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    U.S. Army Weapons Systems 2009
    U.S. Army Weapons Systems 2009
    U.S. Army Weapons Systems 2009
    Ebook627 pages3 hours

    U.S. Army Weapons Systems 2009

    By U.S. Department of the Army

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    About this ebook

    In addition, it covers cutting-edge tech that will soon be employed by our soldiers: missiles, small arms, biological detection systems, rockets, reconnaissance systems, radios, planes, bows and arrows (believe it or not)...you name it, this book has it. Also included is a thorough discussion of Future Combat Systems (FCS), the system of systems that, when fully operational, will provide the Army and joint forces with unprecedented capability to see the enemy, engage him on our terms, and defeat him on the twenty-first century battlefield. Full-color photographs illustrate each weapon, making this the most comprehensive and up-to-date resource of its kind.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherSkyhorse
    Release dateNov 17, 2008
    ISBN9781628732849
    U.S. Army Weapons Systems 2009
    Author

    U.S. Department of the Army

    The  Department of the Army  (DA) is one of the three military departments within the  Department of Defense of the United States of America. Its mission is to fight and win our Nation’ s wars by providing prompt, sustained land dominance across the full range of military operations and spectrum of conflict in support of combatant commanders.

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      U.S. Army Weapons Systems 2009 - U.S. Department of the Army

      The face of the future force

      When fully operational, FCS will provide the Army and the joint force with unprecedented capability to see the enemy, engage him on our terms, and defeat him on the 21st century battlefield.

      FCS is a joint, networked system of systems, consisting of a network and 18 individual systems and using an advanced network architecture that will enable levels of joint connectivity, situational awareness and understanding, and synchronized operations previously unachievable. It is designed to interact with and enhance the Army's most valuable weapon—the Soldier.

      FCS (BCT) is the Army's principal modernization strategy that is the embodiment of the modular force, a modular system designed for fullspectrum operations. It will network existing systems, systems already under development, and systems to be developed to meet the requirements of the Army's Future Force. It is adaptable to traditional warfare as well as complex, irregular warfare in urban terrains, mixed terrains such as deserts and plains, and restrictive terrains such as mountains and jungles. It can also be adaptable to civil support, such as disaster relief.

      In 2014 the Army will begin fielding Brigade Combat Teams (BCTs), units that will operate using all of FCS's systems. When compared to current heavy brigades, the BCT offers numerous advantages.

      The structure of modern warfare is changing

      The very structure of modern warfare is changing. Today's warfare is increasingly irregular, requiring us to find, engage, and defeat the enemy on complex terrain. Adversaries are adapting and honing their skills to defeat our current strengths and abilities, using guerrilla and terror tactics to attack, disrupt and harass our forces. There is a need to transition away from the 20th century, Cold War model that relied on massive logistics buildup, heavy brigades, sequential operations, linear warfare, and intelligence gained by direct observation/contact. FCS mitigates the dilemma of irregular warfare by providing light, agile Brigade Combat Teams with a small logistics footprint that is networked and capable of conducting simultaneous operations; non-linear warfare that directly attacks enemy centers of control; and exploits intelligence gained via remote reconnaissance and surveillance.

      At the heart of the FCS (BCT) is the network, which will allow every FCS system—from unmanned vehicles to precision weapons—to share information and work together. The network will facilitate decisionmaking not just at the brigade level, but all the way down to the battalion and company levels. The network is FCS's enabler, allowing the Army to achieve greater situational awareness, improved survivability, improved lethality, improved efficiency, and joint operability.

      Meeting the Challenge

      On today's battlefield, the availability of real-time information is critical for success. Up-to-the-second information often is the difference between leading an attack and reacting to the enemy's attack. FCS technology will allow our Soldiers to see first and understand first, from a position out of harm's way. Systems such as the Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS), Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) will provide information about the enemy's position in individual buildings and neighborhoods, as well as over the horizon. This information will be fed into the network and immediately shared with brigade, battalion, and company commanders, and even platoon leaders. This networked surveillance increases certainty of information and reduces tactical risk to our Soldiers. In summary, FCS provides enhanced situational awareness.

      On today's battlefield, precision weapons are necessary to defeat enemies who are often intermixed with civilian populations or deeply imbedded in restrictive terrain such as mountainous regions. FCS systems such as the Mounted Combat System - (MCS), Non-Line of Sight-Cannon (NLOS-C) and Non-Line of Sight-"(Mortar (NLOS-M), combined with FCS's unmanned systems and our Soldiers, provide the ability to destroy enemy concentrations as well as enhanced ability to identify combatants interspersed with non-combatants and to engage with precision munitions that reduce the risk of collateral damage or unintended consequences. In summary, FCS increases lethality.

      FCS increases survivability, lethality, and efficiency

      On today's battlefield, Soldiers in complex environments are at risk within vehicles, due to the enemy's use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs), and anti-tank missiles, and on foot, as they navigate complex terrain where the enemy is well hidden and traditional fighting vehicles are largely ineffective.

      FCS reduces that risk by using unmanned vehicles such as the Armed Robotic Vehicle (ARV), Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV), and Multifunctional Utility/Logistics and Equipment Vehicle (MULE) to locate and engage the enemy, identify toxic chemicals, destroy tanks, and disable land mines. FCS manned vehicles are agile, and carry a full suite of hit avoidance technologies such as active protection systems (APS) which allow Soldiers to stay mounted longer, which reduces their risks, before delivering them close to the fight. In summary, FCS increases survivability.

      FCS will allow the Army to find, fix, and finish the enemy on the 21st century irregular battlefield

      On today's battlefield, it is imperative that we maximize the fighting capacity of our force. The FCS (BCT) features smaller, lighter vehicles which quickly transport more combat power to where it's needed. In addition, FCS vehicles will require much less fuel, reducing the number of refueling vehicles. By building many of its systems on a common chassis, the number of mechanics and spares will be reduced. In addition, reduced support requirements mean fewer convoys. Threats from IEDs will be minimized by FCS's sensors and robots. In summary, FCS increases efficiency and reduces the Army's logistics footprint, resulting in fewer support Soldiers and vehicles, thus saving lives and money,

      On today's battlefield, it is important that joint forces and allies are able to work together to defeat a common enemy. The FCS (BCT) is designed to act as a unified combined armed force in the joint environment. FCS will benefit all ground forces, including the Marines, multipurpose, and special operations, through spin outs of FCS technology. In summary, FCS supports the joint environment.

      FCS is a System of Systems

      Because FCS is a system of systems, the whole is more than the sum of its parts. By linking the capabilities of 18 cutting-edge systems with a state-of-the-art network and the unmatched abilities of the American Soldier (18+1+1), FCS will be the fulfillment of the modular force, providing a joint, full-spectrum approach to warfare that will allow the Army to find, fight, and finish the enemy on the 21st century, irregular battlefield.

      (18+1+1) Platform & Sensors

      Manned Ground Vehicles

      Mounted Combat System (MCS)

      The Mounted Combat System (MCS) provides Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Beyond-Line-of-Sight (BLOS) offensive firepower capability allowing BCTs to close with and destroy enemy forces. The MCS delivers precision fires at a rapid rate to destroy multiple targets at standoff ranges quickly and complements the fires of other systems in the BCT. It is highly mobile and maneuvers out of contact to positions of advantage. It is capable of providing direct support to the dismounted infantry in an assault, defeating bunkers, and breaching walls during the tactical assault. The MCS also provides BLOS fires to destroy point targets through the integrated sensor network. This capability enhances SoS lethality and significantly increases the options available to the BCT commander for the destruction of point targets through the integrated fires network. MCS shares a common chassis with the other FCS Manned Ground Vehicles and consists of LW 120mm Cannon and an Ammunition Handling System. XM307 is a secondary armament to be used on the MCS.

      Infantry Carrier Vehicle (ICV)

      The Infantry Carrier Vehicle (ICV) consists of four platform versions: a Company Commander; a Platoon Leader; a Rifle Squad; and a Weapons Squad. All four platform versions appear to be identical from the exterior to prevent targeting of a specific Infantry Carrier Vehicle (ICV) variant type (e.g., Platoon Leader). The Infantry Platoon includes an ICV Platoon Leader variant; three ICV Rifle Squad variants; and an ICV Weapons Squad variant. The ICV Rifle Squad variant and ICV Weapons Squad variant each deliver 9-person infantry squads to a location from which they will conduct a close assault. The ICV will effectively employ weapon systems and rapidly maneuver during blackout, day and night operations, inclement weather, and limited visibility periods. The ICV carries the majority of equipment freeing the individual Soldier to focus on mission. The squad will have access to Army and Joint fire delivery systems from external sources to provide extended range, networked responsive precision or volume fires on demand in support of tactical maneuvers. The ICV can move, shoot, communicate, detect threats, and protect crew and critical components under most land-surface environments. Data transfer with other components of the BCT permits constant update of the common operational picture and rapid identification of targets.

      Non-Line of Sight-Cannon (NLOS-C)

      The Non-Line of Sight-Cannon (NLOS-C) is an indirect fire support component of the System of Systems (SoS) of the FCS (BCT). It will be organic to and provide networked, extended-range, responsive and sustained precision attack of point and area targets in support of the FCS (BCT). It fires a suite of munitions that include special purpose capabilities to provide a variety of effects on demand including precision guided munitions such as the XM982 Excalibur. NLOS-C will provide close support and destructive fires for tactical standoff engagement during both offensive and defensive operations in concert with line-of-sight, beyond-line-of-sight, other NLOS, external and joint capabilities in combat scenarios spanning the spectrum of ground combat and threats.

      Real Systems

      Real Success

      Autonomous Navigation System (ANS)/Stryker Leader/Follower Demonstration Fall 2005

      Software build 1 testing in the System of Systems Integration Laboratory (SoSIL) Summer 2006

      The NLOS-C will be a self propelled howitzer with a two man crew. It will have a 155 mm, Zone 4, 38 caliber cannon, fully automated armament system and a high level of commonality with other MGV variants. It will mount the XM-307 25mm Advanced Crew Served Weapon (ACSW) as its secondary armament and will incorporate a suite of protection measures to enhance crew and platform survivability. The NLOS-C will be deployable worldwide and will operate in a wide range of natural environmental conditions. The cannon will be able to move rapidly, stop quickly, and deliver lethal first round effects on target in record time. The NLOS Cannon will have a multiple round simultaneous impact (MRSI) capability. The MRSI capability, coupled with the NLOS-C superior sustained rate of fire, will provide record effects on target from a smaller number of systems. The cannon, like all Manned Ground Vehicle (MGV) variants, can rapidly rearm and refuel, and its system weight makes it uniquely deployable. Fully automated handling, loading, and firing will be another centerpiece of the NLOS-C. The NLOS-C balances deployability and sustainability with responsiveness, lethality, survivability, agility, and versatility. The NLOS-C will be designed to minimize its logistic and maintenance footprint in the theater of operation and to employ advanced maintenance approaches to increase availability and to support sustainability.

      Non-Line of Sight-Mortar (NLOS-M)

      The Non-Line of Sight-Mortar (NLOS-M) is the short-to-mid-range indirect fire support component of the System of Systems (SoS) of the FCS (BCT). It will be organic to and provide networked, responsive and sustained indirect fire support to the Combined Arms Battalion (CAB) in the FCS Brigade Combat Team (BCT). It fires a suite of 120mm munitions that include special purpose capabilities to provide a variety of fires on demand including precision guided munitions such as Precision Guided Mortar Munitions (PGMM). NLOS-M will provide close support and destructive fires for tactical standoff engagement during both offensive and defensive operations in concert with line-of-sight, beyond-line-of-sight, other NLOS, external and joint capabilities in combat scenarios spanning the spectrum of ground combat and threats.

      The NLOS-M will mount the MGV Advanced Crew Served Weapon (ACSW) as its secondary armament and will incorporate a suite of protection measures to enhance crew and platform survivability. The Section Chief and Driver will occupy the vehicle's Common Crew Station while the remaining crew member will sit immediately to the rear. The current design has the crewmen facing forward during movement and turning their seats rearward when the NLOS-M is emplaced and ready to fire. The primary duties of the rear crewman is to stow ammunition during rearms, prepare the 120mm mortar ammunition for firing by removing and stowing unneeded propellant charges setting the fuze, and inserting the prepared round into the loading device. The semi-automated ammunition handling on the NLOS-M will present the proper round from the magazines to the crewman, after the crew has prepared the ammunition for firing and put it in the loading elevator, load and fire the round. The automated fire control will compute firing data and point the tube. The NLOS-M will be deployable worldwide and will operate in a wide range of climatic conditions. The NLOS-M will have a high level of commonality with other MGV variants and will be designed to minimize its logistic and maintenance footprint in the theater of operation. The NLOS-M will employ advanced maintenance approaches to increase availability and support sustainability.

      Reconnaissance and Surveillance Vehicle (RSV)

      The Reconnaissance and Surveillance Vehicle (RSV) features a suite of advanced sensors to detect, locate, track, classify and automatically identify targets from increased standoff ranges under all climatic conditions, day or night. Included in this suite are a mast-mounted, long-range electro-optic infrared sensor, an emitter mapping sensor for radio frequency (RF) intercept and direction finding, remote chemical detection, and a multifunction RF sensor. The RSV also features the onboard capability to conduct automatic target detection, aided target recognition and level one sensor fusion. To further enhance the scout's capabilities, The RSV is equipped with unattended ground sensors (UGS), a Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV) with various payloads and two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

      Command and Control Vehicle (C2V)

      The Command and Control Vehicle (C2V) is part of the family of manned ground vehicles and is the hub of battlefield command and control. The C2V platform provides the tools for commanders to synchronize their knowledge of combat power with the human dimension of leadership. It is located within the headquarters sections at each echelon of the BCT down to the company level, and with the integrated command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR) suite of equipment, the C2V provides commanders with the ability to command and control on the move.

      Via mission workstations, C2Vs contain the interfaces that allow commanders and their staffs to access Battle Command mission applications including: mission planning and preparation, situation understanding, Battle Command and mission execution, and warfighter-machine interface. These applications enable commanders and their staffs to perform tasks such as fusing friendly, enemy, civilian, weather and terrain situations and distributing this information via a common operating picture. Commanders also utilize the C2V's integrated C4ISR suite to receive, analyze and transmit tactical information both inside and outside the BCT. The C2V can also employ unmanned systems, such as unmanned aerial vehicles to enhance situational awareness throughout the BCT and is slated to use XM 307 ACSW as secondary armament.

      Medical Vehicle-Treatment (MV-T) and Evacuation (MV-E)

      The Medical Vehicle is designed to provide advanced trauma life support within one hour to critically injured Soldiers. The Medical Vehicle serves as the primary medical system within the Brigade Combat Team (BCT) and will have two mission modules: Evacuation and Treatment. The time-sensitive nature of treating critically injured soldiers requires an immediately responsive force health protection system with an expedient field evacuation system. The Medical Vehicle-Evacuation (MV-E) vehicle allows trauma specialists, maneuvering with combat forces, to be closer to the casualty's point-of-injury and is used for casualty evacuation. The Medical Vehicle-Treatment (MV-T) vehicle enhances the ability to provide Advanced Trauma Management (ATM)/Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) treatments and procedures forward for more rapid casualty interventions and clearance of the battlespace. Both Medical Vehicle mission modules will be capable of conducting medical procedures and treatments using installed networked telemedicine interfaces, Medical Communications for Combat Casualty Care (MC4) and the Theater Medical Information Program (TMIP).

      FCS Recovery and Maintenance Vehicle (FRMV)

      The FRMV is the recovery and maintenance system for employment within both the Brigade Combat Team (BCT) and divisions and contributes to sustaining and generating combat power to the Future Force structure. Each BCT will have a small number of 2-3 man Combat Repair Teams within the organic Brigade Support Battalion (BSB) to perform field maintenance requirements beyond the capabilities of the crew chief/crew, more in-depth Battle Damage Assessment Repair (BDAR), and limited recovery operations. The FRMV will carry a crew of three with additional space for two recovered crew members. The weapon system for the FRMV is the Close Combat Armament System (CCAS).

      Non-Line of Sight-Cannon (NLOS-C) Demonstrator firing at Yuma Proving Ground Fall 2006

      Manned Ground Vehicle Common chassis Hybrid Electric Drive and Band Track Demonstrator at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) Fall 2005

      FCS surrogate network vehicle at Joint Expeditionary Force Experiment (JEFX06) Summer 2005

      Unmanned Ground Vehicles

      Armed Robotic Vehicle (ARV)

      The Armed Robotic Vehicle (ARV) is an unmanned 9.5 ton 6x6 Hybrid Electric Drive (HED) Skid Steer vehicle and comes in two variants: the Assault variant and the Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition (RSTA) variant. The two variants share a common chassis. The Assault variant will support the mounted and dismounted forces in the assault with direct fire and anti-tank (AT) weapons providing LOS, BLOS targeting and over-watching fires; remotely occupies key terrain providing ISR/TA reconnaissance capability in MOUT and other battlespace; deploy sensors; locate or by-pass threat obstacles; assess battle damage, and acts as a communications relay. The RSTA version will remotely provide reconnaissance capability supporting Recon and MCS platoons in Urban Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) and other battlespace providing RSTA ISR/TA capability; deploy sensors, locate or by-pass threat obstacles; acts as a communications relay; and remotely assess and report battle damage assessment (BDA).

      Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV)

      The Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV) is a small, lightweight, manportable UGV capable of conducting military operations in urban terrain, tunnels, sewers and caves. The SUGV is an aid in enabling the performance of manpower intensive or high-risk functions (i.e. urban Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions, chemical/Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TIC)/Toxic Industrial Materials (TIM), reconnaissance, etc.) without exposing Soldiers directly to the hazard. The SUGV modular design allows multiple payloads to be integrated in a plug-and-play fashion. Weighing less than 30 pounds, it is capable of carrying up to six pounds of payload weight.

      Multifunctional Utility/Logistics and Equipment (MULE) Vehicle

      The Multifunctional Utility/Logistics and Equipment (MULE) Vehicle is a 2.5-ton Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) that will support dismounted operations. It consists of four major components:

      • Common Mobility platform (CMP)

      • Three Mission Equipment Packages: Mule-Transport, ARV-A-L & Mule-Countermine

      • Centralized Controller (CC) for Dismounted operations

      • Autonomous Navigation System (ANS) mission payload package integrated on MULE platforms, Armed Robotic Vehicles and Manned Ground Vehicles (MGVs) to provide semiautonomous and leader-follower capability

      The Multifunctional Utility/Logistics and Equipment (MULE) Vehicle is sling-loadable under military rotorcraft. The MULE Vehicle has three variants sharing a common chassis: transport, countermine and the Armed Robotic Vehicle (ARV)-Assault-Light (ARV-A-L). The Transport MULE Vehicle (MULE-T) will carry 1,9002,400 pounds of equipment and rucksacks for dismounted infantry squads with the mobility needed to follow squads in complex terrain. The Countermine MULE Vehicle (MULE-CM) will provide the capability to detect, mark and neutralize anti-tank mines by integrating a mine detection mission equipment package from the Ground Standoff Mine Detection System (GSTAMIDS) FCS (BCT) program. The ARV-Assault-Light (ARV-A-L) MULE Vehicle is a mobility platform with an integrated weapons and reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition (RSTA) package to support the dismounted infantry's efforts to locate and destroy enemy platforms and positions. The MULE Common Mobility Platform (CMP) is the program's centerpiece providing superior mobility built around the propulsion and

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