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    Canals and Dams!: With 25 Science Projects for Kids
    Canals and Dams!: With 25 Science Projects for Kids
    Canals and Dams!: With 25 Science Projects for Kids
    Ebook159 pages1 hour

    Canals and Dams!: With 25 Science Projects for Kids

    By Anita Yasuda and Mike Crosier

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    About this ebook

    Did you know that hydropower supplies 16 percent of all electricity worldwide? And there are more than 57,000 big dams around the world!


    Canals and Dams! With 25 Science Projects for Kids invites kids ages 7 though 10 to investigate the waterways that help the world run! Through fun facts and engaging content, readers explore record-breaking structures such as the Panama Canal and Hoover Dam. They also learn about the physics that make canals and dams work! Elementary-aged kids discover how hundreds of years of innovation created the canals and dams we know today and how this technology affects people and the environment. Discover how one dam can both supply electricity to entire cities, and flood entire towns, and how one canal can cut trade routes in half!


    Did you know that hydropower supplies 16 percent of all electricity worldwide? And there are more than 57,000 big dams around the world!


    Canals and Dams! With 25 Science Projects for Kids invites kids ages 7 though 10 to investigate the waterways that help the world run! Through fun facts and engaging content, readers explore record-breaking structures such as the Panama Canal and Hoover Dam. They also learn about the physics that make canals and dams work! Elementary-aged kids discover how hundreds of years of innovation created the canals and dams we know today and how this technology affects people and the environment. Discover how one dam can both supply electricity to entire cities, and flood entire towns, and how one canal can cut trade routes in half!


    Through 25 hands-on projects that use materials found around the house or classroom, kids will explore the mechanisms that make canals and dams work. Engaging STEM projects and experiments, such as engineering a beaver dam and experimenting with water, help kids break down the small processes behind big structures! By combining science with fun facts, jokes, activities, and experiments, kids will have an exciting adventure exploring the world’s canals and dams, while links to primary sources offer ample opportunity for further student-led exploration.


    Canals and Dams! With 25 Science Projects for Kids is part of a set of four Explore Engineering books. In the Explore Engineering set, readers ages 7 to 10 learn the physics behind the things they build: Why does a tower of blocks eventually fall? Why does a tunnel sometimes cave in? Through a series of focused, science-minded activities that require critical thinking paired with creative trial-and-error attempts at building, readers develop foundational understanding of the physics that guides the building and maintenance of bridges, canals, tunnels, and skyscrapers.

    Titles in the Explore Engineering set include Bridges! With 25 Science Projects for Kids;Canals and Dams! With 25 Science Projects for Kids; Tunnels! With 25 Science Projects for Kids; and Skyscrapers! With 25 Science Projects for Kids.!

    Nomad Press books in the Explore Your World series for children ages 7–10 integrate content with participation. Common Core State Standards, the Next Generation Science Standards, and STEM Education all place project-based learning as key building blocks in education. Combining content with inquiry-based projects stimulates learning and makes it active and alive. Nomad’s unique approach simultaneously grounds kids in factual knowledge while allowing them the space to be curious, creative, and critical thinkers.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherNomad Press
    Release dateAug 1, 2018
    ISBN9781619306462
    Canals and Dams!: With 25 Science Projects for Kids
    Author

    Anita Yasuda

    Anita Yasuda is the author of more than one hundred books for children. She lives with her family and her dog in Huntington Beach, California.

    Read more from Anita Yasuda

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      Book preview

      Canals and Dams! - Anita Yasuda

      Titles in the Explore Engineering Set

      Check out more titles at www.nomadpress.net

      Nomad Press

      A division of Nomad Communications

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      Copyright © 2018 by Nomad Press. All rights reserved.

      No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from

      the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review or for limited educational use.

      The trademark Nomad Press and the Nomad Press logo are trademarks of Nomad Communications, Inc.

      Educational Consultant, Marla Conn

      Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to

      Nomad Press

      2456 Christian St.

      White River Junction, VT 05001

      www.nomadpress.net

      Printed in the United States of America.

      CONTENTS

      Timeline

      Introduction

      Let’s Explore Canals and Dams

      Chapter 1

      Why Do We Build Canals and Dams?

      Chapter 2

      Engineering and Design

      Chapter 3

      Building Dams

      Chapter 4

      Cool Canals

      Chapter 5

      Famous Canals and Dams

      Glossary*Metric Conversions

      Resources*Essential Questions*Index

      Interested in primary sources? Look for this icon. Use a smartphone or tablet app to scan the QR code and explore more! Photos are also primary sources because a photograph takes a picture at the moment something happens.

      If the QR code doesn’t work, there’s a list of URLs on the Resources page. Or, try searching the internet with the Keyword Prompts to find other helpful sources.

      KEYWORD PROMPTS

      TIMELINE

      3000 BCE:

      Jawa Dam is built in Mesopotamia.

      2700 BCE:

      The ancient Egyptians build one the earliest dams, the Sadd el-Kafara Dam along the Nile River.

      1200 BCE–800 BCE:

      Ancestors of Native Americans build Las Capas in present-day Arizona. This is the oldest canal system in North America.

      520 BCE–510 BCE:

      Persian emperor Darius I builds a canal from the Nile River to the Red Sea.

      THIRD–THIRTEENTH CENTURY CE:

      The Chinese build several dams and canals to prevent flooding and to improve transportation.

      FIFTH CENTURY CE:

      Work begins on the 1,100-mile Grand Canal in China. It is completed during the Sui Dynasty (581–618 CE).

      1179–1209:

      The Naviglio Grande is a canal built to bring marble from quarries to Milan, Italy, for use on a cathedral.

      1500:

      Artist and scientist Leonardo da Vinci invents the mitered lock gate, allowing canals of different levels to be joined together.

      1642:

      The Briare Canal in France joins the Seine River to the Loire River. Parts of the canal descend 206 feet in 32 miles.

      1718:

      A system of levees is built to control flood waters along the Mississippi River at New Orleans, Louisiana.

      1825:

      The Erie Canal in New York State opens. It connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean and opens western states to development.

      1869:

      The Suez Canal joins the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. Cargo ships no longer have to sail the 6,000-mile-route around the tip of Africa.

      1902:

      The first Aswan Dam on the Nile River is completed. For its time, the dam is a marvel of engineering.

      1914:

      The Panama Canal is built across the Panama Isthmus, linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Cargo ships no longer have to sail the long route around the tip of South America.

      1936:

      Work is completed on the Hoover Dam on the border of Nevada and Arizona. The dam harnesses the power of the Colorado River.

      1942:

      The Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River in the state of Washington opens. It is one of the largest concrete structures in the world.

      1942:

      The All-American Canal opens along the border between the United States and Mexico. It is the longest irrigation canal in the world, bringing water from the Colorado River to California.

      1959:

      The Saint Lawrence Seaway opens, linking the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean through a series of canals and locks.

      1970:

      The Aswan High Dam on the Nile River opens. It creates a 300-milelong reservoir called Lake Nasser.

      1982:

      Built by Brazil and Paraguay, the Itaipu Dam on the Paraná River opens. The dam is one of the largest hydroelectric dams in the world.

      2003:

      Three Gorges Dam across the Yangtze River in China begins operating. It is the world’s largest hydroelectric dam.

      FUTURE:

      When finished, the Rogun Dam in Tajikistan will be the tallest dam in the world at 1,263 feet tall.

      INTRODUCTION

      LET’S EXPLORE CANALS AND DAMS

      Have you ever traveled down a river in a boat? Rivers are very useful for getting people and things from one place to another. But what if there is no natural river flowing where people and things need to travel? One solution is to dig a canal!

      A canal is a manmade channel of water. Often, you’ll find canals working together with dams. Canals and dams are both structures that change the flow of water. This is useful for transportation, producing electricity, and getting water where it’s needed.

      WORDS TO KNOW

      canal: a manmade channel used to deliver water.

      dam: a wall, usually built across moving water, that holds some of it back.

      structure: something that is built, such as a building, bridge, or tunnel.

      engineering: using science, math, and creativity to design and build things.

      irrigation: moving water through canals, ditches, or tunnels to water crops.

      Canals and dams often work together as part of a system. One allows water to flow and the other stops water from flowing.

      Have you ever heard of the Hoover Dam? This dam supplies 1.3 million people in Nevada, Arizona,

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