5.1.2.

S chuyn i nng lng

Nh m t trn, in nng cung cp cho n hunh quang c chuyn i thnh nhng dng nng lng khc, nh l quang nng (tia cc tm) v nhit nng. Bng 2 cho thy t l chuyn i ca in nng u vo vi cc dng nng lng khc cho mt n hunh quang loi tiu chun. Khong 65% nng lng u vo c chuyn i thnh bc x UV, m c s dng kch thch photpho; ngoi ra, khong 6% c chuyn i thnh bc x c th thy c, m c pht trc tip ra bn ngoi ca ng. S cn bng ca in nng l khng c chuyn i thnh quang nng, v c th c ch nh nh l mt nng lng b mt i. Khong 3% nng lng b mt ti cc in cc, v khong 26% c chuyn i thnh nhit nng thng qua cc s va chm n hi trong cc ct tch cc. Bc x UV c chuyn i thnh bc x nhn thy c bi photpho. Khi t l chuyn i UV- nng lng nhn thy c l khong 40%, 23% in nng u vo c chuyn i cui cng thnh bc x nhn thy c. Nu bc x nhn thy c pht ra trc tip bi cc ct tch cc c cng vo, th tng cng s t 25%. Nhng gi tr ny c p dng cho cc n hunh quang tiu chun. Gn y, c thm nhiu loi n hunh quang c pht trin v thng mi ha, nh n hunh quang nh gn, n hunh quang ng mng c dng, v nhng loi n hunh quang khng in cc. Trong nhng loi n ny, mt s kch thc n th c bit khc vi loi tiu chun; mt plasma trong ct tch cc v cc loi m kh c s dng cng khc. V kt qu, t l chuyn i nng lng c th khc vi cc gi tr c a ra bng 2. Vi loi n hunh quang ng mng c thit k c dng, nh l n nn cho hin th tinh th lng (LCDs), khng ch c phng in thy ngn-argon m cn phng in trong t l kh. Trong nhng n hunh quang ny, c ch chuyn i nng lng v t l chuyn i khc vi cc n hunh quang thng thng mc nh khng ng k. Nhng loi n ny s c tho lun sau.

5.1.2.4

Cc c tnh chung

Khi cc n hunh quang chuyn i in nng thnh quang nng, hiu sut chuyn i nn cng cao cng tt. C nhiu nhn t nh hng n hiu sut ca n hunh quang. Hiu sut cng lin quan ti photpho c s dng. Trong phn ny, tuy nhin, ch mi quan h gia ng knh ng v hiu sut n s c m t. Gn y, kch thc ca n hunh quang c gim. Kch thc c quan h cht ch ti mt ca cc in t, ion, kh trung tnh (nguyn t thy ngn), v kh m trong plasma. Nh qu trnh chuyn i nng lng khc nhau ph thuc vo mt ca chng, kch thc n- c bit l ng knh ng- tr thnh nhn t quan trng trong thit k n hunh quang.

Hiu sut chuyn i ca in nng u vo thnh bc x UV thay i vi ng knh ng. Nu bc x UV 254-nm c to ra trong plasma ca n hunh quang gp cc nguyn t thy ngn trung tnh trc khi chm ti tng trong ca ng, n c th b ti hp th bi cc nguyn t trong trng thi 6P1. S kch thch cc nguyn t thy ngn ny s gp bnh thng bc x UV 254-nm. Tuy nhin, nu cc nguyn t c kch thch va chm vi cc ht khc trong plasma trc khi gp, cc nguyn t s to ra bc x c bc sng khc vi 254nm. iu ny c ngha bc x 254-nm c th c chuyn i xung trc khi ng ti lp photpho, do lm gim hiu sut chuyn i. Trong mt n bnh thng, qu trnh x l kch thch li-gp ny c c tnh xy ra vi trm ln trc khi bc x UV t mt nguyn t c kch thch ng ti cc tng. Nu kch thc ng rt ln, c hi ca s chuyn i xung nng lng tng v c hi tt bc x UV c tng. iu ny c ngha ton b bc x UV ng ti photpho trong ng c kch thc rt ln l nh hn so vi n c kch thc ng bnh thng. Mt khc, trong mt trng hp m ng knh ng tr nn nh hn, t l ca chu vi ng mt ct ngang tr nn ln hn. Kt qu, nhng ion v in t di chuyn v vng ln cn ca tng ng bng s khuch tn lng cc ti kt hp thng xuyn hn, v t l in t v ion mt i tr nn ln hn. Tc ng ny lm nhit in t (tng ng vi ng nng trung bnh ca cc in t) trong plasma tng ln. Tuy nhin, trong nhiu n hunh quang mng, nhit ca in t c th tr nn rt cao v xc sut kch thch mt nguyn t thy ngn thnh trng thi 6P1 gim. Nhng s tranh lun cng c p dng cho bc x UV 185-nm. Theo trn, hiu sut chuyn i nng lng (hiu sut chiu sng ca n hunh quang) gim khi ng knh ca ng tng hoc gim. Ni cch khc, c mt phm vi ng knh ng ti u cho thit k n hunh quang. Ni mt cch nghim tc, ng knh ti u cho s bin i 254-nm l hi ln hn ca s bin i 185-nm. Cho photpho c hiu qu kch thch hn vi bc x 185-nm, nh l chng c s dng cho n hunh quang 3 di, ng knh ng ti u c th c lm nh hn cho s dng canxi halophotphas thng thng. Gn y vic pht trin n hunh quang nh gn c ng mng (ng knh, 15-20 mm) s dng 3 di photpho, cng nh lm mng hn n hunh quang hnh ng hot ng vi ngun cung cp in tn s cao (ng knh, 26mm).

5.2 Phn loi n hunh quang bng kt ta mu v nhng tnh cht mu hin th
C rt nhiu loi n hunh quang vi kt ta khc nhau v khc nhau v tnh cht mu hin th. Theo s thch hp hay ng dng c th, n vi kt ta mu ph hp v mu hin th c th c chn. Nht Bn, s phn loi n hunh quang cho chiu sng chung c m t trong JIS Standard Z9112 theo kt ta mu v nhng tnh cht mu hin th.

Phn loi bng ngun mu chiu sng. Phm vi m t kt ta ca 5 mu khc nhau trong JIS c hin th trong th 2, cng vi cc c im k thut IEC. S thit k v biu tng ca 5 mu c hin th trong bng 3 nh so snh vi nhng ci thng c s dng ngoi Nht Bn. n 500-K l c bit ph bin Nht Bn. Phn loi bng cc tnh cht mu hin th. Cc loi t ng m t khc nhau c s dng bi nh sn xut m t mc ci thin trong mu hin th ca n ca h; cc t nh l loi sang trng, loi siu sang trng, mu t nhin,..rt thng gp. JIS ln u tin gii thiu mt thit k h thng tiu chun theo ch s mu hin th v tnh cht ca ngun phn phi quang ph. n hunh quang vi di quang ph rng c phn loi thnh 4 loi: loi bnh thng, loi mu hin th A, loi mu hin th AA, v loi mu hin th AAA, ph thuc vo mc ci thin ca cc ch s mu hin th. Cc gi tr yu cu ti thiu ca cc ch s mu hin th chung v ch s mu hin th c bit ca n thuc mi loi c cho bng 4. b sung di hp n hunh quang yu cu ch s mu hin th, t l ca thng lng bc x trong phm vi khu vc 3 di bc sng trong ton b khu vc bc sng nhn thy l c quy nh. K hiu cho n di hp tha mn cc gi tr m t trong bng 5 c ch nh l EX.