Journal of Economic Geology

2012, No. 1 (Vol. 4)

ISSN 2008-7306

(4

) 1

1391
1

Petrogenesis of Granitoids, U-Pb zircon geochronology, Sr-Nd Petrogenesis of

granitoids, U-Pb zircon geochronology, Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics, and
important occurrence of Tertiary mineralization within the Lut block, eastern
Iran
M.H. Karimpour1*, A. Malekzadeh Shafaroudi1, G.L. Farmer2, C.R. Stern2
1-Research Center for Ore Deposits of Eastern Iran, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1436, Iran
2-Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, CB-399, Boulder, CO, USA
Received: 23/12/2011, accepted: 8/4/2012

Abstract
Tertiary intrusive granitoids within the Lut block in the Khorasan Razavi and South Khorasan provinces are
mainly sub-volcanic with porphyry texture and their composition varies from granite to diorite but
monzonite is dominant. With the exception of Hired, these are classified as belonging to the magnetite-series
of I-type granitoids. Chemically, these rocks are meta-aluminous. Those with mineralization are K-rich and
those without mineralization such as Najmabad are Na-rich. All intrusive rocks plot in the field of calcalkaline to adakite except Najmabad that plot in the adakite field. Based on low content of Nb (<5 ppm), high
ratio of Zr/Nb (>30), low initial 87Sr/86Sr (<0.705), and high initial Nd value (+5.2), Najmabad magma
originated from a subduction zone and is less contaminated with continental crust. In contrast, based on high
content of Nb (>17 ppm), low ratio of Zr/Nb (<2), high initial 87Sr/86Sr (>0.707) and low initial Nd value (3), magmas in the Kaybar-Kuh were more contaminated in the continental crust. Based on depletion in
HREE and high ratio of (La/Yb)N (17-23), magma in Najmabad originated in the deep region in which garnet
was present. Based on REE pattern and ration of Eu/Eu* (0.8-1), intrusive rocks within Maherabad,
Khoopik, Chah-Shaljami, Kuh Shah and Dehsalm are calc-alkaline and their magma formed in an oxidant
condition whereas Kaybar Kuh magma with low ratio of Eu/Eu* (<0.8) was contaminated in the continental
crust under reduced conditions.
The age of these granitoids is between Middle Eocene and Lower Oligocene. Kaybar-Kuh (43.3 Ma) is
situated in the north and Chah-Shaljami (33.3 Ma) in the south. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios decrease from
north (0.7077) to south (0.7047) as the age decreases. Nd of Maherabad, Khoopik, Dehsalm, and ChahShaljami granitoids is between +0.5 and +2.49 and the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio is less than 0.7055. The age of
the source rock (TDM, which was calculated based on Sm-Nd isotopes) indicates that these magma originated
from oceanic crust with different ages. Kaybar-Kuh originated from the oldest oceanic crust (840 Ma) and
was contaminated more in continental crust, but Najmabad originated from a younger oceanic crust (360 Ma)
with minor contamination. Dehsalm and Chah-Shaljami magma which had some differences with Maherabad
and Khoopik, originated from oceanic crust of 200 Ma.
The period between 42 and 33 Ma (Middle Eocene to Lower Oligocene) is the most important stage of
mineralization in eastern Iran especially in South Khorasan. Some of the major systems, which are identified
so far are: porphyry Cu-Au, reduced intrusive related Au, high sulfidation Au, Fe- skarn, Pb-Zn-Sb vein and
IOCG deposits. Granitoid rocks formed between 42 and 33 Ma within the Lut block and northern area has
great potential for exploring porphyry Cu-Au, IOCG, Fe, Pb-Zn, Au etc.
Keywords: Lut block, Tertiary, mineralization, geochronology, radiogenic isotope, petrogenesis.

mhkarimpour@yahoo.com :

1*

27 1

Journal of Economic Geology

)2012,No. 1 (Vol. 4
ISSN 2008-7306

1391 ) 1 (4
1 27

U-Pb Sr- Nd

2

* 1 1 2

-1 91775-1436 :
-2
1390/10/2 :1391/1/20 :

)(
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SRM-987 ) 87Sr/86Sr=0.71028 2
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Nd I
] 42 .[43

.1 Rb-Sr .
Ref.

Uncertainty
initial ratio

(87Sr/86Sr)i

(87Sr/86Sr)m

Rb/86Sr

)(1388

0/000009

0/704755

0/704970

0/3873

493

)(1388

0/000010

0/704863

0/704950

0/1565

906

) (

0/000009

)(1389

0/000007

)(1389

0/000010

0/705122
0/706153

0/706391
0/708118

0/1385
0/3983

49/1

39

Maherabad

365

17/5

71/691 520/12
160/21 212/15

39/9
42

Najmabad

Kayber Kuh

42

)(1390

0/000015

0/704752

0/704752

0/117

1210

49

33

Dehsalm

)(1390

0/000012

0/705179

0/705179

0/218

1139

85/7

33

Dehsalm

)(1390

0/000011

0/704893

0/704893

0/173

1339

80/2

33

Dehsalm

)(1390

0/000012

0/705094

0/705094

0/489

683/5

115/5

33

Dehsalm

)(1390

0/000019

0/705214

0/705214

0/773

674/8

180/3

33

Dehsalm

)(1390

0/000018

0/705016

0/705016

0/134

1373

63/8

33

Dehsalm

)(1390

0/000016

0/705244

0/705244

0/904

637

199

33

Dehsalm

)(1390

0/000013

0/705251

0/70521

0/41

717/6

101/8

33

Chah Shaljami

)(1390

0/000013

0/705097

0/705097

0/364

518/6

65/3

33

Chah Shaljami

)(1390

0/000013

0/705226

0/705226

0/87

361

109

33

Chah Shaljami

)(1390

0/000018

0/705627

0/705627

0/39

811

109

33

Chah Shaljami

)(1390

0/000014

0/706007

0/706007

1/076

598/2

222/5

33

Chah Shaljami

)(1390

0/000011

0/705129

0/705129

0/544

700/5

131/7

33

Chah Shaljami

)(1982

0/00019

0/70542

0/70583

0/3927

602/5

81/7

43/7

Shurab

)(1982

0/00051

0/70480

0/70491

0/1951

597/3

40/2

41/3

Shurab

)(1982

70539

0/70557

0/3023

854/3

89/2

42/2

Shurab

)(1982

0/70518

0/70536

0/3052

1041/2

109/7

42/2

Shurab

)(1982

0/70549

0/70585

0/6006

4332

89/8

42/2

Shurab

)(1982

0/70528

0/70540

0/2015

816

56/8

42/2

Shurab

0/00016

0/7048

0/70494

0/097

657/7

52

0/00007

0/7051

0/70690

3/1027

159/4

170/7

0/0003

0/7047

0/70506

Jung et al. 1983

Tarkian et al.
1983

2/1825

66/1

39

Khopik

Kayber Kuh

Jung et al. 1983

0/706816

0/705200

87

Sr
)(ppm

Rb
)(ppm

AGE
)(ma

Sample

42

Aghol-Kuh
Kuh-RubatShur

39/6
151/9 784/5
0/5606
Khur
m= measured. Errors are reported as 2 (95% confidence limit).

16

620 460 440 360 620
) 15 (.

840
) 15 ( .

10
.


.

Rb/Sr Sm/Nd
.
360
.

REE
Nd .


200
.

.2 Sm-Nd ) ) (1(.
143

Nd
)(ppm

Sm
)(ppm

Sample

0/512694

0/1251

11/63

2/40

Khopik

0/1269

20/45

4/29

Maherabad

11/6

2/69

Najmabad

6/536

Kayber Kuh
Kayber Kuh

Nd I

Nd M

(143Nd/144Nd)i

1/45

1/09

0/512662

0/000032

1/81

1/46

0/512681

0/000120

0/512713

5/16

4/88

0/512851

0/000032

0/512888

0/1407

-3/67

-4/17

0/512396

0/000012

0/512424

0/1030

38/39

-3/50

-4/02

0/512405

0/000012

0/512432

0/0992

31/382

5/144

2/08

0/512772

0/000015

0/113

38/6

7/2

Dehsalm

1/84

0/512714

0/000012

0/107

34/7

6/14

Dehsalm

2/25

0/512733

0/000011

0/101

47/9

8/03

Dehsalm

1/52

0/512696

0/000012

0/101

21/6

3/62

Dehsalm

1 /8

0/51271

0/000019

0 /1

38/6

6/35

Dehsalm

2/49

0/512748

0/000018

0/114

38/6

7/27

Dehsalm

2/47

0/512745

0/000016

0/102

40/1

6/73

Dehsalm

2 /2

0/51273

0/000013

0 /1

26/2

4/31

Chah Shaljami

2/16

0/512729

0/000013

0/105

26/1

4/53

Chah Shaljami

1/88

0/512718

0/000013

0/115

27/6

5/22

Chah Shaljami

0 /5

0/512644

0/000018

0/101

24/4

4/08

Chah Shaljami

2/08

0/512724

0/000014

0 /1

34/7

5/74

Chah Shaljami

2 /7

0/512756

0/000011

0/099

25/5

4/17

Chah Shaljami

Nd UNC

(143Nd/144Nd)M

147

Sm/144Nd

m= measured. Errors are reported as 2 (95% confidence limit).


1391 1 )(4

.......

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(87Sr/86Sr)i .14 . (87Sr/86Sr)i

.

18

15 . .

15 . .


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.......

19

15 . ) (TDM (87Sr/86Sr)i .

.


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10000 100
125 800 -60
20600 70
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180 .

)47
( ] [46

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9 100 650 0/5 35
] .[48 ] [48

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-


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-
) (IOCG

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.
) (IOCG
] .[6 ) (17
) (I
.

42 33 )
(



. -
IOCG
.

.17 ) I ( .

24

.


.
.
) K2O
4(
.

Na2O/K2O 2/5
. CaO MgO

. Nb ) 17 ( Rb
Ta Sr ) Zr/Nb
(2
.

. Nb
.
Zr/Nb
30 .
Nd .
LREE HREE

.
HREE (La/Yb)N
17 23
.
Eu . * Eu/Eu 0/8

. * Eu/Eu
0/8 1

.
)

( .

EMORB LILE K Cs Rb
Ba HFSE Nb Ti
.
K Cs Rb Ba
Nb Ti
.
LILE
K Cs Rb Ba HREE .
.


) YbN (4
. (La/Yb)N )
HREE (Eu
) Sr 400 (
.
43/3
33/3
.
. 87Sr/86Sr

0/707 0/7047 .

N +0/5 +2/49 87Sr/86Sr
0/7055
.
87Sr/86Sr 0/7053 N
+5/16
.
87Sr/86Sr 0/706 Nd -3

.

620 460 440 360 620

.


1391 1 )(4

.......

840 .

10
.


.

Rb/Sr Sm/Nd .

360
.

REE
Nd .


200
.

42
33 ) (
)

(

- IOCG
.
) 440 620
( .

)
(
.

.

25

2 18445/2 90/4/28
.

.

[1] Stocklin J., "Structural history and tectonics of

Iran", A review-Amer. Ass. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 52
(7): (1968) 1229-1258.
[2] Stocklin J., Nabavi M. H., "Tectonic map of
Iran", Geological Survey of Iran (1973).

] [3 " . "
) 606 (1383.
[4] Lotfi M., "Geological and geochemical
investigations on the volcanogenic Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb
ore- mineralizations in the Shurab-GaleChah and
northwest of Khur (Lut, east of Iran)",
unpublished Ph.D thesis, der Naturwissenschaften
der Universitat Hamburg (1982) 151.

] [5 . . . .

"
" 32 3
-

).189-175 (1385
] [6 . . . . .
" .
"
.376-364 (1387) 3
] [7 " .

" ) (Ph.D
) 600 (1388.
] [8 . . . ." .

" )
(.

" . .[ 19]
.(1366) " 1:100000
[20] Stocklin J., Nabavi M. H., "Geological map
of Boshrouyeh", Geological Survey of Iran
(1969).

1:100000 " .[ 21]

"(7756 )
.(1374)
1:100000 " . .[ 22]
"(7754 )
.(1354)
" . . .[ 23]
"(7854 ) 1:100000
.(1357)
1:100000 ". .[ 24]
.(1384) "
[25] Middlemost Eric A. K., "Magmas and
magmatic rocks", Longman Pub. Company (1985)
221-226.
[26] Shand S. J., "Eruptive rocks, Their genesis,
composition, classification and their relation to
ore-deposits", 1969 (facs. of 3rd ed. 1947).
Hafner, New York (1947) 488.
[27] Pearce J. A., Harris N. W., Tindle A. G.,
"Trace element discrimination diagrams for the
tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks", Journal
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Journal of Economic Geology

2012, No. 1 (Vol. 4)
ISSN 2008-7306

(4 )1 1391
1

Petrogenesis of Granitoids, U-Pb zircon geochronology, Sr-Nd Petrogenesis of

granitoids, U-Pb zircon geochronology, Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics, and
important occurrence of Tertiary mineralization within the Lut block, eastern
Iran
M.H. Karimpour1*, A. Malekzadeh Shafaroudi1, G.L. Farmer2, C.R. Stern2
1-Research Center for Ore Deposits of Eastern Iran, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1436, Iran
2-Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, CB-399, Boulder, CO, USA
Received: 23/12/2011, accepted: 8/4/2012

Abstract
Tertiary intrusive granitoids within the Lut block in the Khorasan Razavi and South Khorasan provinces are
mainly sub-volcanic with porphyry texture and their composition varies from granite to diorite but
monzonite is dominant. With the exception of Hired, these are classified as belonging to the magnetite-series
of I-type granitoids. Chemically, these rocks are meta-aluminous. Those with mineralization are K-rich and
those without mineralization such as Najmabad are Na-rich. All intrusive rocks plot in the field of calcalkaline to adakite except Najmabad that plot in the adakite field. Based on low content of Nb (<5 ppm), high
ratio of Zr/Nb (>30), low initial 87Sr/86Sr (<0.705), and high initial Nd value (+5.2), Najmabad magma
originated from a subduction zone and is less contaminated with continental crust. In contrast, based on high
content of Nb (>17 ppm), low ratio of Zr/Nb (<2), high initial 87Sr/86Sr (>0.707) and low initial Nd value (3), magmas in the Kaybar-Kuh were more contaminated in the continental crust. Based on depletion in
HREE and high ratio of (La/Yb)N (17-23), magma in Najmabad originated in the deep region in which garnet
was present. Based on REE pattern and ration of Eu/Eu* (0.8-1), intrusive rocks within Maherabad,
Khoopik, Chah-Shaljami, Kuh Shah and Dehsalm are calc-alkaline and their magma formed in an oxidant
condition whereas Kaybar Kuh magma with low ratio of Eu/Eu* (<0.8) was contaminated in the continental
crust under reduced conditions.
The age of these granitoids is between Middle Eocene and Lower Oligocene. Kaybar-Kuh (43.3 Ma) is
situated in the north and Chah-Shaljami (33.3 Ma) in the south. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios decrease from
north (0.7077) to south (0.7047) as the age decreases. Nd of Maherabad, Khoopik, Dehsalm, and ChahShaljami granitoids is between +0.5 and +2.49 and the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio is less than 0.7055. The age of
the source rock (TDM, which was calculated based on Sm-Nd isotopes) indicates that these magma originated
from oceanic crust with different ages. Kaybar-Kuh originated from the oldest oceanic crust (840 Ma) and
was contaminated more in continental crust, but Najmabad originated from a younger oceanic crust (360 Ma)
with minor contamination. Dehsalm and Chah-Shaljami magma which had some differences with Maherabad
and Khoopik, originated from oceanic crust of 200 Ma.
The period between 42 and 33 Ma (Middle Eocene to Lower Oligocene) is the most important stage of
mineralization in eastern Iran especially in South Khorasan. Some of the major systems, which are identified
so far are: porphyry Cu-Au, reduced intrusive related Au, high sulfidation Au, Fe- skarn, Pb-Zn-Sb vein and
IOCG deposits. Granitoid rocks formed between 42 and 33 Ma within the Lut block and northern area has
great potential for exploring porphyry Cu-Au, IOCG, Fe, Pb-Zn, Au etc.
Keywords: Lut block, Tertiary, mineralization, geochronology, radiogenic isotope, petrogenesis.

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mhkarimpour@yahoo.com
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