HYDRAULIC MACHINES III

TURBINES

Solution by DF Sozinando, Mechanical Eng. student at Vaal University of Technology

NOTE: Reaction turbine is categorized in two forms based on the geometry / flow as : Inward flow reaction turbine and outward flow reaction turbine. A Francis turbine (named after an Am erican Engineer, Jam es B Francis) is an example of an inward flow reaction turbine. Modern Francis turbines can handle a supply head between 60m and 250m and it is regarded as medium head turbine. In an inward flow reaction turbine, the inlet is through the external diameter and the outlet is through the inner diameter (i.e. the flow of fluid is towards the runner centre) while in outward flow reaction turbine, the inlet is through the inner diameter and outlet is through the external diam eter (i.e. the fluid enters the guide vanes at the centre and flow radially outwards into the runner). The maximum energy transferred to the runner U V w1 occur when V w2 = 0 and Hth = E = . g Be aware about the hydraulic and ovarall efficiency of the turbine and pelton wheel they differs; pelton wheel Hth Hth Psh Hth Psh hyd = , when nozzle excluded hyd = and ova = ; turbine hyd = and ova = , hj hp hp Q H H Q Psh Mechanical efficiency is the same for both cases mech = . Pth

TUTORIAL 2
1- An inward flow reaction turbine has external and internal diameter as 1.2m and 0.6m , respec tively. The velocity of flow through the runner is constant and is equal to 1.8m/s. Determ ine the discharge through the runner and the width at outlet if the width at inlet is 20cm .

Solution: d1 := 1.2m d2 := 0.6m vr := 1.8 m s m s

3

vf := vr

b 1 := 20cm

d1 r1 := 2

d2 r2 := 2

Q := 2 r1 b 1 vf b 2 := 1m Given Q = 2 r2 b 2 vf

Q = 1.357

b 2 := Find b 2

( )

b 2 = 40 cm

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