Musculoskeletal System

Learning Objectives
• State the functions of the
skeletal system.
• Describe the structure of a
typical bone.
• Describe the three types of
muscle tissue.
• Explain how muscles contract.
• Explain why exercise is
important.
 Vocabulary
• Periosteum • Myosin
• Haversian canal • Actin
• Bone marrow • Neuromuscular
• Cartilage junction
• Ossification • Acetylcholine
• Joint • tendon
• ligament
 The Skeletal System
• Bones provide a system of levers on
which muscles act to produce
movement.
• Levers are rigid rods that can move
about a fixed point.
• Bones also contain reserves of
_______, mostly ________.
• Bones are also the site of
_________formation. This area is
called______.
 Axial & Appendicular
• Axial Skeleton • Appendicular skeleton
– Skull • Accessory bones
– Vertebral Column
– Ribs
 Structure of a bone
• Living cells
surrounded by
protein fibers.
• Supported by
Calcium
• Spongy & compact
Joints
 Skeletal System disorders
• Osteoporosis
• Inflammation: osteo
arthritis
-Degenerative joint
disease.
 Muscular system
• Three different types of
muscles:
1. Skeletal: attached to _______
2. Smooth: involuntary; found in
________.
3. Cardiac: mixture of both
skeletal and smooth found only
in the heart.
What kind of muscle lines the
blood vessels?
Skeletal Muscles
• Controlled by somatic
system: involuntary or
voluntary?
• Striated
• Thin and thick
filaments
(actin & myosin)
• ATP provides energy
for filaments to move.
Click on picture to enlarge
muscles move bone
• Skeletal muscles
contract and shorten
• Attached to bones by
tendons.
• Several muscles
usually cross a joint
• Muscles work in pairs
and oppose each
other to keep
balance.
 Exercise
• Regular exercise is important in
maintaining muscular health and
flexibility.
• Muscles that are exercised regularly stay
firm and increase in size and strength.
• Unused muscles become weak.
• Aerobic exercise keeps systems healthy
• Exercise and weight bearing exercise
strengthens bone; prevents fatigue.