Everand Logo

Welcome to Everand!

  • Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

    Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

    Hypoventilation Syndromes, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Hypoventilation Syndromes, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Hypoventilation Syndromes, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook136 pages1 hour

    Hypoventilation Syndromes, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

    ()

    Read preview

    About this ebook

    This book describes Hypoventilation Syndromes, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
    Hypoventilation Syndrome is common in many sedentary and obese people all over the world

    Hypoventilation Syndrome or Alveolar hypoventilation is a rare disorder in which a person does not take enough breaths per minute.
    The lungs and airways are normal.
    Hypoventilation Syndrome (also called Respiratory depression) is a breathing disorder characterized by slow and ineffective breathing.
    By definition it causes a higher concentration of carbon dioxide (hyper-capnia) and respiratory acidosis.
    Hypoventilation is not the same as respiratory arrest, in which breathing ceases completely and death happens within minutes due to hypoxia and leads rapidly into complete anoxia.
    Hypoventilation can be a precursor to hypoxia and its lethality is due to hypoxia with carbon dioxide toxicity.
    When someone is suffering from respiratory depression (also known as hypoventilation), the amount of air that they breathe in (tidal volume) is not enough to allow for normal gas exchange to take place, leading to a higher level of CO2 and lower level of O2 in the body.
    The higher level of CO2 leads to a state of more acidic blood which can cause any number of body systems to fail.
    During hypoventilation, the body cannot adequately remove carbon dioxide.
    This can lead to poor use of oxygen by lungs.
    The result is a higher level of carbon dioxide and too little oxygen available to the body.
    Hypoventilation is different from hyperventilation.
    Hyperventilation is when the patient breathe too quickly, lowering levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.
    Possible causes of hypoventilation are:
    1. Neuromuscular diseases (cause weakening of muscles that control breathing)
    2. Chest wall deformities (interfere with the ability to inhale and exhale)
    3. Severe obesity (causes the body to work harder to breathe)
    4. Brain injury (interferes with the brain’s ability to control basic functions like breathing)
    5. Obstructive sleep apnea (collapses airway during sleep)
    6. Chronic lung disease (describes conditions like COPD and cystic fibrosis that lead to blocked airways)
    7. Stroke in the brainstem or other brainstem injuries (the brainstem is essential for breathing control)
    8. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome
    9. Smoking tobacco can also lead to narrowing or inflammation of the airways, which in turn could cause hypoventilation
    10. Hypo-capnia- a condition of low CO2 in the blood.
    CO2 is released during exhalation so the body automatically slows breathing to conserve CO2
    11. Chronic mountain sickness (an illness acquired from living at high altitudes)
    12. Morbid obesity
    Hypoventilation can also occur as a side effect of certain medications.
    Large doses of central nervous system depressant drugs may slow down the respiratory system.
    Symptoms are:
    1. Bluish coloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen
    2. Daytime drowsiness
    3. Fatigue
    4. Morning headaches
    5. Swelling of the ankles
    6. Waking up from sleep without sufficient rest
    7. Waking up many times at night
    Diagnosis:
    Blood gases measure the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen, and the acid/base balance in the bloodstream
    Chest x-ray or CT scan: imaging test that checks for abnormalities of the chest
    Treatment
    Hypoventilation Syndrome is a treatable condition.
    1.A new respiratory stimulant drug called BIMU8 is being studied which is considerably more effective
    2.Mechanical devices that help breathing may be useful (CPAP).
    3.Oxygen treatment may help in a few people
    4.When medicine triggers hypoventilation, stopping the medicine may restore normal breathing.
    5.Weight loss
    6.Surgery to correct a chest deformity
    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Hypoventilation Syndromes
    Chapter 2 Causes
    Chapter 3 Sym

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateMay 23, 2019
    ISBN9780463184844
    Hypoventilation Syndromes, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

    Read more from Kenneth Kee

    Related to Hypoventilation Syndromes, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    Related ebooks

    Wellness For You

    View More
    View More

    Related podcast episodes

    Related articles

    • Article

      Snore No More

      Aug 20, 2022

      Snore No More
      4 min read

    • Article

      Long Covid 101

      Oct 20, 2023

      ◗ Why do you believe Covid is not a respiratory disease but a vascular disease? By about January 2020, we had the first reports from China about this terrible disease. There was a high mortality rate and the mode of death, in the end, was the same: r

      11 min read

    • Article

      Living With Long COVID

      Aug 31, 2021

      Living With Long COVID
      3 min read

    • Article

      Just Breathe

      Nov 19, 2022

      Just Breathe
      6 min read

    • Article

      Fatigue Can Wreck You

      Aug 17, 2023

      Fatigue Can Wreck You
      14 min read

    • Article

      The ABC Of Copd

      Feb 11, 2023

      ↘ Regular exposure to throat irritants causes inflammation and obstruction in the airways. When the obstruction gets severe, breathing becomes difficult. This condition is known as COPD. ↘ According to the global burden of disease (GBD) data in 2019,

      1 min read

    • Article

      Insomniacs, Wake Up!

      Apr 18, 2018

      Insomniacs, Wake Up!
      2 min read

    • Article

      All Choked Up

      Feb 28, 2020

      All Choked Up
      7 min read

    • Article

      Every breath YOU TAKE

      Aug 25, 2019

      Every breath YOU TAKE
      3 min read

    • Article

      How I heal...asthma

      May 24, 2020

      How I heal...asthma
      4 min read

    • Article

      Sick of Altitude

      Apr 1, 2019

      Sick of Altitude
      4 min read

    • Article

      Looking Further

      Oct 25, 2021

      Looking Further
      2 min read

    • Article

      Every breath YOU TAKE

      Aug 14, 2019

      Every breath YOU TAKE
      3 min read

    • Article

      Your Daily Breath

      Aug 14, 2019

      Your Daily Breath
      7 min read

    • Article

      Take a BREATH

      Oct 9, 2019

      Take a BREATH
      3 min read

    • Article

      Doctor’s Orders

      Oct 20, 2022

      For most people, COVID-19 is a mild infection that improves over a few days to a week or so. The majority who have had the virus make a full recovery by 12 weeks. But around one in five patients may develop Long COVID symptoms. Within this group, mos

      1 min read

    • Article

      Doctor’s Orders

      Oct 20, 2022

      For most people, COVID-19 is a mild infection that improves over a few days to a week or so. The majority who have had the virus make a full recovery by 12 weeks. But around one in five patients may develop Long COVID symptoms. Within this group, mos

      1 min read

    • Article

      Take a BREATH

      Oct 20, 2019

      Take a BREATH
      3 min read

    • Article

      Tired Of Feeling Tired?

      Feb 14, 2023

      Susannah Hickling is twice winner of the Guild of Health Writers Best Consumer Magazine Health Feature A lack of this important mineral can leave you devoid of energy. You might get other symptoms too, such as shortness of breath and palpitations. Ir

      2 min read

    • Article

      + Doctor’s Orders

      Mar 3, 2022

      For most people, COVID-19 is a mild infection that improves over a few days to a week or so. The majority who have had the virus make a full recovery by 12 weeks. But around one in five patients with COVID-19 may develop long COVID symptoms. Within t

      1 min read

    • Article

      Coping with... A CHRONIC COUGH

      Aug 26, 2020

      Coughing is caused by irritation of the respiratory tract, resulting in muscular spasms of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in an attempt to clear mucus. Most coughs are due to mild viral upper respiratory infections, which will settle over five

      2 min read

    • Article

      Health Now

      Jul 15, 2019

      A yawn could be more than just a sign of tiredness: it might be signalling something else, such as: If you’re a migraine-sufferer, keep track of how much you’re yawning. Yawns have been identified as an early warning sign of an impending attack, so i

      4 min read

    • Article

      Ultimate Power

      Jan 14, 2020

      Ultimate Power
      7 min read

    • Article

      Your Health

      Dec 5, 2019

      THIS MONTH: Is yawning dangerous? • Stopping the spread of an infection • Husband’s bedroom problem Q As part of the battle against the middle-aged spread, I’ve started trying to do more exercise. But I’ve noticed when I’m in a Zumba or spinning cla

      2 min read

    • Article

      diabetes

      Dec 15, 2018

      diabetes
      2 min read

    Related categories

    Reviews for Hypoventilation Syndromes, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    0 ratings

    0 ratings0 reviews

    What did you think?

    Tap to rate

    Review must be at least 10 words

      Book preview

      Hypoventilation Syndromes, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Hypoventilation Syndromes,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2019 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Hypoventilation Syndromes, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What You Need to Treat Hypoventilation Syndromes)

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiography account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on my other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Hypoventilation Syndrome

      What is Hypoventilation Syndrome?

      Hypoventilation Syndrome or Alveolar hypoventilation is a rare disorder in which a person does not take enough breaths per minute.

      The lungs and airways are normal.

      Hypoventilation Syndrome (Respiratory depression) is a breathing disorder characterized by slow and ineffective breathing.

      By definition it causes a higher concentration of carbon dioxide (hyper-capnia) and respiratory acidosis.

      Hypoventilation is not the same as respiratory arrest, in which breathing ceases completely and death happens within minutes due to hypoxia and leads rapidly into complete anoxia.

      Hypoventilation can be a precursor to hypoxia and its lethality is due to hypoxia with carbon dioxide toxicity.

      During a normal breathing cycle, the patient inhales oxygen into the lungs.

      The blood carries the oxygen around the body, delivering it to the tissues.

      The blood then takes the carbon dioxide, a waste product, back to the lungs.

      The carbon dioxide exits the body when the patient exhales.

      Inhalation occurs when the muscles used for breathing are engaged, or working to pull air in.

      When someone is suffering from respiratory depression (also known as hypoventilation), the amount of air that they breathe in (tidal volume) is not enough to allow for normal gas exchange to take place, leading to a higher level of CO2 and lower level of O2 in the body.

      When they relax, exhalation occurs passively.

      If something causes a person to not breathe as deeply, they will not exhale enough causing a build up of CO2 in the body.

      The higher level of CO2 leads to a state of more acidic blood which can cause any number of body systems to fail.

      During hypoventilation, the body cannot adequately remove carbon dioxide.

      This can lead to poor use of oxygen by lungs.

      The result is a higher level of carbon dioxide and too little oxygen available to the body.

      Hypoventilation is different from hyperventilation.

      Hyperventilation is when the patient breathe too quickly, lowering levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.

      The disease mainly involves men 20 to 50 years old.

      It may also happen in children.

      What are the causes of Hypoventilation Syndrome?

      Causes

      Normally, when the oxygen level in the blood is reduced or the carbon dioxide level is raised, there is a signal from the brain to breathe more deeply or quickly.

      In people with Hypoventilation Syndrome, this change in breathing does not happen.

      The cause of this condition is not known.

      Some people have a specific genetic defect.

      Hypoventilation Syndrome or Respiratory depression can occur for several reasons.

      Possible causes of hypoventilation are:

      1. Neuromuscular diseases (cause weakening of muscles that control breathing)

      2. Chest wall deformities (interfere with the ability to inhale and exhale)

      3. Severe obesity (causes the body to work harder to breathe)

      4. Brain injury (interferes with the brain’s ability to control basic functions like breathing)

      5. Obstructive sleep apnea (collapses airway during sleep)

      6. Chronic lung disease (describes conditions like COPD and cystic fibrosis that lead to blocked airways)

      7. Stroke in the brainstem or other brainstem injuries (the brainstem is essential for breathing control)

      8. Congenital central

      Enjoying the preview?
      Page 1 of 1