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    Shepherd's Notes: Exodus
    Shepherd's Notes: Exodus
    Shepherd's Notes: Exodus
    Ebook168 pages2 hours

    Shepherd's Notes: Exodus

    By Robert Lintzenich

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    About this ebook

    You grew up using the well known black and yellow striped Cliff's Notes to help you grasp everything from great literary works to algebra. Unfortunately, what "Cliff" forgot was the greatest literary work in history: the complete Holy Bible. Enjoy the ease of understanding the Bible like never before, book by book. Shepherd's notes helps reader's learn about the inspired authors of the Bible books and when and where they were first penned. Each Bible book is revealed in simple understandable steps that outline and underscore the focal points and personalities of the biblical text. You'll look to these unique books for their use in Bible studies, teaching, personal devotions and even in sermon preperation! Christian and home schools will find Shepherd's Notes an invaluable resource.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherBH Publishing Group
    Release dateDec 1, 1997
    ISBN9781433670879
    Shepherd's Notes: Exodus

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      Book preview

      Shepherd's Notes - Robert Lintzenich

      INTRODUCTION

      The Book of Exodus is the story of two covenant partners—God and Israel. Exodus narrates how Israel became the people of God and sets forth the covenant terms by which the nation was expected to live as God's people.

      The name Exodus in Greek means a going out. It was the title the early Greek translation, the Septuagint, gave to the second book of the Hebrew Torah.

      The most important event in the Old Testament historically and theologically is Israel's deliverance from slavery in Egypt. Yet the liberation from Egypt is incomplete without the covenant at Mount Sinai.

      Exodus can be considered the central book of the Old Testament since it reports God's basic saving act for Israel in the Exodus from Egypt and His making of His covenant with the nation destined to be His kingdom of priests.

      AUTHOR

      There is no statement in the book itself or in the rest of the Bible that Moses wrote the Book of Exodus. Nevertheless, the Old and New Testaments reflect the view that the Pentateuch was a unified work of a single author, Moses (Josh. 1:7–8; 8:31; 23:6; 1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 14:6; 2Chron. 34:14; Neh. 8:1; 13:1; Luke 20:28; John 1:45; Acts 3:22).

      Jesus introduced a quotation of Exod. 20:12 and 21:17 with the statement, Moses said (Mark 7:10), and cited Exod. 3:6 as coming from the book of Moses. This viewpoint was echoed by early Christian and Jewish tradition, which knew this book as The Second Book of Moses Called Exodus.

      AUDIENCE

      After forty years of wilderness wandering, the Israelites were about to cross the Jordan River and begin the conquest and settlement of Canaan. The old, rebellious generation had died. The new generation had to hear and respond to the covenant that God had made with their parents at Sinai. Moses must inform God's people of their identity and focus.

      PURPOSE

      The story of the Exodus would educate the people of Israel about their identity, their history, their role among the nations, and their future. The sovereign God of all nations had overthrown Egypt and redeemed Israel. God was offering to this one nation a covenant that would allow them the privilege of serving all peoples as a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.

      STRUCTURE AND CONTENT

      The story of Exodus consists of six magnificent scenes, each of them revealing something about Israel's God. The six scenes, however, can be grouped into three main episodes. First, the people are brought from Egypt to Mount Sinai. Second, they are presented with the covenant laws and instructions. Finally, the covenant relationship between God and people is established, broken, restored, and renewed.

      THEOLOGY

      The theology of Exodus is rooted in redemption and servanthood. It centers in the truth that a chosen people were delivered from bondage to a hostile power by the mighty works of the Lord. Yet their redemption brought them to a point of decision. What would they do with God's offer to make them the servant people that had been promised long ago to Abraham? Their willing acceptance of this generous offer then obligated them to its conditions—conditions that were spelled out in the Ten Commandments and the Book of the Covenant.

      Exodus defines the character of the covenant partners: God and Israel. God's character is revealed both through His name and His acts. Israel's character is defined by the people's reaction to the Sinai covenant. If it were accepted and lived out, the covenant would result in Israel's being God's treasured possession, a chosen kingdom of priests, and a holy nation.

      The grand theme of the Pentateuch is restoration. God chooses to restore His people to a position in which they can have a relationship with Him. The thematic focus of Exodus is redemption. God redeems Israel from slavery and offers them a covenant relationship in which they will become a channel of reconciliation to an alienated world.

      The meaning of Exodus must be understood within its position in the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Old Testament.

      THE MEANING OF EXODUS FOR TODAY

      The Exodus deliverance is to the Old Testament what the death and resurrection of Christ are to the New Testament: the central, definitive act in which God intervenes to save His people. Just as the proclamation of God's saving acts in the Exodus is prominent in Israel's worship (Ps. 136:10–16), so Christian worship focuses on God's saving act in Christ.

      The Exodus deliverance, the Sinai covenant, and the wilderness journey all provide models of the Christian life. The believer, having already and unconditionally been adopted into the family of God, undertakes his or her own exodus from bondage to sin and evil. God's saving act in Christ is the basis for the Christian's hope of future salvation (Rom. 8:28–39).

      The Exodus story illustrates how God's acts of redemption call for a response from God's people. Each individual today must make a choice at a personal Mount Sinai, a choice to accept or reject servanthood under a new covenant. God's saving act in Christ is the basis for the call to live a Christlike life.

      When the Israelites accepted the Sinai covenant, they were still in the wilderness, far from the Promised Land. Acceptance for believers means living out their kingdom pilgrimage in the wilderness of this world system. Yet they are not alone on the pilgrimage, for God guides, protects, and abides within them as they press toward and anticipate the eternal Land of Promise to come.

      For when I brought your forefathers out of Egypt and spoke to them, I did not just give them commands about burnt offerings and sacrifices, but I gave them this command: Obey me, and I will be your God and you will be my people (Jer. 7:22–23).

      In the meeting with Israel at Mount Sinai, God demanded that the people live under the conditions of the covenant. He demands that same adherence to His unchanging standards of all who call themselves His people. The statutes designed specifically for Old Testament Israel exemplify standards of holiness and integrity that are part and parcel of God's expectations for His people throughout history.

      EXODUS 1

      The first section of the Book of Exodus, 1:1–13:16, focuses on the saving presence of God. That presence would eventually result in the liberation of Israel from Egyptian slavery.

      GOD'S PRESENCE WITH HIS OPPRESSED PEOPLE (1:1–22)

      The Book of Genesis ends with Joseph taking his father's family into Egypt to avoid the harsh sufferings of famine. The Book of Exodus takes up the story of the children of Jacob in Egypt. God had preserved Israel from famine when He sent Joseph to Egypt. Now God preserves His people through the oppression of slavery.

      The Hyksos Pharaohs

      The Hyksos were not native Egyptians. Later Egyptians tried to erase all evidence of the period when the Hyksos ruled Egypt. Joseph was related ethnically to the Semitic Hyksos rulers, and it is likely that he served a Hyksos pharaoh. The later Egyptian pharaoh who did not know about Joseph (1:8) did not know about him in a political or historical sense. Neither would an Egyptian pharaoh have considered Joseph to be significant, since native Egyptians regarded Semites with contempt.

      God Prospers His Oppressed People (1:1–7)

      The Exodus story begins by recalling the descent of Jacob and his sons to Egypt, first recounted in Gen. 46. The link to Genesis reminds us that God sent Israel into Egypt to deliver them from famine. Now, their prosperity and success in their new land (Exod. 1:7) shows that Israel is still receiving God's blessing, as promised to Abraham, I will make you into a great nation (Gen. 12:2).

      Oppressed by Forced Labor and Extermination (1:8–22)

      Egyptian hospitality did not long outlive Joseph. When Joseph, second in command to Pharaoh, had delivered Egypt from famine, the Israelites were welcomed in the land. But in the Book of Exodus, Egypt was now under a new pharaoh who did not know about Joseph (1:8), and the Israelites were feared as foreigners. Egypt's welcome turned to bitter hostility and oppression.Fear

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