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    A Study Guide for Psychologists and Their Theories for Students: AARON TEMKIN BECK
    A Study Guide for Psychologists and Their Theories for Students: AARON TEMKIN BECK
    A Study Guide for Psychologists and Their Theories for Students: AARON TEMKIN BECK
    Ebook81 pages1 hour

    A Study Guide for Psychologists and Their Theories for Students: AARON TEMKIN BECK

    By Gale and Cengage

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    About this ebook

    Perfect for research assignments in psychology, science, and history, this concise study guide is a one-stop source for in-depth coverage of major psychological theories and the people who developed them. Consistently formatted entries typically cover the following: biographical sketch and personal data, theory outline, analysis of psychologist's place in history, summary of critical response to the theory, the theory in action, and more.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherCengage Learning - Gale
    Release dateJan 27, 2015
    ISBN9781535831475
    A Study Guide for Psychologists and Their Theories for Students: AARON TEMKIN BECK

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      A Study Guide for Psychologists and Their Theories for Students - Gale

      backgrounds.

      BIOGRAPHY

      Early years

      Aaron T. Beck was born in Providence, Rhode Island, on July 18, 1921, the youngest of five children. Both of his parents were Russian Jewish immigrants to the United States. Two of Beck’s siblings had died before his birth, an older brother in childhood and an older sister in the influenza pandemic of 1919. As a result of these tragedies, Beck’s mother was chronically depressed for several years and became overprotective of her youngest son. Beck came to think that he was a replacement for his sister, and that his mother was disappointed that he was not a girl. When Beck was seven years old, he broke an arm in a playground accident. The broken bone became infected, resulting in a generalized septicemia (blood poisoning) that kept him in the hospital long enough to miss promotion into second grade. Beck recalled later that he came to feel stupid: I was held back in the first grade and I always felt it was because I was dumb. Many years later I asked my mother and she said it was because I’d been sick a great deal.

      Beck missed his friends and didn’t like being a grade behind them. With the help of some tutoring from his older brothers, as well as his own determination, Beck not only caught up with his former classmates but ended up being promoted a year ahead of them. He regarded his success as a psychological turning point: . . . it did show some evidence that I could do things, that if I got into a hole I could dig myself out. I could do it on my own. Beck eventually graduated at the head of his class from Hope High School and entered Brown University in the fall of 1938.

      Beck developed several phobias in the course of his childhood. One was a blood/injury phobia, which he related to his experience with surgery for his broken arm at age seven. The surgeon apparently began to make the incision before Beck was fully anesthetized. During Beck’s medical training years later, he had to fight anxiety and a tendency to feel dizzy while assisting with operations. He dealt with his blood/injury phobia by exposing himself gradually to the sights and sounds of an operating room, and by keeping busy while he was assisting with surgery. I wasn’t fazed at all as long as I was . . . doing something. I learned an awful lot from my own experience. As long as you’re actively involved in something, anxiety tends to hold back.

      A second phobia was fear of suffocation, which was apparently caused by a bad case of whooping cough, chronic childhood asthma, and an older brother who used to tease Beck by putting a pillow over his face. Beck’s fear of suffocation also emerged in the form of a tunnel phobia; he would feel tightness in his chest and have difficulty breathing while driving through a tunnel. In addition he developed fears of heights and of public speaking. He maintains that he was able to resolve these fears by working them through cognitively. Beck also drew from his own experiences when writing his first book on depression, which he published in 1967. Beck was mildly depressed while he was writing the book, but regarded the project as a kind of self-treatment.

      Beck’s childhood and adolescence also included many positive experiences. He recalled during an interview in 2001 that he was largely interested in nature when he was growing up, becoming a bird watcher, learning to identify plants and trees, and eventually serving as a camp counselor and naturalist. Beck’s parents encouraged his interest in science. He later credited these early explorations with stimulating his interest in what makes people tick; particularly what makes them happy or sad, and confident or insecure.

      Education

      Beck was uncertain of his career plans during his undergraduate years; he majored in political science and English literature at Brown rather than chemistry or another premedical major. He also served as associate editor of the campus newspaper, the Brown Daily Herald. Because his scholarship did not cover all his expenses, he delivered newspapers, worked in the library, and sold Fuller brushes door-to-door in order to make ends meet. Beck graduated from the university magna cum laude in 1942. He won a number of honors and awards as an undergraduate, including the Francis Wayland Scholarship, the Gaston Prize for Oratory, and election to Brown’s chapter of Phi Beta Kappa.

      Following graduation from Brown, Beck went to medical school at Yale University, where he completed his degree in 1946. He was not interested in psychiatry at that point in his career; after receiving his MD, he served a rotating internship followed by a residency in pathology at Rhode Island Hospital. Beck then decided to specialize in neurology because he was attracted by the degree of precision that the specialty demands of its practitioners. While he was completing a required rotation in psychiatry during his residency at the Cushing Veterans Administration Hospital in Framingham, Massachusetts, he became interested in some of the recent developments in the treatment of mental illness. Beck then decided to become a psychotherapist.

      PRINCIPAL PUBLICATIONS

      Depression: Causes and Treatment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1967.

      The Diagnosis and Management of Depression. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973.

      The Prediction of Suicide. Bowie, MD: The Charles Press, 1974.

      Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. New York: International Universities Press, 1976.

      Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: The Guilford Press,

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