The Back and Material Handling Issues

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

The Spinal Column

Cervical Thoracic

Lumbar

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

The Basic Structure

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Epidemiology of Back Injuries

Short Term or acute effects: Sharp Surfaces Dropped Material Struck-by Moving Materials Mechanical Stress Slips and Falls Simpler Cause and effect relationship

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Epidemiology
Chronic or Long Term Effects Back Ache or Pain Disc Degeneration Cause and effect not as simple, more difficult to analyze

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Return to Work
Out more than 6 months only 50% chance of returning One year only 25% Management and Practitioner Training

One study showed that claims dropped from 200K to 20K per year by providing modified work and conservative treat

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Material Handling
Lifting/Lowering Pushing/Pulling Carrying Weights and Forces Frequency of Activities Load Center of Gravity

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Material Handling

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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Job Risk Factors

Weight of the Object Location (position of load w.r.t. worker) Frequency of Lifts Stability of the Load Hand Coupling Workplace Geometry Twisting/Stooping Environmental Factors
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Personal Risk Factors

Gender Age Anthropometry Lift technique Attitude Strength Training

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Examples of Manual Handling Controls

Avoid extreme range of motion when lifting Redesign work station/work area to allow freedom of movement Provide handles on material handling equipment

Provide lift-assist devices and tables

Unit Load Concept

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Job Design
Can reduce one-third of compensable LBP Minimize reach and lift distances Keep off floor Work station design Frequency Relax time standard Rotation Work-Rest allowances
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Job Design
Minimize Weight Mechanical aids Carton capacity Balance contents Convert Carry to push/pull Push over pull Use large wheels

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Training
Focus on awareness and avoidance Get object as close to body as possible

Planning
Use of handling aids Back Schools Strength and fitness important
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Lifting Equation

1991 Version

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Lifting Equation

Objective: Reduce occurrence of lifting-related LBP 1981 and 1991 equations

1981 limited to sagittal plane

1991 includes asymmetry and coupling

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Disqualifiers for Use

One handed lifts More than 8 hours Seated or kneeling Restricted work space Unstable Objects Carrying, pushing or pulling while lifting Wheelbarrows or shovels High speed motion Unreasonable foot/floor coupling Unfavorable environment

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Definition of Terms
RWL = Recommended weight limit LC = Load constant HM = Horizontal multiplier VM = Vertical multiplier DM = Distance multiplier AM = Asymmetric multiplier FM = Frequency multiplier CM = Coupling multiplier

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

1991 Equation

RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

1991 Guide
Compare RWL to Actual Load (L) If Greater than or equal to 1 problem

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Lifting Index

L
RWL

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

1991 Multipliers
LC = 51 Pounds

HM = 10/H
VM = 1-.0075 x / V-30/

DM = .82 + (1.8/D)
AM = 1 (.0032 x A)

FM go to Table
CM go to Table
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Worksheet

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Lifting Example

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Workshop

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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Workshop

Start of Lift

End of Lift

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH 1991 Lifting Calculator

NIOSH Lifting Guidelines -- Job Analysis
Notes Packer

Enter values in Yellow area. For Composite Lifting Index (CLI) to be computed correctly, sort tasks in decreasing order based on LI by pressing button.

Sort
Task No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CLI = 0.3 1991 Guide RWL LI 24.3 0.2 12.2 0.4 11.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Object Wt. Hand Location (inches) 1981 Guide (lbs) Origin Destination AL MPL L (avg)L (max) H V H V 29.0 87.0 5.0 18.0 30.0 15.0 40.0 13.3 39.9 5.0 18.0 30.0 30.0 15.0 11.4 34.1 5.0 18.0 30.0 30.0 52.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Asymmetry Period Freq (degrees) (hours) (#/min) Handle Orig Dest P F C 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

WISHA
Calculator for Analyzing Lifting Operations

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/ergo/calculator/ergo_workshopIE.htm
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

WISHA Workshop

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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

WISHA
If the job is a hazard Reduce weight of load Increase weight of load so that it requires mechanical assist Reduce the capacity of the container Etc.
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

References
Applications guide for the revised NIOSH lifting equation On CD Elements of Ergonomic Programs On CD Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors On CD

Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting

NIOSH 81-122

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

What does the worker need to know from this presentation?

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING