HYDRAULIC MACHINES III

TURBINES

Solution by DF Sozinando, Mechanical Eng. student at Vaal University of Technology

5- An outward flow reaction turbine has internal and external diameter as 0.5m and 1m, respectively. The guide vane angle is 15 and velocity of flow through the runner is constant and is equal to 3m/s. The speed of turbine is 250 rpm, the head on turbine is 10m, and discharge at outlet is radial (guide vane angle is 90).Determ ine runner vane angle at inlet and outlet, the work done by water per unit weight, and hydraulic efficiency.

Solution: d1 := 0.5m d1 r1 := 2 U 1 := N r1 m vw1 := 1 s Given vf tan 1 = vw1 d2 := 1m d2 r2 := 2 U 1 = 6.545 m s

1 := 15

vf := 3

m s

N := 250rpm

H := 10m

2 := 90

vw2 := 0

( )

vw1 := Find vw1

vw1 = 11.196

m s

NB: When vane angle ( ) is greather then 90 or whirl velocity ( vw) is greather then tangent velocity of the impeller ( U) , this will be always the type of velocity triangle that we going to deal with.

:= 1

Given tan( ) = vw1 - U 1 vf

:= Find( ) = 57.178 deg 1 = 147.178 deg

1 := + 90deg

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HYDRAULIC MACHINES III

TURBINES

Solution by DF Sozinando, Mechanical Eng. student at Vaal University of Technology

NB: When there no whirl velocity or guide angle( ) is 90 this will be always the type of velocity triangle that we going to deal with.

U 2 := N r2
2 := 1

U 2 = 13.09

m s

Given vf tan 2 = U2 U 1 vw1 Hth := g

( )

2 := Find 2

( )

2 = 12.908 deg

Hth = 7.472 m

hyd :=

Hth H

hyd = 74.723 %

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