Professional Documents
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Basic Principles
drillpipe RANGES
drillpipe comes in three ranges or lengths:
Range
1 2
38 - 45
GRADES The grade of a pipe is commonly given by its minimum yield strength expressed in units of 1,000 pounds per square inch. Grade D-55 has a minimum yield strength of 55,000 lb..../in2 Grade E-75 has a minimum yield strength of 75,000 lb..../in2 Grade X-95 has a minimum yield strength of 95,000 lb..../in2 Grade G-105 has a minimum yield strength of 105,000 lb..../in2 Grade S-135 has a minimum yield strength of 135,000 lb..../in2 Tensile strength of new pipe is the minimum yield strength x cross sectional area of pipe body
5 OD S-135 19.5 lbs..../ft has a cross section area of 5.2746 in2. 135,000 x 5.2746 = 712071 lbs..
5.2746 in2
drillpipe TERMINOLOGY
Example 5 OD E grade IEU NC50 drillpipe
Nominal Size
5OD
Nominal Weight
Nominal Weight 19.5 lb..../ft
Approximate Weight.
PIN
BOX
API AND THE NUMBERED CONNECTION (NC) Some Examples of NC interchange NC 26 - 23/8 IF or 27/8 SH
NC 31 - 27/8 IF or 31/2 SH
NC 38 - 31/2 IF, 31/2 WO or 41/2 SH NC 40 - 4 FH NC 46 - 4 IF, 41/2 XH or 4 WO NC50 41/2 IF 5 XH 41/2 WO
Flat Crest
.065
V Thread Form
.038
Round Root
EXTERNAL UPSET ( EU )
INTERNAL UPSET ( IU )
PIN
BOX
IDENTIFICATION
TONG AREA
HARDFACING
TONG AREA
1. TOOL JOINT MANUFACTURERS SYMBOL. 2. MONTH WELDED. G 6 95 B E SAMPLE MARKINGS AT BASE OF PIN. 3. YEAR WELDED. 4. PIPE MANUFACTURERS SYMBOL. 5. drillpipe GRADE.
IDENTIFICATION
STANDARD WEIGHT GRADE X95 drillpipe STANDARD WEIGHT GRADE S135 drillpipe HEAVY WEIGHT GRADE E75 drillpipe STANDARD WEIGHT GRADE E75 drillpipe
NO MARKINGS
GROOVE
SLOT
TWO GROOVES
SLOT
GROOVE
Stencil marking for permanent classification. One punch mark = Premium Class Two punch marks = Class 2 Three punch marks = Class 3
* Colour bands on the pipe are for presentation purposes only and do not represent a class or condition.
DRILLING TUBULAR FUNCTIONS The Drill String (1) Transmits rotary torque to the bit. (2) Provides a conduit for circulating fluid to reach the bit.
The BHA (1) Prevents buckling the drillpipe by keeping it in tension. (2) Allows weight to be applied to the bit. (3) Help stability of the bit. (4) Minimise directional control problems.
Compression
Tension
DRILLING TUBULAR TYPES OF FATIGUE FAILURES SLIP CUTS, MASHES AND DENTS CAN LEAD TO PREMATURE FAILURE
DRILLING TUBULAR TYPES OF FATIGUE FAILURES INTERNAL UPSETS CAN LEAD TO PREMATURE FAILURE
100 80
Box End
DRILLING TUBULAR TYPES OF FATIGUE FAILURES BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY CONNECTION FAILURE SOLUTION Stress Relief Groove on Pin Bare back on Box
DRILLING TUBULAR TYPES OF FATIGUE FAILURES BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY STIFFNESS RATIO 5 OD x 3 ID 8 OD x 3 ID
9 OD x 3 ID
9 OD x 3 ID
For routine drilling or very low failure rate experience, keep (SR) below 5.5 For severe drilling or significant failure rate experience, keep (SR) below 3.5
BHA Design
Weight On Bit
TORSION FAILURE
PIPE IS LITERALLY TORN APART WHEN PULL EXCEEDS LOAD CAPACITY. Simultaneous Torsion Reduces The drillpipe Tube Tensile Capacity
EXCESSIVE TORQUE CAUSES PIN TO BE SCREWED INTO BOX UNTIL IT FAILS IN TENSION.
TENSION FAILURE
TORSION FAILURE
DRILLING TUBULAR FAILURE COLLAPSE AND BURST PRESSURE EXTERNAL PRESSURE INTERNAL PRESSURE
MECHANICAL FAILURES
MUD JARS BITS MOTORS
IBOPs
OTHERS
MWD
TOOLS SHOCK SUBS UNDER REAMERS
DRILLING TUBULAR FAILURE EXCESSIVE TORQUE SPLIT/BELLED BOX PIN STRETCH EXCESSIVE TORQUE
EXCESSIVE TORQUE
Split Box
Belled
Thread Profile Gauge
Box
Stretched Threads
DISOLVED SALTS: Chlorides, Carbonates and Sulphates increase electrical conductivity of the drilling fluids. This increases electrochemical reactions and may result in higher corrosion rates.
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE: Is weaker and less corrosive than Carbonic Acid when dissolved in water. However a more significant problem is the effect known as Hydrogen Embrittlement or Sulphide Stress Cracking.
OXYGEN: Causes rusting and pitting leading to washouts, twistoffs and fatigue failure.
CARBON DIOXIDE: When dissolved in water forms a weak solution of Carbonic Acid that corrodes steel in the same manner as other acids. When present with Oxygen corrosion rate is higher than the individual corrosion rates.
Hole Openers
Underreamers
Using One Tong Instead Of Two For Make-up or Breakout Setting Slips Before Pipe Movement Stops
No Visual Inspection And Correct Doping Before Making-up Incorrect Stabbing (Hitting Shoulder or Rolling Pin Into Box)
DRILLING TUBULAR FAILURE PREVENTION BALANCING AREAS THAT ARE WITHIN OUR CONTROL
Very Low
GOOD
Environment Handling
FAILURE SCALE
Design Inspecting
GOOD
BAD