesn’t make any difference. I’ve got a pretty good handle on both languages, Azad answered in French. The American was twenty-six years of age, single, and doing some part-time graduate work in archaeology.

Who are you working for now? How often do you go back and forth to France? Charboneau asked.

I’m currently employed by Anderson Electronics in Watertown, Massachusetts as an electronics engineer. I go back and forth to Paris at least once a month. I’ve been doing this for almost a year.

"What kind of work do you do?

I currently am working on a marine detection device that is capable of finding special objects underwater. The work initially started as submarine sonar equipment, then later developed into peacetime applications for finding sunken ships and treasures. The French have been doing a lot of work in undersea exploration and they heard that Anderson Electronics was a leader in this industry. We’ve been doing a lot of work on detection devices with several French firms for the last couple of years.

Charboneau’s ears perked up when Azad mentioned electronic equipment being used to find sunken ships. His mind went into a frenzy, An electronic device to find Noah’s Ark. Why not? There is nothing like it now that I know of, but anything is possible in this day and age. He looked Azad in the eye, Do you think Anderson Electronics could make an instrument that could detect a wooden object that is buried under hundreds of feet of glacial ice?

The American thought for a few seconds, I’m pretty sure something like that would be possible. I guess you would want the device to penetrate through the ice and identify an article that is different than the material that surrounds it. I don’t know of an instrument like that now, but I’m sure we could design something like it.

How long would it take to come up with the device? Charboneau asked.

Azad again thought for a few seconds, There are several similar instruments that do that sort of thing, so I’m sure we could come up with something in a few months or so.

A few months? Charboneau’s mind put aside his personal questions to the engineer. Can you come up with an instrument in three months?

Three months is a pretty short time for a development program, but we have the technology at Anderson where I think we could come close to that. I’ll have to talk to Mr. Anderson to see what kind of priority we could put on the project Azad replied.

You know if you could do it in three months, that would be great. As soon as you return to America please give me a call on whether you can do it and how much it will cost. At this point Charboneau would pay just about anything if he could get an instrument that could detect the ark under tons of ice.

Azad hesitated for a while then asked, What do you think the Turks would think about a device like you want?

Oh my God, I didn’t even think about that! The scientist was so engrossed with the idea of the detection device, he had not given that question any thought. You’re right Azad, this is something we have to think about. If I tell them I am going to take an electronic instrument on our trip, I don’t know what they’ll say. You know the Russians might even make a big deal out of something like this too. I have to think about this for a while. But you could do something in three months though?

M. Charboneau, please don’t hold me to the three months. I said I would have to talk to Mr. Anderson to see what we could do. Technically, I don’t think there would be a problem, but he will have to make the final decision. Azad could sense a potential contract for making the device, but he still did not know if he was going to be a member of the team.

Charboneau’s mind was still on the electronic device as he proceeded to ask Azad more questions. The Frenchman found out Azad was an avid camper and skier, and that he used to be especially active in the Boy Scout movement. The fact that he was an Eagle Scout impressed the scientist, because he was well aware how much effort his own nephew expended as a French Scout.

Why do you want to be a member of this expedition? Charboneau asked.

Well, to make a long story short, I was very active in the Armenian Church when I was younger. I served as an altar boy, then later a junior deacon. By the time I was a sophomore in college I was ordained a deacon. You know when we talk about Noah, we often think about him as the forerunner of the Armenians, because Mount Ararat is the symbol of Armenia and we think of the mountain as a part of our culture. There is no question that I would love to be a part of a team that looks for Noah’s Ark.

You’re an Armenian? I did not detect that in you last name. I thought all Armenian last names ended in an ‘ian’? To tell you the truth I thought you were Italian.

Azad smiled a little, You’re right about the ‘ian,’ but there are a few of us who don’t have the ‘ian,’ but I’m still 100% Armenian ancestry.

Can you read and write Armenian? Charboneau asked.

Oh yes, we spoke the language at home, and I actually graduated from our local Armenian school that the Armenian Relief Society had set up in our community. Then I took some undergraduate classes at Harvard where we have a special chair for Armenian studies. We also learned a lot of history that is tied in very closely with the Armenian Church.

Charboneau wanted to talk to Azad a little longer, but he had a class to attend. Just as he was excusing himself, Mme. Charboneau walked by the office. Oh Michelle, do you have a minute? I’d like you to talk to Mr. Zerouni if you can? Jean Claude called out.

Mme. Charboneau entered the room where introductions were made. Yes, I have a few minutes, my next class is not until 3:00 PM, so I would love to talk to Mr. Zerouni.

Jean Claude hurried off as Azad and Michelle initiated some small talk. It did not take long for her to ask, Why are you interested in becoming a member of our team?

Azad made similar remarks that he presented to Jean Claude. He followed up with, I guess it’s kind of like the fact that I’m Armenian, and that I have a strong Armenian Church religious background, and I’m a little bit of an archaeologist. I told your husband I would love to be a part of your team. I also think I can be a lot of help in what you’re trying to accomplish.

Where you born in Armenia? Michelle asked.

Oh no, I was born right there in Watertown, Massachusetts, but our community is like a little Armenia. We have Armenian restaurants, bakeries, grocery stores, and big storefront signs in Armenian. There is even talk about making an Armenian museum in the town.

As the two talked Azad started asking her questions also. Can you tell me why you and Jean Claude want to do this trip? I’m sure it’s costing a bundle of money, and it certainly will be taking a lot of your time. And I suspect there even might be some dangers we may see on the mountain.

This is something Jean Claude has been wanting to do for years. He was able to convince the university it would be beneficial to the school and was able to obtain sponsorship from the French Archaeological Society. The university in the past has been very generous to us for these trips. We have been able to reciprocate with reports and articles that brought some measure of prestige to the school. Even before we got married I knew Jean Claude was interested in archaeology. When he told me he wanted to seek out religious artifacts, I think that’s when I fell in love with him. So here we are trying to move things along.

As Michelle was explaining the rationale for the trip, he was thinking to himself, She’s a pretty good looking lady, even though she is probably over forty. Michelle in fact was an extraordinarily good-looking woman. She was about four inches shorter than her husband and had strawberry blond hair. Aside from being extremely attractive, Azad thought that the French couple made an exceptional team. Jean Claude with his scientific curiosity and analytical thinking, and Michelle with her knowledge of the Bible and religion resulted in a splendid combination.

When Jean Claude returned from his teaching assignment, he was pleased to see Azad was still in the office. You know it is terrible, but all though my class all I could think of was the detector.

What detector? What are you talking about? Michelle asked her husband.

Oh, it’s a device Azad and I were discussing earlier. You mean he didn’t mention it to you? Jean Claude responded.

No I guess we didn’t say anything about it. She asked me a lot of questions on my background, but I didn’t say anything about the electronic instrument that could detect the ark, Azad answered.

Michelle was a little surprised, You mean we are going to take a black box with us on our trip? I hope we’ll be able to get a special visa for it from the Turkish government? Both men smiled at her remark, but realized the seriousness of her apparent joke.

Azad and I discussed some of the ramifications of the device, and he said he would get back with me as soon as he discusses the project with his boss, Jean Claude remarked as Azad nodded with approval.

After Azad left, Jean Claude told his wife, I think we have picked the next member of our team.

Is it Azad?

Can you think of anyone better? The man is an enthusiastic outdoors man, he’s an engineer, and he sure looks like he is easy to get along with, Jean Claude answered looking at her for her reply.

Oh, I was quite impressed with him. He sure sounded like he had a good educational background and seemed quite knowledgeable. And I noticed that he was very nice looking.

Michelle, I’m not interested in nice looking men. Do you think he would make a good member of our team?

From my interview with him, I think he would fit in rather nicely.

Good, I think I’ll cancel the other two interviews I had scheduled for tomorrow.

One week after his meeting with Azad, Charboneau received a cable from Anderson Electronics. It quoted price, specifications, and delivery date as per the discussion he had with the American. The scientist wired back within an hour stating that the terms were acceptable and that Anderson should start immediately to develop and manufacture the device. At the same time he sent a message to Azad’s home stating that he would like him to be a member of his team. The wire also stated that he would telephone him tomorrow evening at his home.

Charboneau was bubbling over with excitement, although he did not show it. His scientific mind demonstrated an outward coolness and restraint, yet inside he was hoping that everything would fit into its proper place. Yesterday when he talked to Pierre, the diplomat told him that the Turkish government still had not made a decision one way or the other. Charboneau was confident that the expedition would be approved, although he was not sure under what terms. The one thing that was concerning him was what the Turks and Russians thought he would be doing with the sonar equipment. He concluded that he had to come up with some simple and nonthreatening clarification of the device. It was not going to be easy explaining a sonar and electronic instrument to everyone’s satisfaction. Charboneau realized that most people are usually suspicious of things they do not understand.

On March 12, 1968, Charboneau received an invitation from Mohammed Bey to visit Ankara. The letter requested that the Frenchman be present in the Turkish capital on March 17, 1968. The expedition was only referenced. Nothing was said about whether permission was granted or not.

In Ankara Charboneau was accorded a friendly reception. The meeting was attended by Mohammed Bey, accompanied by ten other Turkish officials. Two were Turkish Army officers. After courteous greetings and small talk, Mohammed explained, Jean Claude you know we’ve had several expeditions of this type in the last few years and none of them have proven the presence of Noah’s Ark. Many of the explorers have claimed they found the ark, but we have not seen any positive identification. Yes, they have shown us photos and pieces of wood, but nothing that fully justified an unquestionable finding. In the past we had many obstacles.

The Frenchman was going to ask, What kind of obstacles? But he kept the thought to himself.

Mohammed continued on for about an hour explaining the problems with previous expeditions and how much trouble they had encountered. Charboneau nodded occasionally, smiling once in while, but taking it all in. Finally, Mohammed said, There are several conditions that you will have to accept, if we allow this trip.

By all means please let me know what they are.

Mohammed summarized the conditions for the scientist.

1. The expedition requires more than just looking for Noah’s Ark. It should also include a special survey on the biological and physical features of Mount Ararat. Detailed reports are to be submitted to Ankara on a weekly basis and be summarized at end of the trip into a scientific comprehensive report.

2. The team is to be limited to M. and Mme. Charboneau and only one other assistant of his choice.

Charboneau, wanted to say something, but Mohammed raised his hand like a policeman stopping traffic, stating, Please let me continue on and we’ll discuss these when I finish.

3. The Turkish government would appoint two additional members to the team. These men will assist as much as possible. However, they will also have designated responsibilities to perform for their government.

The Frenchman again stirred in his chair, but the Turk only nodded to him this time.

4. Charboneau was to inspect, verify, and correct survey maps of the area that the Turks were to supply.

5. The expedition is to start as soon as possible and continue through the summer and into part of the fall. The Turkish government would underwrite part of the expedition’s cost.

6. Charboneau was not to deface or excavate any artifacts unless he had specific written permission from the Turkish government. Mohammed gave Charboneau a nod indicating he was complete with the summary.

The scientist was stirring with emotion, but as usual he did not show it. I’d like to take the conditions one at a time, if I may?

Of course, please go ahead, Mohammed responded.

The Turks all smiled.

I’m very pleased with the first condition, except that my prime mission is to find Noah’s Ark. I would be only too happy to help the Turkish government with its request except it has to recognize my primary function.

My dear Jean Claude, we acknowledge that fact. You and your team can explore all you want. However, we want you perform this additional task. Our Turkish members will be able to assist you in both tasks. For someone with your reputation and skills this should be no problem for you. We are well aware of your accomplishments.

Thank you for the accolades Mohammed. I appreciate your remarks, but just how detailed do you want this special survey to be?

I anticipate no problem. As I said, our Turkish members will be of great help in this regard.

Mohammed, I don’t know how to speak Turkish. How are we going to communicate?

That also will be no problem. Let me reintroduce Maj. YakubVehib and Abdul Izzet? Both gentlemen can read and write French, and can speak your language fluently. I’m sure they will also be able to support you when you try to obtain information from the local people.

Major Vehib was first to speak, Mais oui, monsieur, nous parious le Francais du meillleur (But yes, monseiur, we know French very well).

The younger Turk said, Je suis un biologiste monsieur (I am a biologist monsieur).

Charboneau was about to acknowledge the Turks’ remarks, but Mohammed spoke first. Major Vehib is one of the best geologists in the Turkish Corps of Engineers and he is a graduate of the University of Istanbul. M. Izzet is an employee of our Ministry of Conservation and is a graduate biologist. Abdul is also an accomplished photographer.

Both men shook hands with Charboneau again and spoke a few words in French. Well at least they know French and we’ll be able to communicate, the explorer thought to himself. I assume I have to accept the involvement of these gentlemen whether I want to or not?

Jean Claude, please do not view it that way. If you wish, please interview both men and let me know what you think?

Charboneau thought this was fair enough, yet he was sure even if he refused to have these Turks on his team, Mohammed would find others to replace them. I’ll be happy to talk to both gentlemen, he said looking at Mohammed.

With regard to the second condition, the scientist thought this would be a good time to inform the Turks about the detection device. Charboneau hesitated because he wanted to be sure to use the correct words. As far as the number of men is concerned, I think we can all agree that four men and my wife are hardly enough to do an adequate job.

Mohammed just looked at the Frenchman. He waited for him to say something else.

Jean Claude continued, I am currently working on an instrument that should help me in my exploration. The device is something I believe I have to utilize because if you are constraining me to four team members in addition to myself, I will be severely limited in what I can survey.

Mohammed showed an affirmative nod, but before he could say anything the army officer who was a colonel asked, What does this instrument do? How does it work?

Charboneau was again careful to choose his words. The instrument is a small box that we can easily carry by even your men. When the device is on, it sends out a wave form just as bat does, then returns a signal to the box indicating the direction of the detected object.

The senior officer interrupted, But how does it work? Is it like an underwater sonar detector?

Well similar. The waves that are sent out are a combination of high frequency radio and sound waves such they will penetrate any medium except the consistency of oak wood. Charboneau thought he may be getting too technical, but no one interrupted. When the waves hit the oak, they return a signal to the box.

I don’t see any problem with this kind of device, Mohammed interrupted.

Charboneau secretly released a sigh of relief, but it was short lived. The colonel again spoke, Wait a minute, let’s not be too hasty effendi. I want to hear more about it. On what principle does the device work?

I believe I said high frequency radio and sound waves, Charboneau responded.

What sends out the signals?

Charboneau felt he had to say it, but he sure did not want to, The instrument is actuated electronically.

The word was like a shock wave. The other Turks, who were somewhat complacent up to this point, looked like they had just received a jolt from the instrument that was yet to be produced. Electronic! they all mumbled as if it was a dreaded disease.

Charboneau felt he had to do some fast-talking. Gentlemen, I’m sure all of you have radios at home?

Everyone nodded.

The Frenchman continued, A radio receives audio signals from a transmitter, and you hear sounds. Our instrument acts as both a transmitter and a receiver. Instead of radio signals, we will be sending out radio like and sound waves that will bounce back to our instrument. The device does no more than that.

Everyone nodded again as if they understood the mechanics and electronics of the instrument. Then they all looked at the colonel for him to say something. I don’t think we should approve the device until we see it. Everyone again nodded.

Charboneau thought that was reasonable enough telling the group, I should have the device at our next meeting.

Mohammed ended the meeting on a cordial note. Charboneau thought it went well except for the discussion on the electronic device. He hated to think that they would not ultimately approve the instrument. Mohammed suggested he talk to the two Turks while he had an opportunity.

Charboneau first talked to Abdul. The Turk was twenty-four, about two years younger than Azad, small stature and a little less than average height. As the got deeper into the interview the Frenchman asked, How long have you been out of school?

A little more than two years after which I starting working for the Turkish Conservation Department as biologist.

What do you do as a biologist?

It seems that a few year ago the government took an interest in the plant and animal life we have in Turkey. I thought I would be getting work in a research lab or hospital after I got my masters, but one of my professors told me about an opening in the government. I applied and got the job. So far it has been quite interesting and I have been able to apply much of what I have learned in school.

Who told you about the expedition and did you volunteer for the job, or did someone tell you that you would be working for me?

My boss told me that he heard about a French expedition that was going to search for Noah’s Ark. I know there have been dozens of such ventures and if I ever had the opportunity to be on one of the teams, I would love to do just that. My boss said he would find out more about the job and let me know if it would be possible. I’m sure I could be a lot of help to you M. Charboneau.

"Your French is pretty good. Where did you learn to speak it so well?

I took several courses in French and there were several French fellows in some of my other classes and we used to talk to each other quite a bit. It got so we could keep up some pretty good conversations.

The interview continued on for about a half-hour, with questions regarding Abdul’s work and his experience with outdoor activities. The Turk had a small frame, but he looked wirery. Charboneau thought the man would probably be fine for the job. I’ll let Mohammed know that I’d like to have you on the team.

When Charboneau completed the interview with Abdul, he thanked the Turk and indicated he would like to talk to the major. This Turk had an altogether different personality. Abdul had been a little modest. The major had an arrogant air about him. He had rough looking face, piercing eyes, and strong body structure. After some small talk, Charboneau asked, How long have you been in the military?

I’ve had a little less than twenty-two years. I started as an enlisted man, and worked my way up through the ranks. The government gave me the opportunity to attend school where I earned my Civil Engineering degree while I was still in the service. So far it has been a very good experience for me, the major answered.

Charboneau thought the Turk was a little old to have the rank of a major, but he did not say anything.

The Turk may have sensed the thought when he answered, I’ll be retiring from the army in a year or so and when I heard about the expedition I thought this would be a great opportunity to finish up my career.

Have you done much work in the Mount Ararat area?

Oh yes, I was stationed in Dogubayazid four years ago, and I know the territory exceedingly well. We supervised a lot of road and bridge work in the area.

Charboneau sensed some arrogance in his tone, as if, I know everything that you would wish to know. He then asked, Do you have any idea why Mohammed selected you to be a part of the team?

I think I do. I worked in the Ararat region off and on for about four years. There were a lot questions about the terrain, the wild life in the area, and eventually on potential settlements. The fact that I worked there so long I’m sure was a big influence. I think as we look for the ark, I’ll be able to complete a lot of the projects that I started a few years ago.

Charboneau asked the major a few questions about the different types of rocks and minerals and what the Ararat terrain was like. He asked about the volcanic outcroppings and different kinds of obsidian. The Turk answered all his questions with an air on confidence that came on a little too strong. He knew he would never hire Major Vehib if he was a Frenchman, but he was pretty sure Mohammed would say that he had to be signed up. Charboneau did not like the major’s arrogance, cockiness, or super confidence. He did not think the Turk had the personality to get along with the other members.

After the interview, Charboneau told Mohammed he accepted Abdul but he had some doubts about the major.

What don’t you like about him?

Charboneau tried to be as diplomatic as possible without saying he did not care for the major’s demeanor.

Why I’ve know the major for the last ten years. I admit he is a bit conceited at times, but he is very capable. If at all possible, I would like for you to use him. If it does not work out, we will replace him.

You know I am not too happy with your decision, but we’ll give it a try. He wanted to let Mohammed know his feelings, but he did not what more to say. He hated to think he would have to exchange the major with someone else in the middle of the expedition.

Charboneau called Azad in the evening to let him know what had happened. The meeting went much better than I expected. The only glitch was the use of our electronic device and that two Turks will have to be a part of our team.

How do the two Turks look? Azad asked.

Under the circumstances, I guess they’ll be okay. They both can speak fluent Turkish and French so I think they may be a big help in that area, and they also appear to be quite capable professionally. Can you have the sonar tested and have your visa and other things ready before April 16? They said they would like to talk to the whole team at that time. Mohammed also lined me up with an Ankara auto dealer who said he could provide us with the two vehicles we would be using. If everything goes as planned, we should be able to start a day or so after the meeting.

Everything is on schedule at this end when I checked this afternoon, Azad assured.

Michelle in the mean time was organizing all the equipment they would need for the explorations. The two trucks and other paraphernalia would be in Ankara, after they receive the final acceptance.

Azad arrived in Paris on the 14th. He demonstrated the electronic device to the Charboneaus and explained the test procedures that closely simulated the conditions they would encounter on the mountain. The trio flew to Ankara on the 15th after completing the necessary tasks in preparation for the trip. That evening they had diner with Mohammed who assured them that everything would be all right. Charboneau was apprehensive, but he was still able to contain himself. The next day would be crucial.

In the morning the trio visited to the ministry office. The same ten Turks from the previous meeting plus two Turkish electronic experts were in attendance. It did not take long to get to the question of the sonar device. Jean Claude, are you prepared to show us how your instrument works? Mohammed asked.

Charboneau asked Azad to prepare the unit and start the demonstration. The American gave a short dissertation on the mechanics of the unit explaining in simple terms how it operates and the principles behind it. The Turkish electronics experts chimed in occasionally asking technical questions. The Turks generally gave nodding approvals as Azad responded with technical answers. The questions were not much different from the previous meeting when Charboneau fielded the queries. Azad asked one of the Turks to take a piece of wood into the next room. The Turk complied once he received an approval nod from his superior.

He asked the major, Major Vehib, would you come here please?

What do you want me to do?

I want to show you how to turn this thing on and how to operate it.

The major showed some hesitancy, Maybe it would be better if you showed one of the electronic engineers?

No, no, I want to show you how simple this instrument is to operate because we’re going to be the ones who will be using it. Azad showed him what switches to activate and what dials to turn. The major complied as the device started making a buzzing sound while a needle on dial pointed towards the room that contained the Turk with the piece of wood. Azad called out, Sergeant it’s okay for you to come back into the room. As the technician returned, the needle kept pointing in his direction and the buzz in the device kept getting louder. The operation of the instrument is very simple, but it is quite complicated inside, Azad commented. Everyone seemed to be amazed at what the device did.

Major Vehib was first to speak out loud, This thing is beautiful, what else can it do?

It’s only task is to detect the oak wood, then to indicate its general location, Azad answered. The range of the device is 300 feet through air and soft material, and about same through ice. Basically the radar/sonar penetrates through soft material, then detects material that has the consistency of oak wood. The message is then relayed back to the instrument.

Are you saying if the ark is beneath more that 300 feet of ice, it will not be able to detect its wood? the colonel asked.

There weren’t glaciers in Massachusetts that were deep enough to test the device at that depth so we had to simulate the ice conditions, the American responded.

If M. Charboneau is willing to take the risk of using a device like this that has not been tested for penetrating though ice, I have no problem in accepting its usage. But if I was the leader of this expedition, I would have some doubts about how appropriate the device is, the colonel commented.

Charboneau did not hesitate in answering, I need something like this device because we will be very limited in our manpower on this search. I have the deepest confidence that it will do what Azad says it will do.

Fine, if you think it is what you want, I have no problem in approving its use, Mohammed looked around the room as he made his remark. Just about everyone signified some approval sign. Then can I say that it is okay for the expedition to proceed and that they can also use the device? Mohammed asked. The diplomat originally thought he would be dismissing the expedition team and that the committee of Turks would determine their approval or disproval in private. The fact that the colonel asserted his approval encouraged the others to do likewise. Mohammed did not feel it was necessary to dismiss the team. Jean Claude you can start your expedition as soon as you are ready, he said looking at the Frenchman. All the team members smiled and the Turks gave nodding consents.

After the meeting, the team and Mohammed had lunch together in a joyous atmosphere. The Frenchman ordered champagne, then made a toast to the success of the trip. Immediately after he made a toast to the Turkish government for allowing the expedition to occur. Azad felt peculiar participating in a toast to the Turkish government. If anyone had suggested to him six months ago that he would be toasting the Turks, he would have told his accuser that he was crazy. How can an Armenian toast a Turk? he thought to himself. However, under the circumstances he rationalized that he it was in the best interests of the expedition, even so, his conscience was telling him otherwise. The gaiety and toasting continued well into the late afternoon.

Charboneau wired the university to let them know the Turks were permitting the trip and that he could start immediately. He directed the school to send all the equipment he and Michelle had packaged and preaddressed. He contacted the leasing company in Ankara and indicated that he would need his two trucks in four days. The leasing company assured Charboneau that they already had the vehicles available. In the mean time there were some preparations and paper work that had to be completed in Ankara.

On the morning of April 20, 1966, the party departed from Ankara. Mohammed and a Turkish reporter came to wish them bon voyage and success. Mrs. Bey sent some Turkish delicacy for the team that she thought they would enjoy. Azad immediately recognized the mouthwatering pastry as bourma. The dessert was made from melted butter and chopped nuts that were rolled inside ultra thin layers of dough, and then baked. Azad, knowing how difficult it was to make, really appreciated its sweet marvelous taste, especially with honey or a light syrup. Charboneau thanked Mohammed for everything and the team was on its way.

Charboneau, Michelle, and Azad drove in the large truck. Abdul and the major were in the Bronco. This was the first time Azad saw the trucks. He asked Charboneau why he chose the trucks that they had. The Frenchman said, Mohammed Bey pretty well made the arrangements. The dealer did not have much to pick from, but we were able to lease the small ½-ton Bronco and the 1-ton F-350. The dealer assured me that the 1966 Ford vehicles were reliable and that they would be more that adequate for what we planned. We can use the smaller vehicle for higher elevation excursions and the big truck to carry most of our supplies. They both have enough power and four wheel drive, so I think we should be in pretty good shape with them.

The truck rides well on the highway. I hope that both trucks do as well on the mountain, Azad responded.

I’m counting on the dealer’s assurance and trust that they’ll be okay. I looked them over before I signed the contract, and they appeared to be reliable vehicles, the Frenchman answered back.

Charboneau planned to have his team members occasionally shift trucks to take turns driving. He was hoping the men and his wife would become familiar with each other so that they could work better together as sub teams when necessary. The major was assigned to lead the trucks. The team headed almost due east toward Sivas going through relatively level terrain. Most of the roads were crude unimproved blacktops. They could travel between 35 and 50 mph, but had to slow down when the numerous potholes showed up.

By late afternoon they arrived at Sivas that used to be Sebastia. When they stopped for lunch, the major explained that the next large city was Erzincan, about another 200 miles, but through mountainous roads. Charboneau asked, Would we have any problems camping out at night?

Years ago we may have had some problems, but today our roads are safe. The Turkish army has done a beautiful job of eliminating the bandits and even murderers who used to frequent these routes. I know some pretty good spots for camping between Sivas and Erzincan, if you intend to do that tonight.

Yes, I think we will. We might as well start getting familiar with our gear, and it looks like it may be a pretty nice evening, Charboneau said looking at the major.

As they left Sivas, Azad told Michelle that his father was born in a large village named Govdoun that was supposedly not far from the provincial capital. Do you know where the city is? the Frenchwoman asked.

No I really don’t know, except that it is in the same province of Sivas.

If it is on the way, maybe we can stop there, if you wish? Charboneau asked looking at Azad.

Oh, I’d love to if it would not be any trouble, and if we have enough time.

I think we may be able to arrange it. But like I said, if it is along the way. Charboneau then sent a message to Major Vehib on the walkie-talkie telling him to keep his eyes open for a city named Govdoun.

About fifteen miles east of Sivas the major aired Charboneau, There’s a sign up ahead that says Goydun. Do you think that may be the Govdoun you were asking me about?

Charboneau looked as Azad, What do you think?

You know the spelling is so close, I’m sure it is the same town, Azad responded.

Let’s take a look at it and see what is there. I want to stop and look around for a few minutes, Charboneau answered back.

Major Vehib acknowledged the call, but he thought to himself, Why in the hell do we want to visit a dumpy little farm community like Goydun? He then drove off the highway, on a narrow road that was about a quarter mile long leading into a run down village. About three dozen curious Turks gathered around the trucks wondering who these people were. They all were looking, talking, and asking questions to each other, then looking at the team.

One of the village Turks who may have been some kind of leader asked Major Vehib, Can we help you with anything? The major glanced at Charboneau with a questioning look.

Tell him we just want to look at the town, the Frenchman told the major.

But there was nothing much to see. The homes were all simple dwellings made of concrete slabs and rocks and with dirt floors. Just tell him we would like to drive around a little and would soon be on our way, Charboneau told the major who translated the message to the village spokesman.

Please be our guest, the village Turk responded as some of the women were bringing out tahn, lavash, and cheese. They urged the team members to have some. The Turks appeared happy to have some visitors come to their small village.

Azad looked at the Charboneaus, The white liquid is what we call tahn that is made up of diluted yogurt and it tastes like sour milk. You’ll have to try some. The lavash is dried cracker bread that has been dampened to make it pliable. I’m sure both of you will enjoy trying some. The bread is a symbol of hospitality in Armenian homes and I’m sure the Turks are doing the same with us. He showed the Charboneaus how to roll the cheese in the bread and to savor it with the tahn.

The major saw Azad telling the Charboneaus about the food the villagers brought out. He could not hear everything that Azad said because the villagers were talking quite loud to each other and urging the team to eat the bread and cheese. He was again thinking, What the hell does this American know about tahn and lavash? But still he said nothing except to ask the spokesman if they could drive around. The villager told him fine and that he would be glad to show the team the village.

But there was really nothing to see except ruins of what used to be homes and narrow dirt roads. Major Vehib was not surprised. He knew that most of the outlying villages were made up of ruins. Charboneau asked the major to drive with himself and the village spokesman as they toured the ruins. Michelle drove with Abdul and Azad. As they drove around, the villager spoke somewhat apologetically about the ruins, This village used to be made up entirely of Armenians who left during World War I. After, the government brought in Turkish refugees from other locations. We do a lot of farming here and take our products into Sivas to sell.

Charboneau was well aware of the Armenian massacres of World War I, yet he did not want to press the Turk into the details of the slaughter. However, he did ask, How many Armenians lived here before?

As far as I know there were over 4000 villagers. I think they were all Armenians. Now we have a little over 600 Turks who live here, the spokesman answered through the major. Other questions were asked while they were making the tour until they got back to the entrance to the village. The team thanked the villagers for their hospitality, then continued about their way.

As they got back on the road, Michelle asked, Well, what do you think Azad?

It’s very depressing. My father told me that Govdoun used to be a prosperous village. The Armenians populated the whole town. Now it looks like it’s in 90% ruins, and the Turks were nice, they sure did not look like they were very prosperous. The Turks murdered all the adult males and forced all rest of the Armenians into the desert where most of the women and children perished. Very few of them were saved by missionaries or ended up in orphanages in the Middle East.

Is that what happened to your parents?

Yes, and they still remember it today. Many a night, I recall my dad screaming in his sleep, dreaming about what happened in his village. It was quite a horrible thing to remember.

Charboneau who was listening, said, Yes, I’ve read some things about the massacres, but I think the Turks say nothing like that really happened. They claim that both sides had millions who were killed during the war and that no such thing like a genocide actually occurred.

Jean Claude we could get into some pretty heated discussions about this subject, but I think we’ve already seen some of the ruined Armenian churches and you saw what was in Govdoun. The largest building we saw there was a barn that they used for storage. That structure used to be my father’s church. Now the Turks have either let the churches go to ruins, or converted them into mosques or stables. I’m sure we’ll see a lot more as we go along.

That evening they camped on the outskirts of Zara. The major was correct. The site was well off the highway near a small stream. If it were not for the major, they never would have found the site. It was rather cold during the night, but their arctic sleeping bags kept them warm and comfortable. During the night, Azad woke up once and was amazed at the stars. There must have been billions upon billions of the celestial bodies. Many of them could even be seen close to the horizon. He thought to himself that even in the mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire he never saw a display of stars like he saw tonight.

Azad was first to arise in the morning to prepare breakfast for everyone. He made ham and eggs for the French, bastourma and eggs for the Muslims and himself. As the major was enjoying the food he asked, Azad, where did you get the bastourma?

Mohammed Bey told me about a store in Ankara where I could buy a few slabs.

How did you know we like this stuff? the major asked suspiciously.

Oh, I know it’s a popular breakfast meal in the Middle East, and I was sure you and Abdul would like some. Azad was well aware that the Muslims did not eat pork products. Azad offered to make some bastourma for the French, but the aroma was a little too pungent for them.

You’ll never catch a cold if you eat lots of it, Abdul told the pair.

Jean Claude tried a little, It’s not bad. I’ll have some the next time you make it Azad. Just exactly what is it?

It’s basically a chunk of loin beef, dried, and then coated with a spicy paste that we call chamen. That’s what really gives it its flavor.

And what makes up the chamen? Charboneau asked.

It’s a mixture of cumin, paprika, salt, pepper, cayenne, ground garlic, and water.

All that. No wonder Abdul says you will never catch a cold if you eat the stuff, Charboneau commented.

I think it may just be the garlic. But do you know it’s not really the garlic that prevents a person from getting a cold, the American claimed.

Oh, then just what is it the helps prevent a cold? Charboneau asked.

It’s the smell. If you eat enough, you smell so bad that people will stay away from you, Azad joked.

Everyone gave a little chuckle, except the major who was only able to conjure up a smirk. Finally he asked apprehensively, Azad how is it that you know so much about bastourma, tahn, and lavoush?

A good friend told me all about these delicious foods. I tried them, like them, and found out more about them.

The major was about to ask another question, but Charboneau interrupted, Let’s clean up here and be on our way. We’ve got a long way to go yet.

The team got into Erzincan in the early afternoon. The major checked in at the local army station to assure proper clearances further into the interior. The Turk treated the team to a delectable lamb roast lunch at the officer’s club. All the team told him how much they enjoyed the meal. When they returned to the trucks to resume their journey, Azad told Michelle, You know there’s an ancient fortress here that used to guard the western boundaries of the Urartian kingdom.

Urartian? asked Michelle.

They were the forerunners of the Armenian nation, Azad answered. They had quite an expansive kingdom in the Land of Ararat before the Armenians came in from southeastern Europe. In fact they were the only ones who gave the Assyrians any opposition for a few centuries.

Now I remember. Didn’t the Urartians precede the Armenian kingdom by a few years?

"That’s right Michelle. Except for a few decades the Land of Ararat was called both