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    Quick guide to Laboratory Medicine: a student's overview
    Quick guide to Laboratory Medicine: a student's overview
    Quick guide to Laboratory Medicine: a student's overview
    Ebook73 pages35 minutes

    Quick guide to Laboratory Medicine: a student's overview

    By Armando Guerra-Ruiz, Bernardo Lavin and Mayte Garcia Unzueta

    ()

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    About this ebook

    This book provides an overview of useful laboratory tests as complementary tests for the diagnosis of common ailments and diseases in standard medical practice. The reader will find a concise but detailed guide to the tests, their rationale and their interpretation.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherDiscover Bioworld
    Release dateSep 15, 2017
    ISBN9783962551742
    Quick guide to Laboratory Medicine: a student's overview

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      Book preview

      Quick guide to Laboratory Medicine - Armando Guerra-Ruiz

      978-3-96255-174-2

      Preface

      The clinical laboratory is the place where a multidisciplinary team formed by the clinical pathologist or clinical analyst, laboratory professionals and technicians in clinical analysis, analyze human biological samples that contribute to the study, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It is also known as clinical pathology laboratory and uses the methodologies of various disciplines such as biochemistry - also called clinical chemistry - hematology, immunology and microbiology. In the clinical laboratory different biological samples, such as blood, urine, feces, synovial fluid (joints), cerebrospinal fluid, pharyngeal and vaginal exudates, among other types of samples are obtained and studied.

      Laboratory medicine professionals play an essential role on healthcare teams by providing vital guidance so patients get the care they need.

      The training of the professionals in charge of this discipline is of the utmost importance since they constitute an interface of encounter between the clinical practitioners and the technology, the biomarkers and the scientific evidence that is nowadays in the base of the majority of the clinical decisions. They constitute an unavoidable link of quality medical care, and contribute with their work to the consolidation of evidence-based medicine.

      This book aims to be a guide to the path that a student should take to study the laboratory medicine to become a professional well trained in that discipline and therefore be able to add value to the chain of provision of quality health care.

      M. Egan, PhD

      Discover Bioworld

      Chapter 1. Emergency Laboratory

      Emergency Laboratory

      The clinical laboratory plays an essential role in the functioning of the hospital emergency services and others that require a fast response time. Response time is directed influenced by the characteristics of the patient attended (intensive care unit, day hospital, dialysis, etc.)

      Not all biological quantities that can be measured in a clinical laboratory are of interest to be measured in an emergency laboratory. In some cases it is straight forward to determine if a test is of interest for urgent measurement; however in other cases this distinction is not so clear and there is still controversy about the usefulness of some metabolites in an urgent medical intervention. It is useful to consult local entities (societies, associations, legal obligations, etc.) to determine the extent of an urgent medical laboratory pipeline.

      Some of the aspects to take into account when designing an emergency laboratory would be:

      Definition of the role and tasks of the emergency laboratory. Integration in the dynamics of hospital emergency care. Extension to cases of admissions that require a rapid response. Preanalytic, routes of arrival of the samples, control of labeling, different biological samples, purpose, and importance of the conditions of the sample.

      Determinations that are made in the emergency laboratory. Analysis of biochemistry, hematology, elemental and sediment, analysis of arterial and venous gasometry, hormones of urgency, osmolarity of biological fluids. Integration in clinical care.

      Request processing system. Contact and familiarization with the request handling system. Management of the computerized laboratory system (LIS). Functioning of the LIS. Interaction with the Hospital Information System (HIS). Interaction of the LIS with the automatic analyzers used in the emergency laboratory. Common problems and their solution or treatment. Interaction with the results viewer.

      Biochemistry of Emergencies. Main determinations. Determinations available in the catalog. Principles and rationale of the determinations. Methods and techniques. Analytical techniques available in analyzers. Possible interferences. Range of normality, range of technique. Alarm values. How to deal with alarm values. Most of these determinations are also performed in the routine biochemistry laboratory so the list of determinations are detailed in Annex 1.

      Hormones of emergency. Available analytical techniques. Determinations available in the catalog. Principles and basis of operation of the determinations. Possible interferences. Range of normality, range of technique, and alarm values. Cases of pre, intra and post-surgical

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