Slide: 32 Last equation block of fluid, same fluid, therefore hovers. Sum of forces = 0 has a weight.

. What keeps weight in the air? Forces from all sides, equal from opposite sides Higher pressure from underneath to balance weight of particle. Slide: 33 Explain graph, start, temperature is at a linear variation up to 11.0km Slide: 34/5 deriving equation Valid for incompressible gas, assumption that temperature varies linearly. Therefore only valid in the troposphere New equation for every part of graph on slide 33

Design a meteorological measurement balloon, Weight of instrument: 4kg Weight of shell: 1kg Measurement to be taken at 15km Gas fill: hydrogen Q. what balloon volume is needed?

Bouyancy force: Air: g times rho (air) V(balloon) = Fp H(2): g times rho (h2) V(balloon) < Fp

Fb = (rho air rho h2) Vballoon times g Use equation on slide 39 and plug information in Pressure given on slide 33 1. Compute pressure at 11km, linear temp. variation from 0km 11km Ps/po = (Ts/To) to the power of g/alphaR To = 15C = 15(power k) + 278.2K = 288.2K Ts = T11km = To alpha(z-70) = -56.5^k + 273.2k = 216.7k g/alphaR = 9.81 (took a photo of the equation) .. Ps = 22.6kPa b) compute p at 15km temp between 11- 20km varies not at all, Ts = -56.5C Pb= P15km = Ps[ e^g/RTs (Zs-Zb) ] g/RTs = .. = 1.577 times 10^-4 1/m Pb = 22.6kPa e(to the power of picture) = 22.5kPa times 0.5321 = 12.03kPa 2. Work out density of air at 15km of altitude Density at 15km Rho(air) Pb/(R(air) times Tb) = 0.1935 kg/m^3 3. Work out density of hydrogen Hydrogen gas constant: .. ( taken picture of the rest) Reading assignments: