The Complete Guide to Planning Your Estate In Washington A Step-By-Step Plan to Protect Your Assets, Limit Your Taxes, and Ensure Your Wishes Are Fulfilled for Washington Residents

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Estate planning is not only for the wealthy; it is for everyone. It is simply the tep

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ton‘s probate code; Washington rules, regulations, and laws specific to estate planning; our

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elements of a valid Washington will; planning your living will in Washington; and expla-Tax

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Atlantic Publishing Group, Inc.

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The Complete Guide to

Planning Your Estate

In Washington:

A Step-By-Step Plan to Protect Your Assets,

Limit Your Taxes, and Ensure Your Wishes Are

Fulfilled for Washington Residents

By Linda C. Ashar, attorney at law

aPEstateinWa.indb 1

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ThE ComPlETE GuIdE To PlannInG Your EsTaTE In

WashInGTon: a sTEP-BY-sTEP Plan To ProTECT Your

assETs, lImIT Your TaxEs, and EnsurE Your WIshEs

arE FulFIllEd For WashInGTon rEsIdEnTs

Copyright © 2010 Atlantic Publishing Group, Inc.

1405 SW 6th Avenue • Ocala, Florida 34471 • Phone 800-814-1132 • Fax 352-622-1875

Web site: www.atlantic-pub.com • E-mail: sales@atlantic-pub.com SAN Number: 268-1250

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be sent to Atlantic Publishing Group, Inc., 1405 SW 6th Avenue, Ocala, Florida 34471.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ashar, Linda C., 1947-The complete guide to planning your estate in Washington : a step-by-step plan to protect your assets, limit your taxes, and ensure your wishes are fulfilled for Washington residents /

by Linda C. Ashar.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN-13: 978-1-60138-437-9 (alk. paper)

ISBN-10: 1-60138-437-8 (alk. paper)

1. Estate planning--Washington (State) I. Title.

KFW140.A97 2010

332.024’01609797--dc22

2010004088

LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.

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We recently lost our beloved pet Bear, who was not only our best and dearest friend but also the Vice President of Sunshine here at Atlantic Publishing. He did not receive a salary but worked tirelessly 24 hours a day to please his parents. Bear was a rescue dog that turned around and showered myself, my wife, Sherri, his grandparents Jean, Bob, and Nancy, and every person and animal he met (maybe not rabbits) with friendship and love. He made a lot of people smile every day.

We wanted you to know that a portion of the profits of this book will be donated to The Humane Society of the United States. –Douglas & Sherri Brown

The human-animal bond is as old as our work to help companion animals and human history. We cherish our animal wildlife. You will be funding our educational, companions for their unconditional legislative, investigative and outreach projects affection and acceptance. We feel a thrill in the U.S. and across the globe.

when we glimpse wild creatures in their

natural habitat or in our own backyard.

Or perhaps you'd like to make a memorial

donation in honor of a pet, friend or

Unfortunately, the human-animal bond relative? You can through our Kindred Spirits has at times been weakened. Humans have program. And if you'd like to contribute in exploited some animal species to the point a more structured way, our Planned Giving of extinction.

Office has suggestions about estate planning,

annuities, and even gifts of stock that avoid

The Humane Society of the United States capital gains taxes.

makes a difference in the lives of animals here at home and worldwide. The HSUS Maybe you have land that you would like to is dedicated to creating a world where our preserve as a lasting habitat for wildlife. Our relationship with animals is guided by Wildlife Land Trust can help you. Perhaps compassion. We seek a truly humane society the land you want to share is a backyard—

in which animals are respected for their that's enough. Our Urban Wildlife Sanctuary intrinsic value, and where the human-animal Program will show you how to create a bond is strong.

habitat for your wild neighbors.

Want to help animals? We have plenty of So you see, it's easy to help animals. And suggestions. Adopt a pet from a local shelter, The HSUS is here to help.

join The Humane Society and be a part of

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www.hsus.org

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All trademarks, trade names, or logos mentioned or used are the property of their respective owners and are used only to directly describe the products being provided. Every effort has been made to properly capitalize, punctuate, identify, and attribute trademarks and trade names to their respective owners, including the use of ® and ™ wherever possible and practical. Atlantic Publishing Group, Inc. is not a partner, affiliate, or licensee with the holders of said trademarks.

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Washington Facts

In Washington, there is no guarantee that your nomination of guardian will be followed by the court, especially if your wishes are against a surviving parent or if another person or persons petition for guardianship contrary to your will’s provision.

In Washington, a person at least age 18 is of legal age to make a will.

Washington, like most states, provides you must be of sound mind at the time of making the will.

In Washington, you may write your will out by hand or type it and, in all cases, you must sign it before two competent witnesses or affirm your signature with two such witnesses, who each also sign their names.

Joint wills are not expressly recognized in Washington.

Mutual wills are typically created between spouses and recognized in Washington.

Washington also provides a method of depositing your will with the court for safekeeping.

Some states have antilapse laws, while others do not. Washington does.

Washington is included in the states that have community property stipulations.

Washington starts taxing estates valued at $2,000,000 and allows the same deductions as the federal tax estate tax rules.

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Dedication

To my mother, who has steadfastly encouraged me in all things.

– Linda C. Ashar, attorney at law

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Table of Contents

Foreword

15

Introduction

19

Chapter 1: An Introduction to Estate Planning

21

Why Do All This Work? .......................................................... 21

What is an Estate? ................................................................... 22

Property Types ......................................................................... 24

Property Interest: Defined ....................................................... 25

Who Will Help You Plan Your Estate? ..................................... 26

A Closer Look: The Attorney .................................................. 27

A Closer Look: The Financial Planner ..................................... 27

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8

The Complete Guide to Planning Your Estate In Washington A Closer Look: The Accountant .............................................. 30

A Closer Look: The Insurance Agent ....................................... 32

Getting Started with Your Estate Plan ..................................... 33

Your Method for Success ......................................................... 34

Are You Ready?........................................................................ 39

Chapter 2: What Are You Worth?

41

What is Your Home Worth? .................................................... 42

What Other Property is Out There? ........................................ 44

Real Property Beyond Real Estate ............................................ 45

Your Debts: Subtracting Debt from Property........................... 49

What Does the Future Hold in Worth? ................................... 51

Factoring in Settlement Costs .................................................. 53

Chapter 3: Your Will:

The Definition of Your Estate Plan

55

Your Will is a Backup .............................................................. 57

Getting Your Will Started ........................................................ 60

Developing a Will ................................................................... 68

What Cannot be Included in a Will? ....................................... 72

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Table of Contents

9

Additional Will Contents and Concerns .................................. 74

Monitoring Your Will Throughout Your Life........................... 82

Your Will’s Status .................................................................... 84

Chapter 4: Laws That You Have to Deal With

87

Abatement Statutes and Laws .................................................. 88

Antilapse Statutes .................................................................... 92

Ademption Statutes ................................................................ 92

Death and Divorce: Two Common Considerations ................. 94

Sometimes Laws Get in the Way No Matter What .................. 97

Chapter 5: Probate: Avoid It at All Costs

105

The Cost of Probate ................................................................ 107

Avoid It if Possible ................................................................... 110

Can Probate Be a Good Thing? ............................................... 115

Chapter 6: Will Substitutions

That Can Conserve Your Estate

119

When to Consider Substitutes ................................................. 120

Which Will Substitute Should You Consider? ......................... 121

What is Joint Tenancy with Survivorship? ............................... 121

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10 The Complete Guide to Planning Your Estate In Washington What is a Living Trust? ............................................................ 125

Joint Tenancy Bank Accounts .................................................. 130

Payable-on-death Accounts ...................................................... 130

Other Will Substitutes ............................................................. 132

Summing It Up ....................................................................... 134

Chapter 7: Trusts: Trusting and Your Estate

137

How Trusts Work .................................................................... 138

Trusts for Couples ................................................................... 140

Creating the Trust ................................................................... 140

Making Your Trust Valid ......................................................... 146

Abstract of Trust ...................................................................... 149

Summing It Up ....................................................................... 149

Chapter 8: Taxes: Estate Tax and Other Taxes

151

Federal Estate Tax Exemptions ................................................ 152

State Estate Tax and Inheritance Tax ........................................ 154

Gift Tax ................................................................................... 155

GSTT — Generation Skipping Transfer Tax ........................... 157

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Table of Contents

11

Estate Recovery Act ................................................................. 158

How is Inherited Property Valued? .......................................... 159

Chapter 9: Lowering Your Federal Estate Taxes 161

Making Gifts During Your Life ............................................... 162

AB Trusts ................................................................................ 164

Is There Anything Else? ........................................................... 168

Disclaiming Gifts .................................................................... 171

Chapter 10: A Comprehensive Estate Plan:

Putting the Insurance Pieces Together

175

Insurance Protection................................................................ 176

Types of Insurance Coverage ................................................... 179

Life Insurance and Taxes .......................................................... 188

Summing It Up ....................................................................... 190

Chapter 11: Planning for Long-term Care

193

It Will Not Happen to Me ...................................................... 193

Medical Decisions to Consider ................................................ 194

Final Arrangements ................................................................. 200

Making Financial Decisions .................................................... 202

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12 The Complete Guide to Planning Your Estate In Washington Chapter 12: Your Estate

Plan and Your Retirement Money

207

First, Invest ............................................................................. 207

Into Your Estate Plan ............................................................... 208

Planning for Your Retirement Funds ....................................... 210

Chapter 13: What Happens When…?

223

Children and Estates ............................................................... 223

What Happens with Divorce? ................................................. 231

Chapter 14: Putting It All Together

233

Step 1: Why Are You Planning? ............................................... 233

Step 2: What Do I Want to Cover? .......................................... 234

Step 3: Who Are Your Beneficiaries? ........................................ 235

Step 4: Caring for Your Children ............................................. 236

Step 5: Determine Where You Are Currently ........................... 237

Step 6: Who is Your Team? ...................................................... 238

Step 7: Whom Should You Tell? .............................................. 239

Step 8: Did You Get Everything? ............................................. 239

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Table of Contents

13

Step 9: Revisit Your Estate Plan Yearly or More ....................... 241

Step 10: Work to Accomplish Your Goals ................................ 242

Conclusion

243

Appendix A

245

Appendix B

249

Living Will .............................................................................. 249

Designation of Health Care Surrogate ..................................... 252

Power of Attorney ................................................................... 254

Considerations in Planning Your Estate ................................... 257

Tentative Tax ........................................................................... 280

Appendix C

281

Glossary of Terms

323

Bibliography

329

Author Biography

331

Index

333

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14 The Complete Guide to Planning Your Estate In Washington Seattle, Washington

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Foreword

Just mentioning the need for an estate plan often throws people into an instant state of guilt over not having one and confusion about how to start. What information is required? Which professionals should be contacted? What decisions need to be made? For most people, it is just easier to put it off — again. Throughout my 18 years of practicing estate planning law, I constantly compared the ease of administering a clear estate plan to the turmoil caused when a family member died without a plan.

One of the best gifts, and certainly the last gift, a person leaves his or her family is a well-planned estate.

It is never too early to start thinking about an estate plan. The sooner a plan is started, the more options are available to the client. For example, life insurance frequently is an important component of a good plan, and policies are cheaper at a younger age. Starting relatively early in life usually means there is less financial information to organize, and updating becomes a lifelong habit. Moreover, clearly stating health care wishes and appointing a person to direct them are important at every age because accidents happen. The trauma of an accident is exacerbated when sensitive aPEstateinWa.indb 15

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16 The Complete Guide to Planning Your Estate In Washington health care decisions must be made on assumptions, leaving family members, doctors, or even judges guessing about the patient’s values.

The Complete Guide to Planning Your Estate In Washington is the perfect companion in the planning process. It explains the information needed to start — what assets are included in the estate, the effect of debt, who can help — and how to obtain that information. The terminology and options involved with probate, trusts, insurance, and the estate tax can be overwhelming. In my experience, many clients leave their first meeting with a professional feeling dazed. With The Complete Guide to Planning Your Estate In Washington, clients can enter the meeting with an understanding of the process and know they have a resource to refer to every step along the way.

Estate planning is a combination of federal tax law and state administration law. Any guide must include the fundamentals of the tax provisions and property transfer options, but also the particular rules specific to each state. Not following the state laws can cause delay and additional fees to correct mistakes, or worse, could invalidate portions of a plan. This guide is designed to inform Washington residents of their options and the rules for implementing their plans.

Recently, Stieg Larsson, the bestselling Swedish author, wrote all three books of the Millennium trilogy and died of a heart attack before any were published. They are a huge hit, resulting in millions of kroners in Larsson’s estate. Who receives the money? He lived with a woman for years; she was his life companion, but they never married. He did have a will prepared years ago giving the money to an organization, but he never signed it. As in Washington, Sweden has intestate laws that decide who receives a deceased person’s assets in the event there is not a will. Under these laws, Larsson’s father and brother are very wealthy men.

If you don’t have an estate plan, get started.

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Foreword

17

Kim L. Allen-Niesen

Kim L. Allen-Niesen practiced estate planning law for 18 years. She attended Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California, Berkeley, and then practiced estate planning for several years in large law firms in Los Angeles before opening her own practice. Allen-Niesen owned her own practice for 12 years and retired in 2007.

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18 The Complete Guide to Planning Your Estate In Washington The Hoh Rain Forest, Olympic National Park, Washington aPEstateinWa.indb 18

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Introduction

Your estate is what you have worked to develop over your lifetime. You deserve to make decisions about the distribution of your property and your money.

Using this book as a guide, with its easy-to-understand language, you will learn how to plan your estate legally.

With a will in hand and a plan for your estate, you can be assured that your wishes will be met and that you have taken the steps to:

• Protect your loved ones from taxes that can literally take most of your estate.

• Give your favorite charities the funds you want them to have.

• Save your survivors from making decisions about your estate.

• Provide for your loved ones.

An estimated 60 percent of people die without a will or any type of estate plan. That means that the government settles the estate and, if there are no clearly defined heirs, the state takes everything.

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20 The Complete Guide to Planning Your Estate In Washington Your estate plan is a living document that changes with you. As your life moves forward, your estate plan can provide for life changes. By getting your wishes down on paper now, you take care of everyone who is important to you, no matter what happens, so that they have the funds they need to live without you.

This simple, easy-to-follow book will help you to understand each step of the estate process and allow you to protect those you love.

Spokane, Washington

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Chapter 1

An Introduction to Estate Planning

Why Do All This Work?

If you want to decide what happens to your money and possessions, you need to do it through your estate plan.

When you plan your estate, you can accomplish several important things: 1. Because of a rising divorce rate and people’s choices of lifestyle, the normal family today may include numbers of people whom the law will not take into consideration when examining what in your estate will be covered by your estate plan.

2. You cut or eliminate the amount the government takes from your estate in the form of taxes, fees, and costs.

3. You protect your business. An estate plan can help the business stay open and thriving with structured succession planning.

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22 The Complete Guide to Planning Your Estate In Washington CASE STuDY: JANICE ENgELBERTh

Warsaw, IN

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What is the most important thing for others to consider, E STU

based on your experience, when it comes to planning DIE

an estate?

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Learn about the taxes that are due for the estate and when irectly from the experts

they are due.

My husband’s health did not allow him to sign documents, and even though I had the power of attorney, I could not sign his name on real estate documents.

I made sure there was one bank account with the minimum amount kept in it for cashing government checks, and I found that process to be a challenge, too.

If one is able, prepay funeral expenses so that this burden does not happen later.

I also found that it was important to make sure that all people involved have a medical directive, as this could be a potential problem when something happens. We established all these things in an effort to make the process after death easier.

When you completed the process, did you feel secure?

Yes, I did feel like I was in a better place for whatever comes. It was worth the effort to know that everything was planned. We worked through a lawyer who specialized in trusts. Before, we had almost al our holdings in joint ownership accounts. In 2000, each of us had a trust. In 2006, it was revised because of health issues. We wanted to sell real estate, and he could not write his name to sign the documents. If we did not have the trust, our four children would have had to sell property quickly to pay the almost $250,000 in taxes that would be due.

What is an Estate?

Often, people think they do not have enough of an estate to have to worry about planning. However, if you have a home, other assets, credit card debt, or heirs, you need to plan your estate. Your estate consists of everything that belongs to you. Here are some items that come into play when planning your estate:

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Chapter 1: an Introduction to Estate Planning 23

• Actual money: This includes cash that you may have, as well as checking and savings accounts.

• Certificates of deposit.

• Your investment portfolio: Stocks, mutual funds, and bonds.

• Your retirement funds: Pension funds, 401(k), IRAs, and any other money that has been reserved for retirement.

• Profit-sharing funds with employer.

• Your house, vehicles, boats, equipment, livestock, and all property inside your home, including clothing, furniture, appliances, your jewelry, and other valuables.

• Insurance products: Life insurance, especially.

• Your business: Any funds or ownership interest of your business.

• Annuities that you may have coming to you.

• Anything else that you have that you consider valuable, either sentimentally or monetarily.

One important note is that your estate planning will likely include both positive and negative balance amounts. For example, it will include all the items listed above as positive balances, provided they do not carry a loan or a negative balance. A mortgage on your home or other real estate you own is a negative amount because it means you owe money on it. Principal equity in the property, though, is a positive. In addition to