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    A Practical Guide to Hindko Grammar
    A Practical Guide to Hindko Grammar
    A Practical Guide to Hindko Grammar
    Ebook251 pages59 minutes

    A Practical Guide to Hindko Grammar

    By Dr. Halil Toker

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    A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO HINDKO GRAMMAR

    Hindko is one of the charming languages of the Pak-Indo Subcontinent which is spoken broadly in the districts of Abbottabad, Haripur, Mansehra, Attock and the cities like Peshawar, Nowshera, Swabi, Kohat and some other cities and towns of Pakistan.
    From the viewpoint of some scholars Hindko is a dialect of Panjabi and to the others it is a separate language. Whether one can recognize it as a separate language or a dialect, Hindko is a beautiful language which has its own rich historical background, its own vocabulary treasure and grammatical rules and its own melodic language structure.
    Each language of the world is an immense heritage of the mankind which should be preserved by all means, whether it be a language of a little clan of the vast African jungles or the lingua franca of our times English. Dying of a language is like the death of a heritage that has been achieved through the centuries and it, absolutely, is like the death of a living cell of the body of the mankind. After some years of my studies on Hindko, I realized that if something is not done, like the many different languages of the world, which remained as the old and forgotten names in the pages of history books or in some research books, this beautiful language, most likely, will also be a part of old times. What I could do to preserve this language, it was to prepare a grammar for Hindko.
    So I prepared this book and you will find a practical way of the Hindko grammar in this book.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherTrafford Publishing
    Release dateFeb 10, 2014
    ISBN9781490723785
    A Practical Guide to Hindko Grammar
    Author

    Dr. Halil Toker

    Dr. Halil Toker is a professor at Urdu Language and Literature Department, Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters, Istanbul-Turkey. He has specialized in Urdu and Persian but he knows some other languages of the Sub-continent like Hindi, Panjabi and Hindko as well. He has thirty (30) published books and more than a hundred articles in Turkish, Urdu and English to his credit. He has a special interest in Dr. Muhammad Iqbal, the renowned thinker and poet of the Islamic World and has some research works on him.

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      Book preview

      A Practical Guide to Hindko Grammar - Dr. Halil Toker

      © Copyright 2014 Dr. Halil Toker.

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written prior permission of the author.

      isbn: 978-1-4907-2379-2 (sc)

      isbn: 978-1-4907-2377-8 (hc)

      isbn: 978-1-4907-2378-5 (e)

      Library of Congress Control Number: 2014901705

      Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

      Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Thinkstock are models,

      and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.

      Certain stock imagery © Thinkstock.

      Trafford rev. 02/06/2014

      33164.png   www.trafford.com

      North America & international

      toll-free: 1 888 232 4444 (USA & Canada)

      fax: 812 355 4082

      Contents

      DEDICATION

      ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

      PREFACE

      INTRODUCTION

      FOREWORD

      THE HINDKO SCRIPT AND SOUND SYSTEM

      The Hindko Alphabet

      NOUN

      A) Gender

      B) Number

      ADJECTIVE

      Descriptive Adjectives

      Declinable Adjectives

      Indeclinable Adjectives

      Possessive Adjectives

      Demonstrative Adjectives

      Interrogative Adjectives

      Numeral Adjectives

      Distributive Numerals

      Fractional Numbers

      Multiplicative Numerals

      Superlative Adjectives

      Pronominal Adjectives

      PRONOUNS

      Personal Pronouns

      Definite Pronouns

      Indefinite Pronouns

      Interrogative Pronouns

      Relative Pronouns

      Reflexive Pronouns

      POSTPOSITIONS

      Possessive Case

      ADVERBS

      Adverbs of manner

      Adverbs of place

      Adverbs of time

      Adverbs of frequency

      Adverbs of degree

      Conjunctive adverbs

      Interrogative adverbs

      Adverbs of sentence

      Adverbs of reason

      Numeral Adverbs

      CONJUNCTIONS

      INTERJECTIONS

      THE VERB

      INFINITIVE

      Agent Noun or Active Participles

      Passive Participle

      The Imperfective Participle

      Past Conjunctive Participle

      VERB OF BEING

      Present Tense

      Past Tense

      Future Tense

      THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

      THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

      THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

      THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

      THE IMPERATIVE MOOD

      PAST TENSES

      THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

      THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

      THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

      THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

      FIRST FORM

      SECOND FORM OF PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE OR PAST HABITUAL

      THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE OR PAST PRESUMPTIVE MOOD

      THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE OR PRESUMPTIVE MOOD

      PRESUMPTIVE PRESENT HABITUAL

      PRESUMPTIVE PROGRESSIVE

      CONDITIONALS

      FUTURE CONDITIONS

      PAST CONDITIONAL TENSE

      THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

      Past Subjunctive

      Present Habitual Subjunctive

      Present Progressive Subjunctive

      PASSIVE VOICE

      Present Simple Passive

      Past Simple Passive

      CAUSAL VERBS

      ABILITY STRUCTURE

      Present Simple Passive

      COMPULSION CONSTRUCTIONS

      COMPOUND VERBS

      APPENDIXES

      BIBLIOGRAPHY

      A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO HINDKO GRAMMAR

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated to the late Dr. Elahi Bakhsh Awan—a true lover of the Hindko language—for his kindness and devotion and for his endless support when I was writing this book.

      Acknowledgments

      I would like to thank a number of people who were involved in different capacities throughout the production of this book. Thanks first go to the late Dr. Khatir Gaznavi, Mr. Naseem Ahmad Kwajah, and Mr. Muhammad Zahoor Sethi who inspired me to learn the Hindko language. To the late Dr. Elahi Bakhsh Awan who gave invaluable guidance, support, and advice during the entire process. Also, my thanks go to Mrs. Chris Kwajah and Mr. Nadeem who checked my book’s English text, and to Muhammad Hanif Khan who kindly gave information about the Hindko accent spoken in Haripur-Hazara. Last but not least, I wish to thank Dr. Rauf Parekh who kindly accepted to write a foreword to my book.

      PREFACE

      Hindko is one of the charming languages of the Pak-Indo Subcontinent, which is spoken broadly in the districts of Abbottabad, Haripur, Mansehra, Attock, and the cities like Peshawar, Nowshera, Swabi, Kohat, and some other cities and towns of Pakistan.

      From the viewpoint of some scholars, Hindko is a dialect of Panjabi; and to the others, it is a separate language. Whether one can recognize it as a separate language or a dialect, Hindko is a beautiful language which has its own rich historical background, its own vocabulary treasure and grammatical rules, and its own melodic language structure.

      Each language of the world is an immense heritage of mankind which should be preserved by all means, whether it be the language of a little clan of the vast African jungles or the lingua franca of our times, English. The death of a language is like the death of a heritage that has been achieved through the centuries, and it absolutely is like the death of a living cell of the body of mankind.

      After some years of my studies on Hindko, I realized that if something is not done—like the many different languages of the world, which remained as the old and forgotten names in the pages of history books or in some research books—this beautiful language, most likely, will also be a relic of ancient times. Suddenly, this fact seemed to me a horrible loss for the civilization of mankind, and this forced me to think I should do something—whatever I could do—to preserve this language.

      What I could do best was to prepare a grammar manual for Hindko. As far as I could understand, there are only a few such resources, especially for non-Hindko-speaking people of Pakistan or for foreigners like me who are interested in the

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