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Psychology: a QuickStudy Laminated Reference Guide
Psychology: a QuickStudy Laminated Reference Guide
Psychology: a QuickStudy Laminated Reference Guide
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Psychology: a QuickStudy Laminated Reference Guide

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About this ebook

Best-selling reference for 20 years covering the essentials of psychology streamlined in our QuickStudy outline format to support students in their core college psych courses and beyond. In six laminated pages this succinct coverage is filled with the answers you need-to-know for studying and testing, while offering a big picture overview of the subject as a whole. With such a large mass of details to be processed as a student, stepping back to see a roadmap of the subject created by a professor is like having the professor's notes for the course in-hand, easy to read anywhere, and practically indestructible. At a cost lower than any study tool you can buy, this 20 year proven grade boosting reference is a must have.
6 page laminated guide includes:
  • Learning
  • Biological basis of psychology
  • Stress & health
  • Sensation & perception
  • Memory
  • Language, thinking, intelligence & creativity
  • Development
  • Social psychology
  • Gender & sexuality
  • Motivation & emotion
  • Personality
  • Consciousness
  • Abnormal behavior
  • Treatment & therapy
  • Applied psychology
     
LanguageEnglish
Release dateNov 30, 2009
ISBN9781423212331
Psychology: a QuickStudy Laminated Reference Guide

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    Psychology - BarCharts, Inc.

    PSYCHOLOGY

    Essential principles, theories & concepts for developing a strong foundation in the study of human behavior & mental processes

    INTRODUCTION

    Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, how they are affected by an organism’s physical and mental state and external environment, and how they can ultimately be described, understood, predicted, and controlled or modified

    Psychology as a Science

    Experiment: A process in which a researcher controls one or more variables to discover the effect(s) on other variables

    Independent variable: Manipulated and controlled by the researcher

    Dependent variable: Data; measured by the researcher

    Experimental and control groups: Only the experimental group is exposed to the independent variable; otherwise, both groups are treated the same; this will show whether the change in the dependent variable is caused by the independent variable

    Confounding variable: An observed effect that may be due to an intervening third variable between the dependent and independent variables; the confounding variable must be systematically controlled or, if possible, eliminated; otherwise, the obtained results are invalid

    Latent variable: An unobservable variable that is inferred as the mediator between two observed events (e.g., inferring the experience of fear from certain measurable physiological anxiety responses); it is often difficult to avoid circular explanations when positing a latent variable

    Subject variable: A condition that is part of the subject’s makeup and cannot be assigned randomly (e.g., sex, height, hair color); because these conditions cannot be randomized, causal conclusions cannot be derived from subject variable experiments

    Nonsubject variable: A characteristic that is not part of a subject’s makeup and thus can be randomly assigned (e.g., whether the subject received a certain drug or a placebo)

    Experimental error or anomaly: A vexing problem that develops when experimental results cannot be reproduced as expected; experimenters must establish whether there is an error in the experimental methodology or whether the experiment failed to control all relevant confounding variables, which would diminish the effect of the independent variable

    Types of studies

    Descriptive studies: Describe but do not explain behavior

    Case history: A description of one individual

    Observation

    Naturalistic: The observation is done in the subject’s natural environment

    Laboratory: The observational setting is controlled by the researcher

    Surveys include questionnaires and interviews

    Tests must be both reliable and valid

    The reliability of a test reflects the extent to which fluctuations in results are due to fluctuations in the underlying measured entity or are a characteristic of the measuring device (the test) that should be improved

    Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it

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