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Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
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Authors
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
R. K . Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
GATE CLOUD is an exclusive series of books which offers a completely solved question bank
to GATE aspirants. The book of this series are featured as
Over 1300 Multiple Choice Questions with full & detailed explanations. Questions are graded in the order of complexity from basic to advanced level. Contains all previous year GATE and IES exam questions from various
GATE CLOUD
branches.
Each question is designed to GATE exam level.
& Analog Circuit and Devices (For EC, EE & IN branches) & Control Systems (For EC, EE & IN branches)
CHAPTER 1
CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS
EXCERCISE 1.1
MCQ 1.1.1
The graphical representation of a signal in the time domain is known as (A) frequency (B) waveform (C) frequency spectrum (D) none of the above
MCQ 1.1.2
A continuous-time signal is a signal in which the independent variable is (A) discrete (B) continuous (C) (A) or (B) (D) none of the above
MCQ 1.1.3
Digital signals are those signal which (A) do not have a continuous set of values (B) have values at discrete instants (C) can utilize decimal or binary system (D) are all of the above
MCQ 1.1.4
A deterministic signal is the signal which (A) can not be represented by a mathematical expression (B) has no uncertainty (C) has uncertainty (D) none of the above
MCQ 1.1.5
A random signal is the signal which (A) has uncertainty (C) is a completely specified function of time
(B)
has no uncertainty
MCQ 1.1.6
Speech signals and the sine wave respectively are the example of (A) deterministic signal, random signal. (B) both random signals (C) both deterministic signals (D) random signal, deterministic signals
MCQ 1.1.7
Which of the following is a periodic signal ? (B) x (t) = Aejt (A) x (t) = At 2 (C) x (t) = Aet (D) x (t) = Au (t)
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Page 4
MCQ 1.1.8
Chapter 1
The sum of two periodic signals having periods T1 and T2 is periodic only if the ratio of their respective periods (T1 /T2) is (A) an irrational number (B) a rational number (C) an odd number (D) an even number
MCQ 1.1.9
A continuous-time signal x (t) is said to be periodic with a fundamental period T0 , where T0 is the (A) smallest positive integer satisfying the relation x (t) = x (t + mT0) for any t and any m . (B) positive constant satisfying the relation x (t) = x (t + mT0) for every t and any integer m . (C) largest positive constant satisfying the relation x (t) = x (t + mT0) for any t and any integer m (D) smallest positive constant satisfying the relation x (t) = x (t + mT0) for every t and any integer m
MCQ 1.1.10
Sine waves, cosine waves, square waves and triangular waves are the examples of (A) non-deterministic functions (B) multiple frequency functions (C) periodic functions (D) all of the above
MCQ 1.1.11
A signal is given by x (t) = 2 cos (t) sin2 (t) + 2 cos (t) + sin (t) + sin2 (t). The odd component of x (t) is (A) cos (t) sin2 (t) (B) sin (t) (C) sin2 (t) (D) cos (t) f (t) is even while g (t) is odd. If x (t) = f (t) + g (t) and y (t) = f (t) g (t) then x (t) and y (t) are respectively (A) neither, even (B) odd, even (C) neither, odd (D) even, odd
MCQ 1.1.12
MCQ 1.1.13
Signal x (t) = 5 sin 20t (A) is an even signal (C) has even and odd parts
MCQ 1.1.14
Which of the following statements is not true ? 1. The product of two even signals in an even signal 2. 3. 4. The product of two odd signals in an odd signal. The product of even and odd signals in an even signal. The product of even and odd signal is an odd signal. (B) 1 only (D) 4 only
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.1.15
Page 5
x (t) = 5 sin (10t + 30c) (A) is an odd signal (B) is an even signal (C) has an even part as well as an odd part (D) none of the above
MCQ 1.1.16
The signal x (t) = 10e j10t is (A) an energy signal (C) neither energy nor power signal
MCQ 1.1.17
Signal e2t u (t) is (A) a power signal (B) an energy signal (C) neither an energy signal nor a power signal (D) none of the above
MCQ 1.1.18
A signal is an energy signal if it has (A) infinite energy (C) zero average power
MCQ 1.1.19
A signal is a power signal if it has (A) infinite energy (C) finite power
MCQ 1.1.20
The signal A cos (0 t + ) is (A) a periodic signal (C) both periodic and power signals
MCQ 1.1.21
Which of the following is an energy signal ? (B) x (t) = A sin 0 t (A) x (t) = A cos 0 t (C) x (t) = Ae j t
0
MCQ 1.1.22
Which of the following statement are true ? 1. Most of the periodic signals are energy signals. 2. 3. 4. Most of the periodic signals are power signals. For energy signals, the power is zero. For power signals, the energy is zero. (B) 1 only (D) 1, 2, 3, and 4
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Page 6
MCQ 1.1.23
Chapter 1
A complex valued signal x (t) = xR (t) + jxI (t) has conjugate symmetry if (A) xR (t) is odd while xI (t) is even (B) xR (t) and xI (t) are both odd (C) xR (t) is even while xI (t) is odd (D) xR (t) and xI (t) are both even
MCQ 1.1.24
A signal x (t) has energy Ex , then energy of the signal x (at) is given by (B) Ex / a (A) Ex / a 2 (C) Ex a
2
(D) a Ex
MCQ 1.1.25
# 2 cos t () d is
(B) /2 (D) 2
3
MCQ 1.1.26
If (t) is the unit impulse function, then (A) x (t) (C) x (3)
MCQ 1.1.27
For unit impulse function (t), which of the following relation holds true ? (A) ( t) = a t k (B) ( t) = (t2) 2 (C) ( t) = (t) (D) ( t) = 2 (t)
MCQ 1.1.28
The function f (t) = t (t) will be equal to (A) t (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 0 3, t = 0 (B) (t) = ) 0, t ! 0
MCQ 1.1.29
The unit impulse is defined as, (A) (t) = 3, t = 0 (C) (t) = 3, t = 0 and
# (t) dt = 0
3
+3
# (t) dt = 1
3
+3
MCQ 1.1.30
If x (t) is a continuous time signal and (t) is a unit impulse signal then value of integral (A) x (t) (C) (t)
# x (t) (t t ) is equal to
3 3 0
(B) x (t 0) (D) 1
MCQ 1.1.31
A weighted impulse function (at) has (A) unit area and unit amplitude (C) finite area and infinite amplitude
(B) infinite area and finite amplitude (D) infinite area and infinite amplitude
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.1.32
Page 7
Unit step signal u (t) is (A) an energy signal (B) a power signal (C) neither power signal nor energy signal (D) both
MCQ 1.1.33
A unit step function is given by 1, (A) u (t) = * 0, t, (C) u (t) = * 0, t$0 t<0 t$0 t<0 1, (B) u (t) = ) 0, 1, (D) u (t) = ) 0, t=0 t!0 t>0 t<0
MCQ 1.1.34
Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer using the codes given below the lists : List I (Signal) P. Unit Impulse signal 1. 2. 3. 4. S 1 3 4 3 Q. Unit Step signal R. Random noise signal S. Decaying exponential Codes : P Q R (A) 3 2 4 (B) 2 4 1 (C) 1 2 3 (D) 2 1 4 List II (Nature) Sample values are unpredictable Has only one non-zero value Amplitude decreases as time increases Has only two possible values
MCQ 1.1.35
A unit ramp function is defined as 1, (A) r (t) = ) 0, t, (C) r (t) = * 0, t=0 t!0 t$0 t<0 (B) r (t) = * t + 1, 0, t$0 t<0
1, (D) r (t) = * 0,
t$0 t<0
MCQ 1.1.36
The differentiation of a unit step signal is, (A) an impulse signal (B) a ramp signal (C) an exponential signal (D) a parabolic signal
MCQ 1.1.37
In terms of unit-step function, signum function is given as (A) sgn (t) = u (t) (B) sgn (t) = 2u (t) (C) 2sgn (t) = u (t) (D) sgn (t) = 2u (t) 1
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Page 8
MCQ 1.1.38
Chapter 1
The signum function is defined as 1, t > 0 (A) sgn (t) = ) 0, t < 0 0, t > 0 (C) sgn (t) = ) 1, t < 0
1, t > 0 (B) sgn (t) = ) 1, t < 0 1, t > 0 (D) sgn (t) = ) 1, t<0
MCQ 1.1.39
Differentiation of signum function will be (A) 1 (t) 2 (C) 2 (t) (B) (t) (D) 2u (t) (B) f (t) = sin t t (D) f (t) = sin t t
MCQ 1.1.40
The sinc function f (t) is defined as (A) f (t) = sin t t (C) f (t) = sin t t
MCQ 1.1.41
The mathematical expression for the signal x (t) shown in figure is given by
***********
EXCERCISE 1.2
MCQ 1.2.1
What is the period of a signal x (t) = 3 sin (4t) + 7 cos (3t) ? (A) 2 sec (B) 4 sec (C) 12 sec (D) x (t) is not periodic
MCQ 1.2.2
The period of a signal x (t) = 3 sin (4t) + 7 cos (10t) is (A) 10 sec (B) 5 sec (C) 6 sec (D) x (t) is not periodic
MCQ 1.2.3
Consider the following continuous time signals x1 (t) = 6 sin (8t) + 14 cos (6t) x2 (t) = 6 sin (8t) + 14 cos (20t) Which of the following statement regarding the periodicity of the signals is true ? (A) x1 (t) is periodic, x2 (t) is aperiodic (B) Both x1 (t) and x2 (t) are periodic (C) x1 (t) is aperiodic, x2 (t) is periodic (D) Both x1 (t) and x2 (t) are aperiodic What is the period of the signal x (t) = sin b 2 t l cos b 4 t l ? 5 3 (A) 13 sec (C) 15 sec (B) 91 sec (D) x (t) is aperiodic
MCQ 1.2.4
MCQ 1.2.5
Match List I (Signal) with List II (Period of the signal) and select the answer using the codes given below List I P. Q. R. S. (Signals) List II (Period of the signal) 1. 15 Unit 2. 3 Unit 3. aperiodic 4. 2/3 unit f1 (t) = sin b 2 l t 3 f2 (t) = sin b 2 t l cos b 4 t l 5 3 f3 (t) = sin 3t f4 (t) = f1 (t) 2f3 (t)
Page 10
Chapter 1
Q 4 2 2 1
R 3 1 3 4
S 2 4 4 3
Which of the following signal is not periodic? (A) sin (10t) (B) 2 cos (5t) (C) sin (10t) u (t) (D) none of these
MCQ 1.2.7
The period of the signal g (t) = 2 cos (10t + 1) + sin (4t 1) is equal to (A) 10 sec (B) sec (C) 2 sec (D) 5 sec Consider the signals x1 (t) = 5 cos (4t + ), x2 (t) = e j (t 1) and x 3 (t) = 6cos (2t )@2 3 3 Which signals is/are aperiodic (B) x2 (t) and x 3 (t) (A) x 3 (t) only (C) x2 (t) only (D) none of above
MCQ 1.2.8
MCQ 1.2.9
t, 0 # t < 1 Consider a signal g (t) defined as g (t) = * . The odd part of g (t) is 0, elsewhere
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.2.10
Page 11
A signal g (t) is defined as t, 0 # t < 1 . g (t) = * 0, elsewhere The even part of the signal g (t) is Zt/2, ] (A) ge (t) = [t/2, ]0, \ Z 2t, ] (C) ge (t) = [2t, ]0, \ 1 # t < 0 0#t<1 elsewhere 1 # t < 0 0#t<1 elsewhere Z t/2, ] (B) ge (t) = [t/2, ]0, \ Z2t, ] (D) ge (t) = [2t, ]0, \ 1 # t < 0 0#t<1 elsewhere 1 # t < 0 0#t<1 elsewhere
MCQ 1.2.11
A CT signal is defined as 2, t > 0 x (t) = * 0, t < 0 The odd part of x (t) is an unit (A) step function (C) impulse function (B) signum function (D) ramp function
MCQ 1.2.12
Page 12
MCQ 1.2.13
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.2.14
If xe (t) and xo (t) are the even and odd part of a signal x (t), then which of the following is true? (A) xo (0) = 0 (C) xo (0) = xe (0) = 0 (B) xe (0) = x (0) (D) Both (A) and (B)
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.2.15
Page 13
MCQ 1.2.16
Page 14
MCQ 1.2.17
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.2.18
Two signals g1 (t) and g2 (t) are shown in the following figures
Which of the following statement is true ? (A) g1 (t) is a power signal, g2 (t) is an energy signal. (B) g1 (t) is an energy signal, g2 (t) is a power signal. (C) Both g1 (t) and g2 (t) are power signals. (D) Both g1 (t) and g2 (t) are energy signals.
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.2.19
Page 15
The average power (Pg) and energy (Eg) of the signal g (t) shown in figure are
The energy and average power of a signal x (t) as shown in figure are respectively :
(A) A2 /2 (C) A2 /4
MCQ 1.2.22
The power and rms value of a voltage signal x (t) = 20 cos (5t) cos (10t) V are respectively : (A) 200 W, 14.14 volt (B) 100 W, 7.07 volt (C) 100 W, 10 volt (D) 200 W, 10 volt
MCQ 1.2.23
The signal x (t) = e ja2t + 4 k is (A) a power signal (C) neither a power nor an energy
Page 16
MCQ 1.2.24
Chapter 1
A signal x (t), defined over the range 3 # t # 3 , has energy equal to 12 units. Match List I (signal) with List II (Energy of the signal) and select correct answer using the codes given below List I P. 2x (t) Q. x (3t) R. x (t 4) S. 2x (2t) P 1 4 1 4 Q 3 3 4 1 R 2 1 3 2 S 4 2 2 3 Codes: (A) (B) (C) (D) (Signal) List II 1. 48 unit 2. 12 unit 3. 4 unit 4. 24 unit (Energy)
MCQ 1.2.26
Consider the following statements regarding a signal x (t) = e t . 1. x (t) is an energy signal 2. 3. 4. x (t) is an odd signal x (t) is an even signal x (t) is neither even nor odd.
Which of the above statement is/are true? (A) only 4 (B) 1 and 3 (C) 1 and 4 (D) 1 and 2
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.2.27
Page 17
Which of the following relation is true ? (B) y (t) = x1 (t) + x2 (t) (A) y (t) = x1 (t) x2 (t) (C) y (t) = x1 (t) x2 (t)
MCQ 1.2.28
Page 18
MCQ 1.2.29
Chapter 1
A continuous time signal is given as t + 1, 1 # t # 0 g (t) = *1, 0#t<2 elsewhere 0, The correct expression for g (2t) is Zt 0.5 # t # 0 ] 2 + 1, (A) g (2t) = [t, 0#t<1 ] 0, elsewhere \ t + 1, 0.5 # t # 0 (C) g (2t) = *1, 0#t<1 elsewhere 0,
MCQ 1.2.30
Consider a signal g (t) defined as following Z 1 # t # 0 ]t + 1, ]1, 0#t#2 g (t) = [ 2#t#3 t + 3, ] ]0, elsewhere The waveform of\signal g (t/2) is
MCQ 1.2.31
Two signals f (t) and g (t) are shown in the figure below
Chapter 1
Page 19
Which of the following is the correct expression of f (t) ? (A) f (t) = g (t) + g (t + 2) + g (t + 3) (B) f (t) = g (t) + g (t 2) + g (t 3) (C) f (t) = g (t) + g (t/2) + g (t/3) (D) f (t) = g (t) + g (2t) + g (3t)
MCQ 1.2.32
Consider a unit triangular function (t) and a unit rectangular function (t) as shown in figure
MCQ 1.2.33
Time compression of a signal (A) Reduces its energy (B) increases its energy (C) does not effect the energy (D) none of above.
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Page 20
MCQ 1.2.34
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.2.35
Which of the following is correct statement ? (A) y (t) is amplitude scaled version of x (t) (B) y (t) is time scaled version of x (t) by a factor of 2. (C) y (t) is time advanced version of x (t) by 2 units. (D) y (t) is time delayed version of x (t) by 2 units.
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.2.36
Page 21
MCQ 1.2.37
Page 22
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.2.38
MCQ 1.2.39
If the energy of a signal x (t) is Ex then what will be the energy for a signal x (at b)? (A) Ex a (C) 1 Ex + b a (B) b b l Ex a (D) b 1 + b l Ex a
MCQ 1.2.40
Chapter 1
Page 23
MCQ 1.2.41
Page 24
MCQ 1.2.42
Chapter 1
A signal x (t) and its transformed signal y (t) are shown in figure(A) and figure(B) respectively
If y (t) = x (at + b), then values of a and b are respectively (A) 3, 2 (B) 3 , 6 (C) 3, 6
MCQ 1.2.43
(D) 2 , 3
Which of the following procedure is correct to obtain x2 (t) from x1 (t) ? (A) First compress x1 (t) by a factor of 3, then shift to the right by 6 time units. (B) First expand x1 (t) by a factor of 6, then shift to the right by 3 time units. (C) First compress x1 (t) by a factor of 3, then shift to the right by 2 time units. (D) First shift x1 (t) to the right by 2 time units then expand by a factor of 3.
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.2.44
Page 25
MCQ 1.2.45
Page 26
MCQ 1.2.46
Chapter 1
Which of the following relation is true ? (A) y (t) = x (2t 8) (B) y (t) = x (2t 4) (C) y (t) = x a t 2k 2 (D) y (t) = x a t 4 k 2
MCQ 1.2.47
MCQ 1.2.48
1.4
(B) 2, 1, (D) 2, 1, 2
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
1 2
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.2.49
Page 27
MCQ 1.2.50
Page 28
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.2.51
If (t) is an unit impulse function, then the value of integral equals to (A) 1 2 (C) 1 2e (B) 1 e (D) 1
#e
3
(2t 2) dt
MCQ 1.2.52
For an unit impulse function (t), which of the following is true? (B) [a (t t 0)] = a (t t 0) (A) [a (t t 0)] = 1 (t) a (C) [a (t t 0)] = 1 (t t 0) a (D) [a (t t 0] = a (t)
MCQ 1.2.53
If (t) is an unit impulse function then which of the following waveform represents a signal g (t) = 6 (3t + 9)?
MCQ 1.2.54
What is the numerical value of the following integral x (t) = (A) 1 (C) 0
# (t + 5) cos (t) dt
3
(B) 1 (D) 5
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.2.55
Page 29
MCQ 1.2.56
Consider three signals x1 (t) = u (t) u (t 1), x2 (t) = r (t) r (t 2) and x 3 (t) = (1 + e6t) u (t) where u (t) and r (t) are unit-step function and unit-ramp function respectively. Which of the above signals have finite energy? (A) x1 (t) and x 3 (t) (B) x1 (t) only (C) x2 (t) and x 3 (t) (D) x2 (t) only
MCQ 1.2.57
Page 30
MCQ 1.2.58
Chapter 1
Which of the following is correct waveform of a signal x (t) given as below x (t) = u (t + 3) + 2u (t + 1) 2u (t 1) + u (t 3)
MCQ 1.2.59
Consider a signal x (t) which is a linear combination of ramp signals given as x (t) = r (t + 2) r (t + 1) r (t 1) + r (t 2) The correct waveform of x ^ t h is
***********
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
EXCERCISE 1.3
MCQ 1.3.1
The period of signal x (t) = 14 + 50 cos 60t is (A) sec 30 (C) 1 sec 60 (B) 60 sec (D) Not periodic
MCQ 1.3.2
The period of signal x (t) = 10 sin 5t 4 cos 7t is (A) 24 35 (C) 2 (B) 4 35 (D) Not periodic
MCQ 1.3.3
The period of signal x (t) = 5t 2 cos 5000t is (A) 0.96 ms (C) 0.4 ms (B) 1.4 ms (D) Not periodic
MCQ 1.3.4
The period of signal x (t) = 4 sin 3t + 3 sin t is (A) 2 sec 3 (C) 2 sec (B) 2 sec 3 (D) Not periodic
Page 32
MCQ 1.3.5
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.3.6
MCQ 1.3.7
Chapter 1
Page 33
MCQ 1.3.8
The signal x (t) = e4t u (t) is a (A) power signal with power Px = 1/4
(C) energy signal with energy Ex = 1/4 (D) energy signal with energy Ex = 0
MCQ 1.3.9
The signal x (t) = e j (2t + ) is a (A) power signal with Px = 1 (C) energy signal with Ex = 2
MCQ 1.3.10
The raised cosine pulse x (t) is defined as 1 (cos t + 1), # t # x (t) = * 2 0, otherwise The total energy of x (t) is (A) 3 4 (C) 3 (B) 3 8 (D) 3 2
Page 34
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.3.11
MCQ 1.3.12
MCQ 1.3.13
The signal f 3 (t) can be expressed as (A) x (t 0.5) + y (t + 0.5) (C) x (t 0.5) + y (t 0.5) (B) x (t + 0.5) + y (t + 0.5) (D) x (t + 0.5) + y (t 0.5)
MCQ 1.3.14
The signal f 4 (t) can be expressed as (A) 1.5x (2t 2) (C) 1.5x (2t 1) (B) 1.5x ( t 1 ) 2
t (D) 1.5x ( 2 1)
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.3.15
Page 35
The trapezoidal pulse y (t) is related to the x (t) as y (t) = x (10t 5). The sketch of y (t) is
MCQ 1.3.16
The trapezoidal pulse x (t) is time scaled producing y (t) = x (5t). The sketch for y (t) is
MCQ 1.3.17
The trapezoidal pulse x (t) is time scaled producing y (t) = x a t k. The sketch for 5 y (t) is
Page 36
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.3.18
The trapezoidal pulse x (t) is applied to a differentiator, defined by y (t) = The total energy of y (t) is (A) 0 (C) 2 (B) 1 (D) 3
dx (t) . dt
MCQ 1.3.19
The total energy of x (t) is (A) 0 (C) 13/3 (B) 13 (D) 26/3
MCQ 1.3.20
MCQ 1.3.21
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.3.22
Page 37
MCQ 1.3.23
The function
MCQ 1.3.25
Page 38
MCQ 1.3.26
Chapter 1
Consider the signal x (t) = rect (t) tri (t). The graph of x (t) is
MCQ 1.3.27
A signal is defined as x (t) = 4tri (t). The value of x ( 1 ) is 2 (A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 0
MCQ 1.3.28
Statement for Q. 29 - 30 :
Let the CT unit impulse function be defined by (x) = lim b 1 l tri a x k, a > 0 "0 The function (x) has an area of one regardless the value of
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.3.29
Page 39
What is the area of the function (4x) ? (A) 1 (C) 4 (B) 1 4 (D) 2
MCQ 1.3.30
What is the area of the function ( 6x) ? (A) 1 (B) 1/6 (C) 4 (D) 2
MCQ 1.3.31
t 3 A signal x (t) is defined as x (t) = 2tri [2 (t 1)] + 6rect ( 4 ). The value of x ( 2 ) is (A) 4 (B) 5
(C) 6
MCQ 1.3.32
(D) 7
MCQ 1.3.33
Consider the voltage waveform shown below The equation for v (t) is
Page 40
MCQ 1.3.34
Chapter 1
Consider the following function for the rectangular voltage pulse shown below (1) v (t) = u (a t) # u (t b) (2) v (t) = u (b t) # u (t a) (3) v (t) = u (t a) u (t b)
The function that describe the pulse are (A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 3 (C) 1 and 3
MCQ 1.3.35
(D) all
A signal is described by x (t) = r (t 4) r (t 6), where r (t) is a ramp function starting at t = 0 . The signal x (t) is represented as
MCQ 1.3.36
Chapter 1
Page 41
MCQ 1.3.38
MCQ 1.3.39
Page 42
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.3.40
MCQ 1.3.41
(C) x ( 1 t + 1) + x ( 2 t + 5 ) + (t + 3) + x (2t + 7) 2 3 3
3 (D) x (2t 1) + x ( 2 t 5 ) + x (t 3) + x (2t 7) 3
Chapter 1
Page 43
MCQ 1.3.42
The mathematical function for x 1 (t) is (A) 2tu (t) 4 (t + 1) u (t 1) + 2 (t + 2) u (t 2) (B) 2tu (t) 4 (t 1) u (t 1) + 2 (t 2) u (t 2) (C) 2tu (t) 4 (t 1) u (t + 1) + 2 (t 2) u (t + 2) (D) None of the above
MCQ 1.3.43
/ x (t + 2k)
1
(B) (D)
/ x (t 2k)
1
k = 3 3
/ x (t 2k)
1
k = 3
/ x (t + 2k)
1
/ x (t 2k)
1
***********
EXCERCISE 1.4
MCQ 1.4.1
IES EC 2009
A function of one or more variable which conveys information on the nature of physical phenomenon is called (A) Noise (B) Interference (C) System (D) Signal
MCQ 1.4.2
GATE IN 2006
The Fourier series for a periodic signal is given as x (t) = cos (1.2t) + cos (2t) + cos (2.8t) The fundamental frequency of the signal is (A) 0.2 Hz (B) 0.6 Hz (C) 1.0 Hz (D) 1.4 Hz
MCQ 1.4.3
GATE IN 2007
Consider the periodic signal x (t) = (1 + 0.5 cos 40t) cos 200t , where t is in seconds. Its fundamental frequency, in Hz, is (A) 20 (B) 40 (C) 100 (D) 200
MCQ 1.4.4
GATE IN 2009
The fundamental period of x (t) = 2 sin 2t + 3 sin 3t , with t expressed in seconds, is (A) 1 s (B) 0.67 s (C) 2 s (D) 3 s
MCQ 1.4.5
IES EC 1999
The period of the function cos [/4 (t 1)] is (A) 1/8 s (B) 8 s (C) 4 s (D) 1/4 s
MCQ 1.4.6
IES EC 2001
If x1 (t) = 2 sin t + cos 4t and x2 (t) = sin 5t + 3 sin 13t , then (A) x1 and x2 both are periodic (B) x1 and x2 both are not periodic (C) x1 is periodic, but x2 is not periodic (D) x1 is not periodic, but x2 is periodic
MCQ 1.4.7
IES EC 2003
The sum of two or more arbitrary sinusoids is (A) Always periodic (B) Periodic under certain conditions
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Chapter 1
Page 45
(C) Never periodic (D) Periodic only if all the sinusoids are identical in frequency and phase
MCQ 1.4.8
IES EC 2004
Which one of the following must be satisfied if a signal is to be periodic for 3 < t < 3 ? (B) x (t + T0) = dx (t) /dt (A) x (t + T0) = x (t) (C) x (t + T0) =
#t
T0
x (t) dt
MCQ 1.4.9
IES EC 2007
Consider two signals x1 (t) = e j 20t and x2 (t) = e( 2 + j) t . Which one of the following statements is correct ? (A) Both x1 (t) and x2 (t) are periodic (B) x1 (t) is periodic but x2 (t) is not periodic (C) x2 (t) is periodic but x1 (t) is not periodic (D) Neither x1 (t) nor x2 (t) is periodic
MCQ 1.4.10
IES EC 2008
Which one of the following function is a periodic one ? (A) sin (10t) + sin (20t) (B) sin (10t) + sin (20t) (C) sin (10t) + sin (20t) (D) sin (10t) + sin (25t) The period of the signal x (t) = 8 sin `0.8t + j is 4 (A) 0.4 s (B) 0.8 s (C) 1.25 s (D) 2.5 s
MCQ 1.4.11
GATE EE 2010
MCQ 1.4.12
IES EC 2009
A signal x1 (t) and x2 (t) constitute the real and imaginary parts respectively of a complex valued signal x (t). What form of waveform does x (t) possess ? (A) Real symmetric (B) Complex symmetric (C) Asymmetric (D) Conjugate symmetric
MCQ 1.4.13
IES EC 1991
If from the function f (t) one forms the function, (t) = f (t) + f ( t), then (t) is (A) even (B) odd (C) neither even nor odd (D) both even and odd
MCQ 1.4.14
IES EC 2001
(C) an energy as well as a power signal (D) neither an energy nor a power signal
MCQ 1.4.15
IES EC 2007
Which one of the following is the mathematical representation for the average power of the signal x (t) ? T T (A) 1 # x (t) dt (B) 1 # x2 (t) dt T 0 T 0 (C) 1 T
# T/2 x (t) dt
T/2
# T/2 x 2 (t) dt
T/2
Page 46
MCQ 1.4.16
IES EC 2007
Chapter 1
Which one of the following is correct ? Energy of a power signal is (A) finite (C) infinite (B) zero (D) between 1 and 2
MCQ 1.4.17
GATE EC 2005
The power in the signal s (t) = 8 cos (20 ) + 4 sin (15t) is 2 (A) 40 (C) 42 (B) 41 (D) 82
MCQ 1.4.18
GATE EE 2006
Which of the following is true ? (A) A finite signal is always bounded (B) A bounded signal always possesses finite energy (C) A bounded signal is always zero outside the interval [ t0, t0] for some t0 (D) A bounded signal is always finite
MCQ 1.4.19
GATE EC 2001
If a signal f (t) has energy E , the energy of the signal f (2t) is equal to (A) 1 (C) 2E (B) E/2 (D) 4E
MCQ 1.4.20
IES EC 2001
If a function f (t) u (t) is shifted to right side by t 0 , then the function can be expressed as (A) f (t t 0) u (t) (C) f (t t 0) u (t t 0) (B) f (t) u (t t 0) (D) f (t + t 0) u (t + t 0)
MCQ 1.4.21
IES EC 1999
Chapter 1
Page 47
MCQ 1.4.22
IES EC 2005
A signal v [n] is defined by Z1 ; n=1 ] ] v [n] = [ 1 ; n = 1 ]0 ; n = 0 and n > 1 \ Which is the value of the composite signal defined as v [n] + v [ n] ? (A) 0 for all integer values of n (B) 2 for all integer values of n (C) 1 for all integer values of n (D) 1 for all integer values of n
MCQ 1.4.23
IES EC 2011
Which one of the following relations is not correct ? (A) f (t) (t) = f (0) (t) (C) (B)
# f (t) () d = 1
3 3
() d = 1
(D) f (t) (t ) = f () (t )
MCQ 1.4.24
GATE EC 2006
The Dirac delta function (t) is defined as 3 1 t=0 (A) (t) = ) (B) (t) = ) 0 otherwise 0
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
t=0 otherwise
Page 48
Chapter 1
1 t=0 (C) (t) = ) and 0 otherwise 3 t=0 (D) (t) = ) and 0 otherwise
MCQ 1.4.25
GATE EC 2001
# (t) dt = 1
3 3
# (t) dt = 1
3 3
Let (t) denote the delta function. The value of the integral (A) 1 (C) 0 (B) 1 (D)
2
(t) cos b 3t l dt is 2 3
3
MCQ 1.4.26
GATE IN 2010
(B) 3 (D) 0 1 2
MCQ 1.4.27
GATE IN 2011
3 2 t 2 /2
te
(A) (C)
MCQ 1.4.28
IES EC 1995
(B)
(D) 1
Double integration of a unit step function would lead to (A) an impulse (C) a ramp (B) a parabola (D) a doublet
MCQ 1.4.29
GATE EC 2005
The function x (t) is shown in the figure. Even and odd parts of a unit step function u (t) are respectively,
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.4.30
IES EC 1991
Page 49
The expression for the wave form in terms of step function is given by
The impulse train shown in the figure represents the second derivative of a function f (t). The value of f (t) is
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:
Page 50
Chapter 1
B 2 4 3 3
C 3 1 2 1
D 4 2 1 2
Which one of the following gives the correct description of the waveform shown in the above diagram ? (B) u (t) + (t 1) u (t 1) (A) u (t) + u (t 1) (C) u (t) + u (t 1) + (t 2) u (t 2) (D) u (t) + (t 2) u (t 2)
Chapter 1
MCQ 1.4.34
GATE EE 1994
Page 51
Match the waveforms on the left-hand side with the correct mathematical description listed on the right hand side.
(A) P-1, Q-3, R-4, S-2 (C) P-1, Q-6, R-2, S-4
MCQ 1.4.35
IES EC 2005
(B) P-3, Q-6, R-4, S-1 (d) P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1
In the graph shown below, which one of the following express v (t) ?
***********
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
SOLUTIONS 1.1
SOLUTIONS 1.2
SOL 1.2.1
Option (A) is correct. T1 = 2 = 1 4 2 Period of cos (3t), T2 = 2 = 2 3 3 T1 = 1/2 = 3 (rational) Ratio, T2 2/3 4 So, the signal x (t) is periodic. Period of x (t), T = LCM (T1, T2) = LCM b 1 , 2 l = 2 sec 2 3 Alternate Method : T1 = m n T2 Period of sin (4t), Fundamental period of x (t) T = nT1 = mT2 T1 = 3 = m Here n T2 4 Thus m = 3, n = 4 Period of x (t), or T = nT1 = 4 # 1 = 2 sec 2 T = mT2 = 3 # 2 = 2 sec 3
SOL 1.2.2
Option (D) is correct. T1 = 2 = 1 4 2 Period of cos (10t), T2 = 2 = 10 5 T1 = 1/2 = 5 (not rational) Here T2 /5 2 Since the ratio T1 /T2 is not rational, x (t) is not periodic. Period of sin (4t),
SOL 1.2.3
Option (A) is correct. For x1 (t) : Period of sin (8t), Period of cos (6t),
T1 = 2 = 8 T2 = 2 = 6
1 4 1 3
Page 54
Chapter 1
T1 = 1/4 = 3 (rational) T2 1/3 4 Ratio T1 /T2 is a rational number, therefore x1 (t) is a periodic signal. For x2 (t) : Period of sin (8t), T1 = 2 = 1 8 4 Period of cos (20t), T2 = 2 = 20 10 T1 = 1/4 = 5 (not rational) Check for periodicity T2 /10 2 Ratio T1 /T2 is not rational, therefore x2 (t) is not periodic. Now
SOL 1.2.4
sin A cos B = x (t) = sin ;b 2 l tE cos ;b 4 l tE 5 3 = 1 ;sin b 2 4 l t + sin b 2 + 4 l tE 2 5 3 5 3 = 1 ;sin b 14 l t + sin b 26 l tE 2 15 15 = x1 (t) + x2 (t) 2 Period of x1 (t), T1 = = 15 7 (14/15) 2 15 Period of x2 (t), T2 = = (26/15) 13 T1 = 15/7 = 13 = m (rational) n T2 7 15/13 Here m = 13 and n = 7 . Let period of x (t) is T , then T = mT2 = nT1 Thus, T = 13 # 15 = 15 sec 13 or T = 7 # 15 = 15 sec 7 Alternate Method : Period of x (t), T = LCM (T1, T2) T = LCM b 15 , 15 l 7 13 = 15 sec SOL 1.2.5
Period of f1 (t), T1 = 2 = 3 unit 2/3 f2 (t) can be written as f2 (t) = 1 ;sin b 2 4 l t + sin b 2 + 4 l tE 2 5 3 5 3 = 1 ;sin b 14 l t + sin b 26 l tE 2 15 15 Let f2 (t) = f21 (t) + f22 (t)
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Chapter 1
Page 55
2 = 15 7 (14/15) 2 Period of f22 (t), T22 = = 15 (26/15) 13 T21 = 15/7 = 13 (rational) Ratio, T22 7 15/13 So, f2 (t) is periodic. Period of f21 (t), T21 = T2 = LCM (T21, T22) = LCM b 15 , 15 l = 15 sec 7 13 Period of f3 (t), T3 = 2 unit 3 f4 (t) = f1 (t) 2f3 (t) Ratio T1 = 3 = 9 (not rational) T3 2/3 2 Therefore f4 (t) is aperiodic. Codes, P " 2, Q " 1, R " 4, S " 3 Period of f2 (t),
SOL 1.2.6
Option (C) is correct Signal sin (10t) u (t) is not periodic as it is defined for t > 0 only. Option (B) is correct. Let, g (t) = 2 cos (10t + 1) + sin (4t 1) 1 44 g (t) 44 3 1 44 g (t) 44 3 42 4 2
1 2
SOL 1.2.7
Period of g1 (t), T1 = 2 = sec 10 5 Period of g2 (t), T2 = 2 = sec 2 4 T1 = /5 = 2 (rational) Ratio, T2 /2 5 Therefore, g (t) is periodic Period of g (t),
SOL 1.2.8
Option (D) is correct. All the given signals are periodic. Period of x1 (t), T1 = 2 = 2 4 Period of x2 (t), T2 = 2 = 2 Period of x 3 (t), T3 = 2 = 2 4 None of the above signals is aperiodic.
SOL 1.2.9
Page 56
Chapter 1
So,
SOL 1.2.10
Option (B) is correct. t, g ( t) = * 0, Even part ge (t) = 1 [g (t) + g ( t)] 2 Z t/2, 1 # t < 0 ] = [t/2, 0#t<1 ]0, elsewhere \ Graphically : 1 # t < 0 elsewhere
SOL 1.2.11
Chapter 1
Page 57
Option (B) is correct. Unit step signal is given as 1, t > 0 x (t) = * 0, t < 0 Odd part is given by xo (t) = 1 [x (t) x ( t)] 2 This is shown graphically as below :
SOL 1.2.13
Option (D) is correct. Shift x (t) 3/4 units to the left and 3/4 units to the right and then adding both together, we get g (t) as shown below :
The signal g (t) is symmetrical with respect to vertical axis so odd part go (t) = 0
SOL 1.2.14
Option (D) is correct. For an odd signal xo ( t) = xo (t) xo (t) = xo ( t) xo (0) = xo ( 0) The only number with a = a is a = 0 so xo (0) = 0 For a signal we write x (t) = xe (t) + xo (t) For t = 0 , x (0) = xe (0) + xo (0) = xe (0) + 0 = xe (0)
Since xo (0) = 0
SOL 1.2.15
Option (B) is correct. For any odd signal xo ( t) = xo (t). Thus the complete odd part is in option (B).
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Page 58
SOL 1.2.16
Chapter 1
Option (D) is correct. For any signal or x (t) = xe (t) + xo (t) xe (t) = x (t) xo (t)
Since we have x (t) and xo (t) for t $ 0 only, from above equation we can plot xe ^ t h for t $ 0 as shown below.
Even part of any signal is symmetric about vertical axis that is xe ( t) = xe (t). Thus the complete even part is as shown above.
SOL 1.2.17
Odd part,
Chapter 1
Page 59
SOL 1.2.18
g1 (t) dt =
2
# 25dt = 100
2
P1 = lim 1 E1 = 0 T T"3
Since g1 (t) has finite energy, it is an energy signal. For signal g2 (t) Energy, E2 = P2 = 1 8 =1 8
g2 (t) 2 dt = 3
Average power,
#
4 2
g2 (t) 2 dt
The signal g2 (t) has finite power, so it is a power signal. Alternate Method : We know that most periodic signals are usually power signals and most non-periodic signals are considered to be energy signals. g1 (t) is non-periodic, so it is an energy signal. g2 (t) is periodic so it is a power signal.
SOL 1.2.19
g (t) 2 dt =
# 25dt = 150
3
Pg = lim 1 Eg = 0 T"3T
SOL 1.2.20
x (t) 2 dt = 3
Page 60
Chapter 1
Average Power,
Px = 1 8 =1 8
#
4 2
x (t) 2 dt
SOL 1.2.21
Option (D) is correct. The signal is unbounded, therefore it is not an energy signal. Option (C) is correct. x (t) = 20 cos (5t) cos (10t) V = 10 [cos 15t + cos 5t] = 10 cos 15t + 10 cos 5t (10) 2 (10) 2 Power + = 100 W Px = 2 2 rms value Xrms = 100 = 10 volt Option (A) is correct. Here x (t) = e j (2t + /4) = 1 Energy of the signal The power of signal, = lim 1 T " 3 2T Option (B) is correct. Power, Px = 1 T =1 7 Ex =
SOL 1.2.22
SOL 1.2.23
x (t) dt =
2
# 1 dt = 3
3
#
T
x (t) 2 dt
# 1 dt = lim 21 (2T) = 1 T
T"3
Since x (t) has finite power and infinite energy, therefore it is a power signal.
SOL 1.2.24
#
0
x (t) 2 dt , x (t) 2 dt
2
T " Period
#
0
SOL 1.2.25
#
3
x (t) 2 dt = 12 units
Chapter 1
Page 61
Let,
x2 (t) = x (3t)
1 1
#
1
x2 (t) dt =
2
#
1
x (3t) 2 dt
Let 3t = $ dt = 1 d 3 So E2 = 1 3
#
3
x () 2 d = 1 # Ex = 4 unit 3
Option (B) is correct. x (t) = e t , x ( t) = e t = e t = x (t) Since x (t) = x ( t), it is an even signal. Signal x (t) is bounded, so it is has some finite energy.
SOL 1.2.27
Option (A) is correct. y (t) is multiplication of x1 (t) and x2 (t). For interval 0 # t # 1, so, For 1 # t # 2 , x1 (t) = t, x2 (t) = 1 y (t) = x1 (t) x2 (t) = t x1 (t) = 1, x2 (t) = 0.5 y (t) = x1 (t) x2 (t) = 0.5 For 2 # t # 3 , x1 (t) = 0.5, x2 (t) = 1.5 y (t) = x1 (t) x2 (t) = 0.75
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Page 62
SOL 1.2.28
Chapter 1
Option (C) is correct. Shift g (t) to the right by one time unit to obtain g (t 1) as shown below :
1 # t # 0, 0 # t # 1, 1 # t # 2, 2#t#3
= t 1, g (t 1) = 1 = t 1 = t, g (t 1) = 1 = t = 1, g (t 1) = t 2 = t2 = t + 3, g (t 1) = 1
x (t) = t + 3
Option (C) is correct. The waveform for signal g (t) and g (t/2) are drawn as below.
Signal g (t/2) is obtained by expanding the g (t) by a factor of 2 in the time domain.
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Chapter 1
SOL 1.2.31
Page 63
Option (C) is correct. The signal g (t) and its expanded signal by factor of 2 and 3 is shown below :
Option (B) is correct. 3 ^2t/3h is obtained by expanding (t) with a factor of 3/2 and scaling amplitude by a factor of 3.
Page 64
Chapter 1
SOL 1.2.33
x (t) 2 t
Now let the signal is time compressed by a factor of a y (t) = x (at) Energy of y (t) Ey =
x (at) 2 dt
at = & dt = 1 d a Ey = 1 a
x () 2 d = 1 Ex a
Option (B) is correct. To get g (t + 2) shift g (t) to the left by 2 time units. The signal is advanced by 2 time units. Option (D) is correct. The signal y (t) is the time delayed version of x (t) i.e y (t) = x (t 2) Option (A) is correct. The delayed version of x (t), y (t) = x (t 3) can be obtained directly by shifting x (t) to the right by 3 sec. Option (C) is correct. The time delayed signal g (t 2) can be obtained by shifting g (t) to the right by 2 time units. Option (C) is correct. First time reverse the signal g (t) to get g ( t) and then shift g ( t), toward right to get g ( t + 1) as shown in figure
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
SOL 1.2.35
SOL 1.2.36
SOL 1.2.37
SOL 1.2.38
Chapter 1
Page 65
SOL 1.2.39
x (t) 2 dt
x (at b) 2 dt
Put at b = $ dt = 1 d a So
SOL 1.2.40
E2 = 1 a
x () 2 d = 1 Ex a
f ( t)
f (4 t)
f (4 2t)
Alternate Method : As given in methodology of section 1.4, we can also follow the other sequence of operation which is given as f (t)
t " t+4 time shift
f (t + 4)
f (2t + 4)
f ( 2t + 4)
Page 66
SOL 1.2.41
Chapter 1
Option (C) is correct. First we obtain time reversal signal f ( t) by taking mirror image of f (t) along the vertical axis. Then by shifting f ( t) to the left by 3 units we get f ( t 3).
SOL 1.2.42
Option (C) is correct. We can see that y (2) so 2a + b Similarly y (8/3) 8a+ b So 3 From eq (i) and (ii) a
...(i) ...(ii)
SOL 1.2.43
Option (C) is correct. From the graph we can write x2 (t) = x1 (3t 6) = x1 [3 (t 2)]. So x2 (t), can be obtained by compressing x1 (t) by a factor of 3 and then delaying by 2 time units. Alternate Method : As given in methodology of section 1.4, x2 (t) can be obtained by shifting x1 (t) by 6 time units to the right and then by scaling(compressing) it with a factor of 3. This is not given in any of the four options.
SOL 1.2.44
Option (B) is correct. x1 (t) = x [0.5 (t 2)] or x1 (t) = x (0.5t 1) First shift x (t) to right by one unit to get x (t 1). Then, expand x (t 1) by a factor of 2 to get x a t 1k or x (0.5t 1) 2
If we change sequence of transformation by first doing scaling then shifting we get x (t)
t " 0.5t time scaling
x (0.5t)
Chapter 1
SOL 1.2.45
Page 67
Option (C) is correct. x2 (t) = x ( 0.5t 1) First shift x (t) to the right by 1 unit, we get x (t 1). Then, expand x (t 1) by a factor of 2 to get x (t/2 1)
Now fold signal x (0.5t 1) about the vertical axis to get x ( 0.5t 1)
Time scaling and time reversal are commutative, so we may change their order.
SOL 1.2.46
Option (B) is correct. In multiple transformation, we first do shifting then time scaling. From y (t), we can see that x (t) is shifted to right by 4 time units to get x (t 4). Then it is time expanded by a factor of 2 to get x (2t 4)
SOL 1.2.47
Option (C) is correct. First fold x (t), with respect to vertical axis. Then shift x ( t) toward right by 2 time units, to get x ( t + 2)
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Page 68
Chapter 1
SOL 1.2.48
SOL 1.2.49
Option (C) is correct. From the graphs, we can see that signal has no time shift (because origin is not shifted), so t 0 = 0 . Signal x (t) is magnitude scaled by a factor of 2 . Since, y (t) has half duration of x (t), so it is time compressed by a factor of 2. W =1 2 y (t) = 2x c t m = 2x (2t) 1 2 Option (B) is correct. The sequence of transformation x (t)
t " t/2 time scaling
xa t k 2
xb t 1 l 2
6 amplitude scaling
6x b t 1 l 2
SOL 1.2.50
Option (C) is correct. We can perform following sequence of transformation. t " 2t t " t t " t1 t x (1 2 ) time compression x (1 t) folding x (t + 1) time shifting
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
x (t)
Chapter 1
Page 69
Graphically it is obtained as
SOL 1.2.51
#e
3 3
(2t 2) dt =
#e
3
[2 (t 1)] dt
t
[2 (t 1)] = 1 (t 1) 2
e 1 (t 1) dt = 1 2 2
t at t = 1
#e
3
(t 1) dt
= 1 et 2 = 1 2e
SOL 1.2.52
# f (t) (t t ) = f (t )
0 0 3
Option (C) is correct. From the scaling property of impulse function we can see that [a (t t 0)] = 1 (t t 0) a Option (C) is correct. g (t) = 6 (3t + 9) = 6 [3 (t + 3)] [a (t + b)] = 1 (t + b) = 6 (t + 3) a 3 = 2 (t + 3) So, g (t) is an impulse with magnitude of 2 unit at t = 3 . Option (B) is correct. Here we can apply the shifting property of impulse function as below
SOL 1.2.53
SOL 1.2.54
# f (t) (t t ) dt = f (t )
0 0 3
Page 70
3
Chapter 1
Thus
SOL 1.2.55
x (t) =
# (t + 5) cos (t) dt
3
Option (C) is correct. First, fold the signal about t = 0 to get r ( t) and then shift r ( t) toward right to get r ( t + 2) as shown below
SOL 1.2.56
E1 =
x (t) dt =
2
# 1dt = 1 unit
0
E2 = =
# #
0 2
x2 (t) 2 dt
t2 dt +
# 4dt = 3
2 6t 2
x2 is unbounded
Energy of x 3 (t)
E3 = =
#
0
x 3 (t) 2 dt =
12t
# (1 + e
0
) dt
3 3
# (1 + e
+ 2e6t) dt = 3 ( x 3 is unbounded)
Option (B) is correct. x (t) = u (t + 2) 2u (t) + u (t 2) To draw x (t), we observe change in amplitude at different instants. 1. First at t = 2 , x (t) steps up with amplitude 1. 2. At t = 0 , another step is added with amplitude of 2 . So, the net amplitude
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Chapter 1
Page 71
becomes [1 + ( 2)] = 1. 3. Similarly at t = 2 , a step with amplitude 1 is added which causes net amplitude ( 1 + 1) = 0 .
SOL 1.2.58
Option (C) is correct. To sketch x (t), we observe change in amplitude of step signals at different instants of time. 1. At t = 3 , a step with magnitude 1 is added. 2. 3. 4. At t = 1, another step of magnitude + 2 is added which causes net magnitude (2 1) = 1. At t = 1, a step of magnitude 2 is added so net magnitude becomes (1 2) = 1. At t = 3 , a step with magnitude 1 is added, Now magnitude is ( 1 + 1) = 0 .
SOL 1.2.59
Option (B) is correct. x (t) = r (t + 2) r (t + 1) r (t 1) + r (t 2) To sketch x (t), we observe change in slope at different instants of time. 1. At t = 2 , a ramp with slope of 1 is added. 2. 3. 4. At t = 1, a ramp with slope of 1 is added, so net slope becomes ( 1 + 1) = 0 Similarly, at t = 1, a ramp of slope 1 is added with causes net slope ( 1 + 0) = 1 Again, at t = 2 a ramp of slope 1 is added and the net slope becomes zero.
************
SOLUTIONS 1.3
SOL 1.3.1
SOL 1.3.2
SOL 1.3.3
Option (D) is correct. Signal x (t) is not periodic because of the term 5t which is aperiodic in nature. Option (D) is correct. Not periodic because least common multiple of periods of sin 3t and sin t is infinite. Option (A) is correct. Even part of x (t), xe (t) = 1 [x (t) + x ( t)] 2
SOL 1.3.4
SOL 1.3.5
Chapter 1
SOL 1.3.6
Page 73
SOL 1.3.7
Page 74
SOL 1.3.8
Chapter 1
x (t) dt < 3 =
3 4t
u (t) dt =
#
0
3 4t
dt = 1 4
SOL 1.3.9
# #
3 3
(1) dt = 3
Energy of x (t) is infinite, therefore this is a power signal not an energy signal. T 2 Power of x (t), x (t) dt = 1 Px = lim 1 T " 3 2T T
SOL 1.3.10
x (t) 2 dt =
/
1 (cos t + 1) 2 dt 4
=2 4 =1 2
#
0
#
0
= 1 b 3 la k = 3 2 2 4
SOL 1.3.11
Option (B) is correct. First we shift x (t) and y (t) to the right by 1 unit, to get x (t 1) and y (t 1) respectively. Now by adding x (t 1) and y (t 1), we get f 1 (t) as shown below
SOL 1.3.12
Option (A) is correct. First we shift x (t) to the right by 1 unit to get x (t 1) and y (t) to the left by 1 unit to get y (t + 1). Now, adding x (t 1) and y (t + 1) we will get f 2 (t) as shown below
Chapter 1
SOL 1.3.13
Page 75
Option (A) is correct. First we shift x (t) to the right by 0.5 unit, and y (t) to the left by 0.5 unit to get x (t 0.5) and y (t + 0.5) respectively. Now, adding x (t 0.5) and y (t + 0.5) we will get f 3 (t) as shown below
SOL 1.3.14
Option (D) is correct. f4 (t) can be obtained by performing multiple operation on x (t). First delay x (t) by 1 unit, we get x (t 1). Now, time expand x (t 1) by a factor of 2, we get x ^t/2 1h or x (0.5t 1). In last step, f4 (t) can is obtained by multiplying x (0.5t 1) with a constant 1.5. Graphically, these steps are performed as shown below :
SOL 1.3.15
Option (C) is correct. y (t) = x (10t 5) The sequence of transformation is t " t5 t " 10t x (t) time shift x (t 4) time scaling This can be performed in following steps
x (10t 5)
SOL 1.3.16
Option (D) is correct. Multiplication of independent variable t by 5 will bring compression on time scale. It may be checked by x (5 # 0.8) = x (4).
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Page 76
SOL 1.3.17
Chapter 1
SOL 1.3.18
Option (A) is correct. Division of independent variable t by 5 will bring expansion on time scale. It may be checked by y (20) = x b 20 l = x (4) 5 Option (C) is correct. Mathematically, the function x (t) can be defined as Zt + 5, for 5 < t < 4 ] x (t) = [ t + 5, for 4<t<5 ]1, for 4 < t < 4 \ Z1, for 5 < t < 4 dx (t) ] y (t) = = [ 1, for 4<t<5 dt ]0, for 4 < t < 4 \ Energy of y (t) is calculated as Ey =
y (t) 2 dt =
(1) 2 dt +
#
4
( 1) 2 dt = 2
SOL 1.3.19
x (t) 2 dt = 2
4
#
0 5
x 2 (t) dt
=2
SOL 1.3.20
#
0
(1) 1 dt + 2
#
4
(5 t) 2 dt = 8 + 2 = 36 3 3
Chapter 1
Page 77
SOL 1.3.21
#
so,
(t a) dt = 1, for t = a otherwise 0.
[ (t + 3) 2 (4t)] t =
(t + 3) dt 2
# (4t) dt
1
Page 78
Chapter 1
= 02 = 2 4
# (4t)
1 8
(t) = 1 2 1
#
SOL 1.3.22
since a (t t 0) = 1 (t t 0) a
SOL 1.3.23
Option (A) is correct. From the shifting property of impulse function, we know that
#
So,
x (t) (t t 0) dt = x (t 0)
y () = =
# #
3 3
x () [ ( 2) + ( + 2)] d x () [ ( 2)] d +
x () [ ( + 2)] d
= x (2) + x ( 2)
SOL 1.3.24
(at b) sin2 (t 4) dt =
(u b) sin2 a u 4 kdu a a
3
=1 a
(u b) sin2 a u 4 k du a 3 since
sin2 b b 4 l a = a
SOL 1.3.25
x (t) (t t 0) dt = x (t 0)
Chapter 1
Page 79
SOL 1.3.26
SOL 1.3.27
Page 80
SOL 1.3.28
Chapter 1
SOL 1.3.29
Option (B) is correct. 1 x This is triangle with the same height as ( ) tri ( ), but 1/4 times the base width. Therefore, its area is 1/4 times as that of area of (x) or 1/4. Option (B) is correct. This is a triangle with the same height as (x) but 1/6 times the base width. The fact that the factor is 6 instead of 6, just, means that the triangle is reversed in time which does not change its shape or area. Thus its area is 1/6 times as that of (x) or 1/6. The area of function (bx) = lim 1 tri b bx l, a > 0 is 1 a a"0 a b Option (C) is correct. x (t) = 2tri [2 (t 1)] + 6rect a t k 4 x b 3 l = 2tri ;2 b 3 1lE + 6rect b 3 l 2 2 8 = 2tri (1) + 6rect b 3 l = 2 [1 (1)] + 6 = 6 8
SOL 1.3.30
SOL 1.3.31
SOL 1.3.32
Chapter 1
Page 81
SOL 1.3.33
Option (D) is correct. v (t) is sum of 3 unit step signal starting from 1, 2, and 3, all signal ends at 4.
SOL 1.3.34
Option (B) is correct. Unit step function u (t) and its folded version u ( t) are shown in the figures below
Now, by shifting u ( t) to the right by a units and b units, we get u (a t) and u (b t) respectively.
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Page 82
Chapter 1
Similarly, by shifting u (t) to the the right by a units and b units, we get u (t a) and u (t b).
From the above graphs, we can see that v (t) = u (t a) u (t b) and, v (t) = u (b t) # u (t a)
SOL 1.3.35
Signal r (t 4) and r (t 6) are obtained by shifting r (t) towards right by 4 units and 6 units respectively. Now we subtract r (t 6) from r (t 4) to get x (t).
Chapter 1
Page 83
SOL 1.3.36
Zt 4, 4<t<6 ] Now r (t 4) r (t 6) = [t 4 t + 6, t>6 ]0, t<4 \ Zt 4, 4<t<6 ] = [2, t>6 ]0, t<4 \ Option (C) is correct. To obtain the expression for x (t), we note the change in amplitude and slope at different instants of time and write expression for each change. The steps are as follows : 1. At t = 0 , the function steps from 0 to 3, for a change in amplitude of 3. Also the slope of function changes from 0 to 3 , for a change in slope of 3 ; so we write x1 (t) = (3 0) u (t 0) + ( 3 0) (t 0) u (t 0) = 3u (t) 3tu (t) = 3 (1 t) u (t) At t = 1, the function steps from 0 to 1.5, for a change in amplitude of 1.5. Also the slope of function changes from 3 to 1.5 , for a change in slope of 1.5; so we write x2 (t) = 1.5u (t 1) + 1.5 (t 1) u (t 1) = 1.5u (t 1) + 1.5tu (t 1) 1.5u (t 1) = 1.5tu (t 1) At t = 3 , the function steps up from 1.5 to 0, for a change in amplitude of 1.5. Also the slope of function changes from 1.5 to 0, for a change in slope of 1.5; so we write
2.
3.
x3 (t) = 1.5u (t 3) + 1.5 (t 3) u (t 3) = 1.5u (t 3) + 1.5tu (t 3) 4.5u (t 3) = 1.5tu (t 3) 3u (t 3) = 1.5 (t 2) u (t 3) Hence the equation for x (t) is x (t) = x1 (t) + x2 (t) + x3 (t) = 3 (1 t) u (t) + 1.5tu (t 1) + 1.5 (t 2) u (t 3)
SOL 1.3.37
Option (A) is correct. To obtain the waveform for x (t), we observe change in magnitude of unit step signals at different instants of time. 1. At t = 1, a step with magnitude 1 is added, so magnitude at t = 1 is 1. 2. 3. At t = 1, another step of magnitude 2 is added, so net amplitude becomes (1 2) = 1 At t = 3 , a step of magnitude 1 is added which causes net magnitude ( 1 + 1) = 0
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Page 84
Chapter 1
Alternate Method : From the expression we get For 1 < t < 1, x (t) = 1 For 1 < t < 3 , x (t) = 1 For t > 3 , x (t) = 0
SOL 1.3.38
Option (D) is correct. Rearranging the given expression x (t) = 2u (t + 2) + u (t + 1) + u (t) The sketch of x (t) is obtained using following steps : 1. At t = 2 , a step of magnitude 2 is added, so magnitude at t = 2 is 2 2. 3. At t = 1, another step of magnitude 1 is added which causes net magnitude to become ( 2 + 1) = 1 At t = 0 , another step of magnitude 1 is added, the net amplitude now becomes ( 1 + 1) = 0 .
Alternate Method: For 2 < t < 1, x (t) = 2 For 1 < t < 0 , x (t) = 1 For 0 < t , x (t) = 0
SOL 1.3.39
Option (B) is correct. By observing both the change in amplitude and change in slope, we get x (t) as following : 1. At t = 1, a ramp of slope 2 is added, so the net slope of function becomes (0 + 2) = 2 2. 3. At t = 2 , a ramp of slope 2 is added which causes net slope to becomes (2 2) = 0 At t = 3 , another ramp of slope 2 is added, now net slope of function becomes (0 + 2) = 2
Alternate Method : For 1 < t < 2 , x (t) = 2 (t 1) For 2 < t < 3 , x (t) = 2 For 3 < t , x (t) = 2t 2
SOL 1.3.40
Option (D) is correct. Rewriting the x (t) as below x (t) = tu (t) + (t 1) u (t 1) + 2u (t 1) u (t 2) 1. At t = 0 , a ramp of slope 1 is added. 2. 3. At t = 1, another ramp of slope 1 is added, so net slope at this instant becomes ( 1 + 1) = 0 At t = 1, a step of amplitude 2 is added, so amplitude of x (t) becomes
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Chapter 1
Page 85
SOL 1.3.41
Option (A) is correct. We may represent y (t) as the superposition of 4 rectangular pulses as follows
y (t) = y1 (t) + y2 (t) + y 3 (t) + y 4 (t) y1 (t), y2 (t), y 3 (t) and y 4 (t) are the time shifted and time scaled version of function x (t) with different factors. In general yi (t) = x (ai t bi) i = 1, 2, 3, 4 y1 (t) = x (a1 t b) For t = 0 , y1 (0) = x (a1 # 0 b1) = x ( 1) & a1 # 0 b1 = 1 b1 = 1 For t = 4 , y1 (4) = x (a1 # 4 b1) = x (1) & a1 # 4 b 1 = 1 4a1 = 1 + b1 & a1 = 1/2 y1 (t) = x b 1 t 1l 2 y2 (t) = x (a2 t b2) For t = 1, y2 (1) = x (a2 # 1 b2) = x ( 1) ...(i) & a2 b2 = 1 For t = 4 , y2 (4) = x (a2 # 4 b2) = x (1) ...(ii) & 4a2 b2 = 1 Solving equation (i) and (ii), we get a = 2/3 and b = 5/3 Thus, y2 (t) = x b 2 t 5 l 3 3 Similarly, we can obtain y 3 (t) and y 4 (t) also y 3 (t) = x (t 3) y 4 (t) = x (2t 7) Accordingly, we may express the staircase signal y (t) in terms of the rectangular pulses x (t) as follows:
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Page 86
Chapter 1
SOL 1.3.42
y (t) = x b 1 t 1l + x b 2 t 5 l + x (t 3) + x (2t 7) 2 3 3 Option (B) is correct. x1 (t) can be obtained using following methodology 1. At t = 0 , slope changes from 0 to 2, so we write x1l(t) = 2tu (t) 2. At t = 1, slope change from 2 to 2 for a change of 4 in slope; so we write x1m (t) = 4 (t 1) u (t 1) 3. At t = 2 , slope changes from 2 to 0 for a change of 2 in slope; so we write x1 n (t) = 2 (t 2) u (t 2) Thus, x (t) = x1l(t) + x1m (t) + x1 n (t) = 2tu (t) 4 (t 1) u (t 1) + 2 (t 2) u (t 2) Option (B) is correct. The expression for periodic waveform is x (t) =
k = 3
SOL 1.3.43
/ x (t kT )
1 0
/ x (t 2k)
1
***********
SOLUTIONS 1.4
SOL 1.4.1
Option (D) is correct. A signal conveys information on the nature of physical phenomenon. Option (A) is correct. x (t) = cos (1.2t) + cos (2t) + cos (2.8t) Frequency of cos (1.2t), f1 = 0.6 Hz Frequency of cos (2t), f2 = 1 Hz Frequency of cos (2.8t), f3 = 1.4 Hz Fundamental Frequency of x (t) will be greatest common divisor of f1, f = GCD (f1, f2, f3) = 0.2 Hz
SOL 1.4.2
SOL 1.4.3
Option (A) is correct. We have x (t) = cos (200t) + 0.5 cos (40t) cos (200t) = cos (200t) + 1 cos 240t + 1 cos (360t) 4 4 Fundamental frequency of (cos 200t), f1 = 100 Hz 2f1 = 200 Fundamental frequency of (cos 240t), f2 = 120 Hz 2f2 = 240 Fundamental frequency of (cos 360t), f3 = 180 Hz 2f3 = 360t Fundamental frequency of x (t) is greatest common devisor of f1, f2 and f3 , i. e. f = GCD (f1, f2, f3) = 20 Hz Option (C) is correct. x (t) = 2 sin (2t) + 3 sin (3t) Period of sin (2t), T1 = 2 = 1 sec 2 Period of sin (3t), T2 = 2 = 2 sec 3 3 T1 = m = 1 = 3 Ratio n T2 ^2/3h 2 Period of x (t), T = LCM d1, 2 n = 2 3
SOL 1.4.4
SOL 1.4.5
Option (B) is correct. We have Period of f (t), f (t) = cos 9 (t 1)C 4 T = 2 = 2 = 8 sec (/4)
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Page 88
SOL 1.4.6
Chapter 1
Option (A) is correct. x1 (t) = 2 sin t + cos 4t Period of sin t , T11 = 2 = 2 Period of cos 4t , T12 = 2 = 1 4 2 T11 = 2 = 4 (rational) T12 (1/2) Since ratio of T11 and T12 is rational, x1 (t) is periodic. x2 (t) = sin 5t + 3 sin 13t Period of sin 5t , T21 = 2 = 2 5 5 Period of sin 13t , T22 = 2 = 2 13 13 T21 = (2/5) = 13 (rational) 5 T22 (2/13) Since ratio of T21 and T21 is rational, x2 (t) is also periodic. Option (B) is correct. The sum of two sinusoids is periodic if ratio of their periods is rational. Option (A) is correct. A signal is said to be periodic if it repeats at regular interval. If x (t) is periodic with period T0 it must satisfies. x (t + T0) = x (t) Option (B) is correct. We have x1 (t) = e j20t Period of x1 (t), T1 = 2 = 20 10 x2 (t) = e (2 + j) t 2 is not rational, so x (t) is not periodic. 2 (2 + j) Option (A) is correct. (A) x1 (t) = sin (10t) + sin (20t) Period of sin (10t), T11 = 2 = 1 10 5 Period of sin (20t), T12 = 2 = 1 20 10 11 = 1/5 = 2 (rational) Ratio T12 1/10 Since ration of T11 and T12 is rational, x1 (t) is periodic. Since, (B) Period of sin (10t), x2 (t) = sin (10t) + sin (20t) T21 = 2 = 10 5
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
SOL 1.4.7
SOL 1.4.8
SOL 1.4.9
SOL 1.4.10
Chapter 1
Page 89
T22 = 2 = 1 20 10 T21 = /5 = 2 Ratio, (not rational) T22 1/10 Since T21 /T22 is not rational, x2 (t) is not periodic. Similarly, we can check for option (C) and (D) also. Both are aperiodic. Period of sin (20t),
SOL 1.4.11
SOL 1.4.12
Option (D) is correct. x (t) = x1 (t) + jx2 (t) A complex valued signal always possess conjugate symmetry. Option (A) is correct. (t) = f (t) + f ( t) ( t) = f ( t) + f (t) Since (t) = ( t)
SOL 1.4.13
SOL 1.4.14
SOL 1.4.15
SOL 1.4.16
Option (B) is correct. We have x (t) = A cos (t + ) We know that most of the periodic signals are power signal. x (t) is also a periodic signal and has finite power. 2 px = A 2 Option (D) is correct. Average power of signal is given by T/2 P = lim 1 # x (t) 2 dt T " 3 T T/2 Note : If x (t) is periodic, then T has finite value and above expression becomes as T/2 T P = 1 # x (t) 2 dt = 1 # x (t) 2 dt T 0 T T/2 Option (C) is correct. Energy of a power signal is infinite while the power of an energy signal is zero. Option (A) is correct. s (t) = 8 cos ` 20t j + 4 sin 15t 2 = 8 sin 20t + 4 sin 15t Here A1 = 8 and A2 = 4 . Thus power is 2 2 2 2 P = A1 + A2 = 8 + 4 = 40 2 2 2 2 Option (B) is correct. A bounded signal always possesses some finite energy. E =
SOL 1.4.17
SOL 1.4.18
#-t
t0
0
g (t) 2 dt < 3
Page 90
SOL 1.4.19
Chapter 1
Option (B) is correct. Let E be the energy of f (t) and E1 be the energy of f (2t), then E = and E1 =
# # #
3 3
[f (t)] 2 dt [f (2t)] 2 dt dp 1 = 2 2
Substituting 2t = p we get E1 =
SOL 1.4.20
3 3
[f (p)] 2
[f (p)] 2 dp = E 2
Option (C) is correct. If a function f (t) is shifted to right side by t 0 units, then the shifted function is expressed as f (t t 0) u (t t 0). Let, f (t) = t + 2
x (t) = f (t 1) u (t 1) If we write, x (t) = f (t) u (t 1) For t = 0 x (0) = f (0) = 2 But, x (0) = 0 (In the graph) So f (t) u (t t 0) is not correct expression for shifted signal.
SOL 1.4.21
Option (A) is correct. The plot of given signal x (t) is shown below
First reflect the signal about the vertical axis to obtain x ( t). Then shift x ( t) towards right by 1 unit to get x ( t + 1). Both operation is shown below
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Chapter 1
Page 91
SOL 1.4.22
Option (B) is correct. Product property of impulse function f (t) (t t 0) = f (t 0) (t t 0) For t 0 = 0 , f (t) (t) = f (0) (t) Shifting property of impulse function
3 # 3 f (t) (t t0) dt
= f (t 0) =1
For detailed discussion on properties of unit impulse function, refer page 32 of the book GATE GUIDE Signals & Systems by the same authors
SOL 1.4.24
Option (D) is correct. Dirac delta function (t) is defined at t = 0 and it has infinite value a t = 0 . The area of dirac delta function is unity. Option (A) is correct. We know that (t) x (t) = x (0) (t) and Let x (t) =
3 cos ( 2
SOL 1.4.25
# (t) = 1
3 3
Page 92
3
Chapter 1
Now
SOL 1.4.26
# (t) dt = 1
3 3
so
SOL 1.4.27
Option (A) is correct. x (t) = Let, Now 1 2t = & t = b + 1 l and dt = 1 d 2 2 2 1 +1 3 x (t) = 1 # b + 1 l e 2 b 2 l () b 1 d l 2 2 2 3 2 1 +1 3 3 = 1 # b + 1 l e 2 b 2 l () d # 3 f (t) (t) dt = f (0) 2 2 2 3 + 1 2 e 1 b + 1 l 1 = b 2 l 2 2 2 2 =0 1 1 2 e 1 b 1 l = 1 e 1 2 2 8 = b l 2 2 2 8 2
2 2 2 2
1 2
3 # 3 t2 et /2 (1 2t) dt
2
SOL 1.4.28
#0 #0
SOL 1.4.29
u (t) dt = xe (t) =
#0
tu (t) dt = t , 2
(Parabola)
SOL 1.4.30
u (t) + u ( t) =1 2 2 u (t) u ( t) x (t) = xo (t) = 2 2 Option (D) is correct. At t = 1, signal steps up from 0 " 1, so v1 (t) = (1 0) u (t 1) = u (t 1) At t = 2 , signal steps up from 1 " 2 , so v2 (t) = (2 1) u (t 2) = u (t 2) At t = 3 , signal steps up from 2 " 3 , so
Sample Chapter GATE CLOUD Signals & System by Kanodia
Chapter 1
Page 93
v 3 (t) = (3 2) u (t 3) = u (t 3) At t = 4 , signal steps down from 3 " 0 , so v 4 (t) = (0 3) u (t 4) = 3u (t 4) v (t) = v1 (t) + v2 (t) + v 3 (t) + v 4 (t) = u (t 1) + u (t 2) + u (t 3) 3u (t 4) For detailed discussion please refer to methodology of section 1.6 of the book GATE GUIDE Signals & Systems by same authors.
SOL 1.4.31
Option (A) is correct. We know that ramp function is obtained by double differentiation of impulse function. differentiation differentiation (t) r (t) u (t)
(Ramp) (Step) differentiation (Impulse) differentiation
tu (t)
u (t)
(t)
Option (B) is correct. (A) v (t) = u (t 1) u (t 3) (B) v (t) = lim (t 1) a"0 (C) v (t) = u (t + 1) (D) v (t) = u (t) 2u (t 1) + 2u (t 2) 2u (t 3) + ...
SOL 1.4.33
Option (C) is correct. At t = 0 , f (t) step up from 0 " 1, so we write f1 (t) = (1 0) u (t 0) = u (t) At t = 1, f (t) steps up from 1 " 2 , so we write f2 (t) = (2 1) u (t 1) = u (t 1) At t = 2 slope changes from 0 " 1 so we write f3 (t) = (1 0) (t 2) u (t 2) Now, f (t) = f1 (t) + f2 (t) + f3 (t) = u (t) + u (t 1) + (t 2) u (t 2) For detailed discussion please refer to methodology of section 1.6 on page 37, given in the book GATE GUIDE Signals & Systems by the same authors. Option (B) is correct.
SOL 1.4.34
Page 94
Chapter 1
SOL 1.4.35
Option (D) is correct. At t = 3 slope changes from 0 " 2 , so we write v1 (t) = (2 0) (t 3) u (t 3) = (2t 6) u (t 3) at t = 4 , v (t) becomes zero, so v (t) = (2t 6) [u (t 3) u (t 4)]
***********