Skarn Geochemistry - Mineralogy and Petrology of Source Rock Sangan Iron Mine, Khorasan Razavi, Iran

: * *
* .
Skarn Geochemistry - Mineralogy and Petrology of Source

Rock Sangan Iron Mine, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
*By: M. H. Karimpour* & A. Malekzadeh Shafaroudi
*Geology department, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
1385/02/03: 1385/10/11:
SI
300 .
of
. . ( ) .
.
( ' )A . -A, B ,C
ive
. C
. .
( ' )A K2O 9 . K2O
5 . K2O
ch
Ar
. ( ' )A ( C
) ( ) . Rb Zn Zr
Nb Sr Cu . :
)1 Cr Ni Zr Ce Cu Sr La )2 .
: .
Abstract
Sangan Iron ore deposit is located 300 km southeast of Mashhad (Eastern Iran). Because of on the high grade, low P- conttent and big ore reserve, Sangan is regarded as an important iron mine in Iran. It is a magnetite skarn and can be classified as
iron-oxide type deposit. Based on the surface exposure, the western magnetite skarn (A), a Ca-rich type skarn, was formed at
the contact of intrusive. Eastward, the skarn gradually becomes distal and Mg-type. The A magnetite skarn contains andradite,
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86 65
...
magnetite, K-rich amphibole, hedenbergite and calcite. Magnetite skarn in A, B, and C- south contain magnetite, repidolite,
ferro-actinolite, siderite and minor pyrite. Baghak and C- north magnetite skarn comprise Mg-rich- magnetite, phlogopite, chinnochlore, talc, dolomite, forsterite, dolomite, pyrite chalcopyrite arsenopyrite pyrrhotite. High S-content is found mainly
in Baghak and C-north deposits. In this research, the igneous source rock is found in A deposit and identified as ultra-potassic
type (K2O> %9). Sarnowsar granite which used to be the source rock for iron, contains less than %5 K2O, therefore it cannot
be the source. The K2O content of Sarnowsar granite increases near the magnetite skarn due to alteration. The Fe-ore beariing solution moved along the contact between Sarnowsar granite and the limestone. Sarnowsar granite was altered and skarn
formed in the limestone.
The source rock is quartz biotite-hornblende alkali syenite to quartz hornblende syenite porphyry. The younger intrusive rocks
are biotite granite, biotite-hornblende quartz monzonite porphyry and quartz syenite porphyry. Potassium within the ore- beariing solution controlled the mineralogy of skarn. Contact skarn in A magnetite deposit comprises K-rich amphibole and distal
skarn (Baghak and C-north) contains phlogopite.
Comparison of trace elements from source rocks with Sarnowsar granite indicates that the Nb, Zr, Zn and Rb contents are high
in the former rocks and Cu and Sr ones are higher in the latter rock. Furthermore, comparison of some trace elements from
source rocks with younger intrusive rocks indicate that Cr, Ni, Zr, Ce, Cu, Sr, and La contents are higher in younger intrusive
and Rb content is higher in source rocks.
SI
Key words: Sangan, Skarn, Sarnowsar, Source rock, Ultra-potassic
68 40
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( )
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- - -
. -

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XRF
( )1382 - -
Th, Ba, Ce, La, Nb, Zr, Y, Sr, Rb,
Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, V
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1/9 . 'A
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.
Cl ( )
2 . 1/9
0/27 Na2O 1/4 K2O 2/1
)FeO+Fe2O3) TFeO 32 (
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K0.422 Na 0.355Ca2.02Mg0.49Fe4.439Al1.767Si6.44O22(Cl.F.OH)2
...
A B -C .
200 350 80 85
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10 .
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310-297 -C 256 216
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450 .
B 128 Fe = 48/9
- C 86 Fe = 54/7
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( .)1377
. 15
20
95 .
ch
Ar
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. ' A
86 65
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( 15) . 1 .
3/5 .
0/6 0/5
1 .

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0/2 0/5 .
. .
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1/5 2 . 1
.

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1 0/5 .
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10 15 10
5 .
.
.
Ar
. 0/1 .
ch
0/5 1 . 2
ive
. .
.
0/5 .
.
: .

.
35-40 . 3/5
. 25 4-5 0/4
0/5 .
- .
...
:
- 30 - 35 .
.
. 10 -15
2 .
. 3/2 10 . 3 - 5
2/4 0/5
.
( 0/5) .
. .
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5 .
: .
.
40 45 .
) ( ) ( .)8
5 K2O .
K2O
.

.

( 5 K2O.)7
10/34 - 5/41
K2O ( .)7 SiO2
TiO2 Al2O3 TFeO ...
( 5 .)7
C.I.P.W
( 8 .)9
of
- 5 .
( C
2 0/6 15
3 -5 .
ive
IUCG . A-P-Q
.
6 5 7 .
K2O ( 5 )6

( .)7 K2O 9
K2O 5 .
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. (')A
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' A
11 10 12 .

Ar
K2O ' A
ch
( .)9
Rb Zn Zr Nb Sr
Cu ( 11 10 .)12
Rb 268 192 ppm .
Rb K2O
Sr . 94 -184 182 ppm

( .)10
10 21-116 ppm
. 31
34 ppm ( .)11
Zr 228 207 ppm Nb
86 65
113
...
K2O 9 .
10 12 :
-2
-1 V Co Y Ba Th .
. (' )A
-2 Cr Ni Zr Ce Cu Sr La
( C )
. 68
( ) . K2O
140
5 30
69 .
- C .
24 -47 . Zr 297
-3 K2O
345 290 Zr
. 61
154
24 26 ppm ( .)12
'( A )
SI
80 . Cu
10 . 10
. Sr 140 - 271 .
.
-4
.
37 - 84 .
-3
SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 TFeO ...
. 194-305 .
of
Sr 94 - 184 .
K2O
ive
Sr Cu .
)1 V Co Y Ba Th )2
Cr Ni Zr Ce Cu Sr La
)3
-1 K2O 5 .
Ar
114
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86 65
ch
Rb Zn Zr Nb
...
D
SI
of
ive
-1 .
.Yy Z M | ZYm d -1
ch
Ar
-2 ( )1368
(1368 ,|]Z Y a cYe Z]) M fz Z{e d Z ZZ {|v Z -2
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86 65
115
(1368 ,|]Z Y a cYe Z]) M fz Z{e d Z ZZ {|v Z -2
...
Z | A' {e { dZ Z] -4
-3
-4 ' A
Z | Y Z{ -3
SI
Z | A' {e { dZ Z] -4
of
-6 -C
ch
Z | A' {e { Z] Z{W ,Zfa Y Z^M -5
ive
'A
Z
{
-6
-5
Z
|
-C {e
df
YZa Zfa
Z | Z -C {e { df YZa Zfa -6
Ar
Z | A' {e { Z] Z{W ,Zfa Y Z^M -5
-7 K2O-SiO2

116
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86 65
Z | { eYm } Z{e dY Z] M P K2O-SiO2 YZ Y{ -7
C.I.P.W
Sangan source
Sarnowsar granite
350
300
Sr (ppm)
Z ZZ
) A, B, C, Baghak (
of
400
)Baghak
A'(
ZY

-Z8-8
{ (A, B, C,
Z { df
Z{e) Y
Zu
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ZY |{
e ZZ
SI
C.I.P.W

cZ^Zv

eYm
9
]
ZY ]
Z
Z{e

Y P
Y~Z -9 -
...
250
200
150
50
0
100
150
200
250
Rb (ppm)
300
C.I.P.W ] cZ^Zv ZY ] Z eYm Z{e Y P Y~Z -9
350
Sarnowsar granite
ch
Sangan source
ive
100
Sangan source
70 dY M P Z { Sr-Rb cYe Z Y{ -10
40
30
20
10
0
0
20
40
60
80
350
300
Sr (ppm)
50
Ar
Zn (ppm)
60
200
150
50
100
120
140
0
100
150
200
250
300
350
Rb (ppm)
Zn-Cu -11

dY M P Z { Zn-Cu cYe Z Y{ -11
Sangan source
250
100
Cu (ppm)
350
Sarnowsar granite
400
Sr-Rb -10

dY M P Z { Sr-Rb cYe Z Y{ -10
Sarnowsar granite
Zr (ppm)
300
250
200
117 150
65 86
100
50
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
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dY M P Z { Zn-Cu cYe Z Y{ -11

...
Sangan source
350
Sarnowsar granite
Zr (ppm)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Nb (ppm)
Zr-Nb -12
of
SI
dY M P Z { Zr-Nb cYe Z Y{ -12
A'
-1
A' {e ZfZ Z \e -1 |m
1
35/45
TiO2
0/089
36/75
34/99
35/86
0/121
0/007
1/48
ive
SiO2
36/51
37/13
36/89
0/025
0/194
0/67
Al2O3
3/48
8/64
31/11
20/02
6/43
10/76
11/23
Cr2O3
26/39
19/27
0/34
7/16
22/66
16/6
15/23
MgO
n.d
n.d
0/034
0/037
0/11
n.d
32/3
32/49
32/75
33/16
33/54
33/99
38/79
MnO
0/59
1/23
0/44
0/82
0/6
0/857
1/21
ch
0/009
CaO
0/92
0/586
1/59
1/12
1/77
1/65
Na2O
0/021
0/007
n.d
0/018
n.d
n.d
n.d
K2O
n.d
n.d
0/013
0/001
n.d
n.d
n.d
0/22
n.d
0/141
0/072
0/019
0/06
0/026
Cl
0/014
n.d
n.d
0/015
0/01
Total
99/48
100/75
100/42
100/33
100/92
101/38
100/75
UV
97/45
63/68
68/5
48/93
46/08
Ar
TFeO
AD
83/26
57/18
GR
13/16
34/44
30/39
27/62
45/34
47/68
PY
0/04
0/14
0/16
0/44
SP
1/4
2/77
1/03
1/88
1/35
1/88
2/7
Al
2/15
4/47
1/36
3/61
2/51
3/85
3/6
A' {e ^M Z \e -2 |m
A' {e ^M
SiO2
38/74
38/30
TiO2
Al2O3
0/11 86
65
9/98
9/36
Cr2O3
0/0056
MgO
2/01
2/217
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PY
0/04
0/14
0/16
0/44
SP
1/4
2/77
1/03
1/88
1/35
1/88
2/7
Al
2/15
4/47
1/36
3/61
51 3
/85
3/6
...2/
A' -2
A' {e ^M
38/74
38/30
TiO2
0/11
Al2O3
9/98
9/36
Cr2O3
0/0056
MgO
2/01
2/217
CaO
11/54
11/37
MnO
0/58
0/51
TFeO
31/93
31/28
Na2O
1/103
K2O
2/016
0/272
Cl
1/718
Total
100/17
SiO2
14/124
SI
2/027
0/23
of
1/766
99/58
ive
B -3
48/56
49/16
23/082
23/58
23/71
TiO2
0/029
0/027
0/263
0/024
0/03
0/014
1/1
1/29
1/81
18/62
18/68
0/033
0/005
n.d
18/86
0/25
0/08
n.d
3/68
3/81
4/22
5/39
5/42
6/07
Al2O3
Cr2O3
MgO
ch
48/9
(d|a) d
Ar
dfY
SiO2
CaO
11/49
11/3
10/4
0/08
0/93
0/09
MnO
0/4
0/29
0/65
0/11
0/016
0/08
TFeO
31/33
31/92
30/87
41/94
40/59
40/09
Na2O
0/28
0/27
0/58
K2O
0/3
0/33
0/23
n.d
n.d
n.d
H2O
1/78
1/84
10/52
10/57
10/55
0/13
n.d
1/75
Cl
0/15
0/15
n.d
n.d
n.d
n.d
Total
99/63
99/79
99/94
100/07
99/98
99/31
119
n.d
n.d
n.d
65 86
Z] {e
n.d
n.d
n.d
n.d
Z] {e da
SiO2
31/85
32/04
45/21
43/62
39/45
TiO2
0/054
0/038
0/125
0/09
0/25
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Cl
0/15
0/15
n.d
n.d
n.d
n.d
Total
99/63
99/79
99/94
100/07
99/98
99/31
...
-4
Z] {e
Z] {e da
31/85
32/04
45/21
43/62
39/45
TiO2
0/054
0/038
0/125
0/09
0/25
Al2O3
17/88
18/62
10/13
11/17
15/40
Cr2O3
0/012
0/05
MgO
35/35
32/85
25/85
25/011
25/52
CaO
0/048
0/017
0/022
0/003
MnO
0/024
0/04
0/021
0/15
TFeO
1/93
1/76
5/4
5/50
2/54
Na2O
1/019
0/0006
0/162
0/133
0/171
K2O
0/023
1/2
8/627
9/20
10/58
0/707
0/525
1/39
1/87
1/82
Cl
0/0024
0/03
0/063
0/272
0/03
Total
99/5
100/04
100/59
100/19
99/28
of
SI
SiO2
-5
San-2
San-3
San-4
San-5
SiO2
67/35
66/23
65/76
65/92
TiO2
0/33
0/54
0/45
0/46
Al2O3
13/38
14/98
14/69
14/54
TFeO
1/23
1/64
2/42
2/53
MnO
0/04
0/05
0/12
0/05
MgO
0/49
0/92
0/73
0/89
CaO
3/09
2/77
3/04
2/57
Na2O
2/15
3/00
1/57
0/91
K2O
8/70
9/15
11/43
12/81
P2O5
0/10
0/22
0/16
0/17
L.O.I
2/39
1/00
1/27
1/30
Total
99/25
100/50
101/64
102/15
Ar
ch
ive
Wt%
SiO2
1
69/71
2
69/87
3
67/73
4
70/81
TiO2
0/47
0/44
0/42
Al2O3
13/48
13/14
12/89
5 86
6
65
70/99
69/40
7
70/26
0/43
0/51
0/46
0/47
14/27
14/16
14/37
14/27
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99/25
100/50
101/64
102/15
...
(1382
,YZ(
Z)
d
Y
Z
{ Y
Z|
Y
-6 |m
)1382
-6
2
SiO2
69/71
69/87
67/73
70/81
70/99
69/40
70/26
TiO2
0/47
0/44
0/42
0/43
0/51
0/46
0/47
Al2O3
13/48
13/14
12/89
14/27
14/16
14/37
14/27
Fe2O3
1/72
1/78
1/74
1/93
0/90
1/30
1/38
MnO
0/06
0/08
0/09
0/05
0/01
0/01
0/02
MgO
n.d
n.d
0/07
0/43
0/09
0/11
0/21
CaO
2/99
2/69
4/20
2/47
2/11
1/65
2/08
Na2O
4/37
4/14
3/25
2/93
4/80
5/76
4/50
K2O
6/44
6/46
7/81
4/79
5/03
5/13
4/98
P2O5
0/09
0/10
0/10
0/12
0/10
0/10
0/10
SO3
LOI
n.d
0/54
n.d
0/68
n.d
1/23
n.d
0/93
n.d
0/86
n.d
1/00
n.d
0/93
Total
99/89
99/37
99/54
98/16
99/16
99/27
99/20
of
SI
ive
-7
San-1
San-6
Bh-284 -65.5 m
BH-286
BH-284 265m
SiO2
66/46
66/71
70/04
65/86
70/03
TiO2
0/58
0/51
0/35
0/60
0/32
Al2O3
15/26
14/61
14/65
14/94
14/39
TFeO
3/32
1/92
1/07
5/03
1/62
MnO
0/10
0/63
0/03
0/06
0/02
MgO
1/32
680
0/25
1/23
0/78
CaO
1/99
3/31
1/95
1/71
1/50
Na2O
4/34
3/38
1/49
3/42
4/27
K2O
5/42
7/53
10/34
5/41
6/21
P2O5
0/19
0/17
0/08
0/17
0/07
L.O.I
2/02
0/93
2/41
2/59
1/08
Total
101/00
100/38
102/66
101/02
100/29
Ar
ch
Wt%
121
San-2
65 86
Q
17/40
San-3
9/65
San-4
9/08
San-5
8/73
or
51/41
54/07
67/54
57/70
ab
18/19
25/39
11/92
3/47
www.SID.ir
0/07
0/17
0/08
0/17
0/19
P2O5
1/08
2/59
2/41
0/93
2/02
L.O.I
100/29
101/02
102/66
...
101
/00
100/38
Total
-8
San-5
8/73
San-4
9/08
San-3
9/65
San-2
17/40
57/70
67/54
54/07
51/41
or
3/47
11/92
25/39
18/19
ab
0/38
1/16
an
4/78
3/92
4/94
2/63
di
2/30
3/76
1/62
3/82
3/73
1/20
ac
0/67
0/60
mt
hy
wo
D
0/21
1/12
1/64
1/23
hem
0/39
0/37
0/51
0/23
ap
1/19
0/70
tn
100/85
100/37
99/50
96/86
Total
1/49
6/01
AN
SI
0/87
0/85
0/11
0/09
il
of
ive
-9
265m
18/38
BH-286
18/99
65.5m
18/86
San-6
13/38
San-1
15/31
36/70
31/97
61/10
44/50
32/03
36/13
28/94
12/61
28/60
36/72
1/76
7/37
2/75
2/45
6/15
an
1/34
3/65
1/93
Di
2/39
Hy
1/49
ab
3/41
Ar
0/43
5/83
or
ch
3/26
Wo
ac
3/04
0/04
1/14
1/62
0/16
0/39
0/73
0/58
2/64
mt
0/06
0/97
1/10
il
1/07
1/52
0/26
hem
0/19
0/39
0/44
ap
0/78
tn
0/76
122
www.SID.ir
99/21
98/43
100/25
99/46
98/98
Total
4/64
20/30
17/89
7/90
14/34
AN
86 65
...
-10
San-3
San-4
San-5
V (ppm)
26
46
41
45
Cr (ppm)
57
69
69
57
Co (ppm)
6/5
Ni (ppm)
30
34
33
34
Cu (ppm)
85
10
Zn (ppm)
31
56
62
57
Rb (ppm)
268
275
287
315
Sr (ppm)
184
146
137
Y (ppm)
100
99
89
Zr (ppm)
265
273
290
228
Nb (ppm)
43
38
30
24
La (ppm)
27
46
70
79
17
1769
1849
1743
1828
93
74
54
ive
Ba (ppm)
Th (ppm)
ch
94
SI
94
of
Ce (ppm)
San-2
118
1
39
2
116
3
40
4
21
5
24
6
25
7
40
Zn
12
57
23
34
20
189
182
182
264
333
374
Ar
ppm
Cu
Rb
192
167Z
140
156
(
Wm
11
)1382
(1382
,YZ 192
Z)
dY201
Z
y]
ne
lZf162
-11-|m
Sr
ppm
Cu
123
1
Y
Zr
39
12 2
199 116
23
12
155
19
3 22
40
168
26
429
29 5
200
21
207 24
57
23
23
25
30
187
23
25
330
29
194
24
40
Zn
Nb
Rb
192
192
201
167
140
162
156
Sr
189
182
182
264
333
374
330
12
12
22
29
29
30
29
Zr
199
155
168
200
207
187
194
Nb
23
19
26
23
25
23
24
12
65 86
34
20
www.SID.ir
...
Z
|
Wm
Z
-12
Ym
}
Z{e
]y
ne
lZf -
12 |m
25
61
25
45
51/5
)V (ppm
140
112
109
68
90/5
)Cr (ppm
13
6/5
)Co (ppm
47
40
32
36
24
)Ni (ppm
25
62
10
223
36
)Cu (ppm
83
73
49
67
38
)Zn (ppm
200
215
305
219
194
)Rb (ppm
158
246
271
)Sr (ppm
113
82
75
)Y (ppm
330
297
)Zr (ppm
38
41
)Nb (ppm
48
72
)La (ppm
93
)Ce (ppm
)Ba (ppm
)Th (ppm
BH-284 265m
BH-286
Bh-284 -65.5 m
San-6
San-1
SI
92
79
345
329
344
51
36
47
37
84
46
113
154
97
61
1533
1590
1809
1908
1678
127
88
105
97
115
of
140
243
ive
ch
Ar
. -1368 . 96 .
. . . -1383 .
-C .360-358
. -1369 .
.282 -269
. -1373 .
.156 -145
124
www.SID.ir
86 65
...
. -1377 .
.167-161
. . . -1377 . 99 .
. . . . -1379 .
.130-126
. . . -1381 . Fe-Oxides Cu- Au
- - - .
. - 1382 . Iron-Oxides Cu-Au
.189 -184
. -1377 . .196-189
. -1379 . .168-164
.150-147
SI
. . . . -1382 .
References
of
Boomery, M., 1998- Petrography and geochemistry of the Sangan iron skarn deposit and related igneous rocks, northeastern Iran,
P. h. D thesis, Akita University, Japan, 226 p.
Mazaheri, S. A., 1995- Petrological studies of skarns from Marulan South, New South Wales, Australia and Sangan, Khorasan,
Ar
ch
ive
Iran. Ph. D. thesis, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
www.SID.ir
86 65
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Skarn Geochemistry - Mineralogy and Petrology of Source Rock Sangan Iron Mine, Khorasan Razavi, Iran

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Skarn Geochemistry - Mineralogy and Petrology of Source Rock Sangan Iron Mine, Khorasan Razavi, Iran

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