In the last couple of episodes we have talked about Arduino shields and breakout boards. In this video, we will review a specific Arduino shield that makes developing projects and debugging sketches on the Arduino extremely easy - it's called Dr. Duino.Arduino Shield for Arduino Shields The Dr. Duino is an Arduino Shield. As would expect, it fits snuggly on top of the Arduino headers and has pin headers of it's own, which can easily accept a shield on top. The first thing you notice about Dr. Duino is that it's built like a doughnut - it's got a giant hole in the middle! (FYI - It does not taste like said pastry…) There are a couple reasons for this form factor, but foremost is that even after you stack another shield on top of Dr. Duino, you still have easy physical access to all its resources. Dr. Duino Hardware Resources What resources are we talking about? Dr. Duino has 4 momentary pushbuttons, 5 LEDs, 6 potentiometers, an RS232 connector, and a bunch of access points for 5 volts, 3.3 volts and ground, oh yeah, and a siren (piezo buzzer). So how do you access these resources and why would you even care to? Both great questions! The core feature that allows us to use all the hardware I just talked about are groups of three “jumper” pins that surround the board. Almost every pin on the Arduino is associated with a set of these jumper pins. The middle pin is connected directly to the Arduino pin. The pin on the left is connected to the pin header on top of the Dr. Duino. The pin on the right is connected to the one of the hardware resources on the Dr. Duino board. With each set of these three jumper pins we get a plastic encased "jumper" - it fits snug on top 2 pins, and electrically connects them together. For every Arduino pin that has associated Dr. Duino jumper pins we have 2 decisions: 1) We can route the Arduino pin to the shield above by connecting the center pin to the jumper pin on the left. This passes the Arduino pin directly up to the shield if you have one attached, bypassing the Dr. Duino. 2) Or, we can route the Arduino pin to the resource on the Dr. Duino shield, bypassing the shield above. Each pin has a different "resource" or piece of hardware that you can use. Here is a quick mnemonic for remembering how to place the “jumper” on the “jumper pins” – Left goes Up (to the shield above), Right goes to Down (to the Dr. Duino). Digital pins 5, 6, 10, 11, and 13 have LEDs attached. Digital Pins 7, 8, 9 and 12 have momentary pushbuttons attached. Analog pins A0 - A5 have potentiometers attached and digital pin 3 is attached to the piezo buzzer. All these asset are extremely helpful. For example, let's say I am prototyping with a motor shield. What I want is for every time I press a button, then a servo moves 180 degrees. Instead of having to bust out a breadboard and jumper wires, I simply move a jumper on the Dr. Duino and I now have a preinstalled button. As long as the shield is not using that pin for anything, it's fair game to route that pin to the Dr. Duino. Or, maybe I want to turn a potentiometer to get the servo to move. Once again - scrap the breadboard - just move a jumper on one of the analog pins and you have a built in potentiometer - in fact, every analog pin has its own dedicated potentiometer! Trying to put 6 potentiometers on a breadboard and run jumpers is a major pain - having these built right in and so compact is great. Potentiometers are great for simulating sensor inputs too. Say you are developing a project that lights up LEDs based on inputs from a pressure sensor - but you don't have the sensor yet. No worries - just use the potentiometer built in to the Dr. Duino to simulate the input from the pressure sensor. Another great resource is the piezo buzzer. Most of us get used to using the serial window to debug our sketches. For example - we use the Serial .print() function to send a value to the serial monitor window when some threshold is met. What this ends up doing is dividing our