Unit one ........

=======================================
Unit 1: Reach for the stars
Interviewer : Thank you for coming into the studio this morning. Could you start by telling the listeners what youre doing this week? Astronaut : Well, this is a very special week for me. Tomorrow afternoon, Im travelling with two other astronauts to a secret location. The launch is at 7.50 the next evening. Interviewer : How exciting! Will this be the first time youve been in space? Astronaut : Yes it will. Im really looking forward to it. Interviewer : What is your mission, exactly? Astronaut : We have to repair equipment on the international Space Station. Interviewer : Whats the problem? Astronaut : There are two or three things we need to look at, but the main problem is the temperature control system. We think there may be a leak of some kind. Interviewer : Is that a difficult job? Astronaut : No, not particularly, but well almost certainly need to spend some time working outside. Interviewer : Do you mean a spacewalk? Astronaut : Yes, maybe, but we wont know for sure until were there and can examine the equipment properly. Interviewer : Isnt that really dangerous? Astronaut : Not really weve had a lot of training and of course were going to be very careful. Interviewer : How long will you be in space for? Astronaut : Well probably be there for about five or six days. It depends on how serious the problems are. Interviewer : Thats very exciting. Thank you for talking to us. And good luck with your mission! Astronaut : Thank you.

#-Reach+ Arrive+ @-Hind reached Assuit. @ Hind arrived in Assiut. #Stars planet galaxy comet Asteroid sister planet planetarium 1-The sun is a but the moon is a 2-The smallest is Pluto. #reach for stars = it is impossible to do something ( idiom) ================================================== #Special = private General public = Ex:1- St. Mina is a .school. 2- Girls wear a .uniform. #Astronaut astronomer Astrologer = astronomy

Astrology space man ) ) #launch set off Let off lunch Ex:1-Egypt Nile sat 101 in 1998. 2-The Arabs were clever at.. 3-During festival people fireworks. #look forward to+ ing Look at look up to Look after look up down Look up look into Ex: 1-Ahmed Zewail is a person who must be looked .. 2-Look ..this word from dictionary. #mission task ) #repair mend Do repairs reclaim Ex; 1-Omer Soliman went to America in a secret 2-Upbringing up children is a difficult . #leak lick Lock luck Ex: 1-This pipe may .water. 2-Some animals dew on plants. ======================================================= Secret leak Space examine System launch taking off temperature control system attached Walk around the space station. ======================================= 1-Respond the following situations: 1- Someone says that space exploration is too expensive. You agree . 2- Someone says that computers are a bad thing. You do not have the same opinion. 3- One of your friends says he thinks walking in space would be very frightening. You think he's right. 4-You hear someone say that all astronauts are very rich. You know this is not true . 2-Say what are the speakers and places 1-A:Is al right to let all applicants in sir? A-Ok I am ready to see all applicants now
Place:. Speaker A Speaker B Function:.

2-A; the car's engine is making a noise Could you check it please? B: I will be with you in a minute 3-Choose the correct answer:
1- The car stopped because there was a ( lock-leak-lick-luck) in the petrol tank.

2- Our air-conditioning has broken down, but someone is coming to ( mend-reclaim-make-repair). 3- The doctor ( examined-tested-checked-exiled) me carefully before he gave me the medicine. 4- Computer passwords should always be ( mystery-secret-code-public) You should never tell to any one. 5- The astronauts went on a two-hour ( run-walk-walking-walks)to replace a broken fuel pump. 6- Some drivers have a sat-nav (station-discipline-order-system) in their car to help them find the best route. 7- The rocket is going to reach the Moon on Tuesday. Everyone watched the( dinner-lunch-film-launch) on TV. 8- Space ( mission-job-task-work) can take several .years. 4-Find the mistake and correct it 1-Asrtonomers land on the moon. 2-Hind arrived Cairo airport. 3-Surgeons wear private uniforms. 4-Marwa looks forward to visit Rome . 5-The sun is a planet. 6-Doctors must test patients before giving medicine. 5-Translate into Arabic: Scientists think that the world temperature will increase due to many reasons .Global warming is the major reason for that . as well as gases from green houses .Cutting forests make the matter worse .All governments and green colour lovers must co operate to protect our planet. 6-Translate into English:

.
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

( )
Mosque. A place of worship for Muslims. A place where the five daily compulsory prayers are regularly done, except for the Jum'a prayers (the Friday noon prayer and Friday Khutba). The Masjid Jame' is the place where all the five compulsory Salat (Prayers) and the Jurn'a prayers are regularly done. The Masjid Jame' is usually larger than a Masjid. Plural: Masaj Id.
0106544801 S.F.M 2011


Space Holidays July 2009 was the 40th anniversary of man first walking on the Moon. Ever since that day, we have been promised that holidays in space are not far away. Now a representative for the World Tourism Organisation predicts that, in the next ten years, people will be queuing to book their holidays in space. They will fly by rocket to a space station which will be orbiting the Earth at a height of 320 kilometres that is about the same as the distance from Cairo to El-Minya. The space station itself will be like giant spinning wheel with spokes like a bike wheel. There will be two kinds of spokes: those with ordinary gravity for weightless sports. Some people who are interested in space holidays are worried that, as space tourists, they will suffer from the same horrible side effects as astronauts have suffered from, but experts say that there are now treatments for most side effects. Just think about such a holiday in space. Everyone who has travelled in space has described the magical feeling of looking down on the Earth as it spins below you. It will be impossible to go shopping or go for a walk, but think of the fun you can have with weightless football or weightless gymnastics. For most people, the main disadvantage at the moment is the cost of space holidays. Currently, the cost of a holiday is very high. But like everything else, the more people want to do something, the cheaper it will become. So, if you are interested, start saving now! Anniversary representative - organization Predict queue book Orbit distance giant Spin spokes gravity Weightless suffer from horrible Side effects magical gymnastics Currently below fun

space exploration shuttle glider

reason why + +

space ship rocket reason for destination

===================================================

Represent representative Predict prediction predictable

Currently current Ex: 1-Astronomers the eclipses. 2-Oracles made .. that Alexander The Great will be God. 3-Earthquiake is un 4-Dr Hafez wanted to make good relations with the local of UNESCO

1-Respond the following situations:

1 You meet your friend on 1st January. 2 You regretted travelling by car to Aswan . 3 Your friend thinks that people will spend holiday on the moon.

4 Someone thanked you for helping him.

2 Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d : 1 1990 was the year( where- when- who- whose)my son Mohammed was born. 2 25th April is (university-anniversary- millennium- century) of restoring Taba 3 Sally (representative -diplomat- represents ambassador) our school. 4-People stand in( queue-line-row-deck) to book tickets . 5 The(play-bus-space-spin) station is at a height of 320 Kilometers . 6 What is the (speed-distance- far-distant) between Assuit and Cairo? 7 Space Cruiser (spins-goes-plays-does) the Earth. 8 Space ( explanation -exploration-exclusion-experts) is useful for us. 9 The ( speaks-wires-bars-spokes) of my bicycle were broken. 10 There are two kinds (of-in-by-to) spokes. 11 Things fall on the ground due to( . gravity- gratitude-wind-grateful) 12 Rehab may suffer ( from-of-by-at) fever . 13-Abusining drugs has side(affects-effects-effective-defects) 14- Astrologers ( prevent-protect-predict-elect) the future. 15 Cairo is full of( funny-fun-fans-fins) 16 Space tourists will fly to the space by (rocks rockets- stocks- sticks). 3 Find the mistakes and correct it: 1 July 2009 was the 40th anniversary of man first walked on the moon. 2 People will be rowing to book space holidays. 3 They will fly by rocks to space station. 4 The distant from Cairo to El-Minya is 320. 5 Smoking has bad side affects. 6 How much does the suit coast?

 -( Will /shall + ) ( am-is are going to+ inf) (Present simple tense) Imperative ===================================== Will 1 1- Ex: Salwa will be 17 next week. 2- Ex:I will leave the party if you do not agree with me. 3 ( :- sudden/quick decision ) #I will answer the phone. 4 ( - / offer/ threat/ promise) #I will pay you back next week. (think/suppose/expect-sure ) ) ( #I think/suppose/expect he will pass his exam. ) ) #After he plays, he will take a shower. Dina won't marry until she finishes her education 2- am/is/are + going to +inf : ( intentions/plans/and decisions ) @I am going to take part in the school competition . 2 : @There are dark clouds in the sky, it is going to rain. Am/is/are + v + ing ) ) @He is travelling to Paris tomorrow. (He has got the tickets)

@I am leaving the office at 11. (I have permission) The present simple The train leaves at 6 o'clock. The final exams take place on 11/6/2009.

will have + pp :By + Ex: @Marwa will have finished her school by 2017. @ Pollution will have been eliminated by 2060. 1-The train ----------------------- the station at 7 o'clock.am a) will leave b)leaves c)is going to leave d)leave 2-Iam sure Rawna ----------------- 30 next month. a) is going to be b)is being c)is d)will be 3-The branch of tree is shaking , it------------------------a) falls b) will fall c) is falling d) is going to fall 4-He------------you if you come late again. a)will punish b) is going to punish c) is punishing d) will be punishing 5-I think she------------------he next exam. a) will pass b) is going to pass c) is passing d) passes 6-When he comes next week, he------------------me some money. a) gives b) will give c) is giving d) is going to give 7-He--------------me the details after he meets the boss. a) tells b) will tell c) is going to tell d) is telling 8-Don't be late for the cinema, the film------------at 9 as usual. a)will start b) starts c) is starting d) is going to start. 9-We-----------------a new car, we have prepared everything. a)will buy b) are going to buy c) are buying d) buy 10-They arranged everything for the journey, they-----------tomorrow . a) leave b) are leaving c) are going to leave d) will leave 11- I --------the homework by 7 pm. a) will be finishing b) will have finished c) will finish d) finish

12-He has intention, he-----------------buy a villa. a) is going to buy b) will buy c) is buying d)buys 13-If you study hard, your father---------------you a present. a)will give b) gives c) is giving d) is going to give. 14-According to the timetable the nest bus----------------at 10 am. a) will leave b) leaves c)is going to leave d) is leaving 15- I ----------------------out a project by 2017. a) will carry b) carry c) will have carried d) was carrying 16--------------------I carry the box for you? a) Will b) Shall c) Are d) Have

4) Find the mistakes and correct the sentences: 1-My sister is going to be 11 years old next week. 2-The sky is cloudy it will rain. 3-Mariam will buy a villa by 2020 4-Hala booked a ticket she will travel next week. 5- I intend, I will give him the book. 6-Many schools will have built by 2050. Translate into Arabic: Unemployment is a time bomb that threatens the security and stability of Egyptian society. Too many applicants are chasing after too few job opportunities. The solution to this serious problem lies in new investments, which mean new enterprises, which in turn provide job opportunities Translate into English: . ================================================

Thomas Edison,
It is difficult' to believe that less than a 150 years ago, we could not switch on lights in our homes when it went dark; People who wanted to work or study at night had to use gas or oil lights. Electric light bulbs were invented in 1819 by Thomas' Edison, 'who also helped produced other system of getting electricity from where it was generated to where it was used. Edison was a very intelligent man, but when he was at school his teachers did not realise this. He had to leave school at the age of seven because he asked too many questions. His mother realised that he only asked questions because he was interested, so she educated him at. home. The General Electric Company. which Edison started, still supplies most of the electricity In North America today. Questions 1 What three forms of energy are referred to in the article? 2 As well as light bulbs, what did Thomas Edison invent? 3 Why did Edison have to leave school at the age of seven? 4 Which of the following is true? a- Edison invented electricity. b- Edison never went to school.

c- Edison was taught by one of his parents. d Edison is still the owner of The General Electric Company, 5 What does generate mean in the 'phrase generate electricity? a produce b- use c- invent d- find

Write a paragraph of about 100 words about space travel in the future Man has been dreaming to travel into space for a long time .History mentioned some attempts of flying when The Arabic scientist Abbas Ibn Frens tried to fly and The Wright Brothers tried to fly. But now travelling into space has come true and actually man landed on the moon and the Mars. Scientists sent equipment into space and they can repair it .Now we live in a small village and space no loner a mystery .Man began to know everything about it and in the future people may live on other planets .People may spend their holidays on space .Travelling into space became very easy and comfortable . Some people travelled into space to spend holiday .So we can call our world a global village .It is said that the might county is that controls space and builds more space station for different purposes ********************* 0106544801

Unit two
The Prisoner of Zenda
By: Anthony Hope Presenter: In todays Book Program, were going to hear about the life and work of the writer Anthony Hope. In the studio we have Professor David Lyons from the University of South London. Professor Lyons, Anthony Hope is well known for his adventure novels, but what sort of a man was he? Was he like his heroes? Professor Lyons: Not in the least. Anthony Hope was a well-educated English lawyer who started writing in his free time. Presenter: Could you tell us something about his early life? Professor Lyons: Yes, of course. Anthony Hope was born near London in 1863. After finishing school, he went to Oxford University, where he studied classics. He was interested in politics and was a good speaker in university debates. After Oxford, he trained as a lawyer and started working in London in 1887. Presenter: So how did he start writing?

Professor Lyons: Well, lawyers in those days have plenty of free time - so Hope wrote short stories for magazines. He wrote his first novel, a Man of Mark, in 1890, but had to pay for the publication himself. Presenter: How about his most famous book, The Prisoner of Zenda? Did he pay for that? Professor Lyons: No. By then, he was already a successful novelist. The amazing thing about this book was how quickly he wrote it. He first had the idea in late 1893 and the book was published in April 1894. It was immediately successful. Presenter: What was so special about The Prisoner of Zenda? Professor Lyons: Well, its a very exciting adventure story which takes place in a fictional European country. I think it was so popular because its not about everyday lives- people like escapism. Presenter: Did Hope marry? Professor Lyons: Yes, he did. In 1903, he went on a speaking tour to other countries and met Betty Somerville. The couple were married later that year, then came back to England, where they had two sons and a daughter. Presenter: And did he continue writing? Professor Lyons: yes, in all he wrote thirty-two works of fiction, but The Prisoner of Zenda was always his most popular story. It made him a lot of money. A lot of firms have been based on the story, and the public still enjoy reading it today. Presenter: Thank you, Professor Lyons - that was most interesting. If you havent read The Prisoner of Zenda yet, borrow it from your local library. Its one of those books you just cant put down. 1- Prisoner plenty of adventure publication heroes novelist. well-educated immediately lawyer successful. free time exciting classics the studio politics published debates. Presenter fictional put down The couple works escapism firms local the public Language Notes 1-Is well known + famous for Notorious

1-Aswan is famous for The High Dam. 2-Japan is well-known for volcanoes. 3-Benjamin Netanyahu is notorious 2-hero heroine champion 1-Abou Zeid El Helay is a folk.. 2-Hesham Mosbah is an Olympic .. 3-Nancy Agram is the . Of the new film. 3-plenty of = a lot of 1-Hind has a plenty of money 4-Debates conference seminar forum 1-The candidates made on TV. 2-The minister met all teachers through video. 3-We all like Thanwya . 4-Huda attended a religious. At the school library . 5-Classics classical classic Classification classify class --- 1- Yassmain studies the . Of ancient Greece2- Sarah booked a first . Ticket. Escapism realism escape 1-Rana tries .to forget her cares. 2-The prisoner . from jail. 6-=Put down put off -put out put on =Put forward put away put up with 1-Firemen put. Fire. 2-Police put criminals 3-Mr. Esam always put . New ideas. ======================================= 1 - Say where theses mini-dialogues took place : 1 A : How about going the cinema? B : I am not very keen 2 - A : What do you think of the last exam? B : It was rather difficult. 2-Respond these situations: Place : -----------------speaker A : ------------speaker B : ------------Function : ---------------

1- Your friend has joined a reading group. You want to know the number of people in the group, 2- Someone tells you that Anthony Hope wrote The Prisoner of Zenda in three months. You are very surprised by this . 3- You are told that Anthony Hope paid for; the publication of his first novel himself. You are interested in this information. . 4- Someone tells you that Anthony Hope wrote 37 works of fiction altogether. You are Interested but not surprised by this . Translate into Arabic: Currently, the cost of a holiday in space is very high. But the more people want something, thecheaper it will become. So if you are interested, start saving now' Translate into English: 1-.

Reconsider population map Overcrowded banks Birth control family planning Pre-fabricated houses election Candidates vote The prisoner of Zenda demonstration The story takes placeProtest in nineteenth-century Europe. Rudolf Rassendyll, a wealthy Englishman, Dashboard revolve if the cousin of Rudolf Elphberg, who is about to become the new king of Ruritania, a fictional

Europe. Rudolf Rassendyll decides to travel to Ruritania to attend the country in central coronation cousin, who henot met before. Soon after he arrives, he is walking of his has through a forest where he meets the future king. The two men of surprised to discover that they are so alike: they are almost identical twins. The cousins talk excitedly about the coronation. However, on the night before the great occasion, Rudolf Elphberg is kidnapped by his younger brother Michael and locked in the castle in the town of Zenda. Although Michael does not have the right to be the next king of the country, he is popular with some of the people of Ruritania. He wants to stop the coronation so that he can become the next king himself. Rudolf Rassendyll solves the problem by taking his cousin place. Because the two men look so alike, nobody realizes what is happening and the coronation takes place as planned. While Rudolf Elphberg remains in the castle, Rudolf Rassendyll lives the life of the king and spends time with his cousins friends. At the same time, he realizes that he cannot remain the king of Ruritania forever. He decides to rescue Rudolf Elphberg. The story ends happily for Elphberg when he finally becomes the new king. Michael dies. Rassendyll says goodbye to his friends and leaves the country. The people of Ruritania never find out what has really happened. Take place Century Wealthy -

Fictional Throne attend Identify Occasion Locked. .in The right

Coronation Forest Alike

Identification Kidnap Castle Rescue Language Notes Be about to+ if Be to+inf alike Similar The same twins identical Locked in Locked out life

crown jungle identical twins kidnapper fortress remain

Take place Take part Take after Take in-- - Take down Take away Take up-- Take apart Take over Take on

Take off -- The life A life Exercise 1-Heba tookall people by her appearance. 2-Mr Ahmed was locked .when he forgot his keys inside the car. 3-Daila was about fall into a pit. 4-I was .study hard last year. 5-Hala and Ayah were born in the month.

2 - Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d : 1 Young people like (real- fictional - right famous) stories. 2 (Classic-classical-classify-classics) means the study of the history of the ancient Greeks and Romans. 3 Norhan is ( well-will-good-best)-educated. she got her PhD in Chemistry . 4 Al- Ahram ( spread- unfold-published-punished) my article last week. 5 During elections the two candidates( tell-debated-fought-played) to persuade the voters 6 ( Escapism-Escape-Reality-Truth) is a kind of entertainment that helps people to forget their worries. 7 Adel Imam is the (heroine- hero- herb- actress ) of the new film 8 Kings built a(castle-jail-prison-cedar) to protect his country. 9 Bill( kidnapped-arrested-caught-played) Oliver and took him to Fagin( OLIVER Twist) 12 He has a lot of money, he is a( healthy-wealthy-fishy-flashy) man. 13 The (colonial-party-permission-coronation) of King Abdullah took place in 2001. 14 Kasam Amin fought for women's( rights-writes-sights-kites) 15 Alaa and Saber are a happy( couple-double-twins pairs). 16 Gamal Mubarak is interested in(political politician - politics - policy ) and was a good speaker. 17- Films and books can sometimes help people to(escapism-protect-escape-run)from their worries. 18- You can still see a lot of(classics - class - classically classic) architecture in Greece and Rome. 19- (Fact -Fictional - Fiction Frictional) means not real, invented by a writer. 20-( delete - defeat - decade debate)is a formal, organized discussion. ===============================================

Freedom Forest clearance Wean Cater for Micro-organism Fermentation

over hunting womb candidates yeasts fungi speculation

=============================================================== :

 Subject verb agreement 1 : -a boy--------------- boys -a novel ----------- novels -an apple -------------apples 1-Hassan is a boy ,but Dalia is a girl. 2-The prisoner of Zenda is a novel . 2 : a an the one 1-mr Hamada isengineer. 2-Where is .. book I lent you? 3-One week is seven days. 3 : any some many how many the few / a few / two three --1-Hind did not buy any meat. 2-Some children are having a picnic in the park. 3-There are not many cars on the road. 4-How many members are there in your family? 5-The apples are in the fridge. 4 a/ an 1-I have bought milk. 5 : the / any / some /much / How much / little /a little 1-Noura did not drink any tea. 2-Have we got any bread? 3-We have some bread , but we don't have any butter. 4-We don't have much time left. 5-How much oil do we need?

6 team / staff / family/ government / company / committee : 1-The Egyptian team is going to play in the final. () 2-the Egyptian team are going to play in the finals.() 7 ( s- or -ics ) : athletics/politics/gymnastics/mathematics/maths/news 1-Athletics is my favourite sport. 2-Politics was my best subject at university. 3-The news is good.

8 ----- / / #Twenty thousand pounds is the price of my car.. #Three years is a long time to be without a job. #Six miles is a long way to walk every day. 9 the police / people : *The police have arrested the criminal. 10 pair of : trousers/ jeans / shorts / pants /pajamas / scissors / glasses @ My glasses are new. @ I have a new pair of glasses. 11 (news-information money furniture- luggage-mud-flu- luggage, baggage, water, oil,
furniture, news, , mud, bread, hair, macaroni, homework, petrol, music, thunder, lightning, flu, damage, accommodation, work, love, patience, wisdom, happiness, laughter, honesty, physics, gymnastics, classics, athletics

1-The information is available.

2 -The new furniture has been delivered.

1 ( few) . 2 ( a few) . 3 ( little) .

4 ( a little ) . 1- My father has little money. (we can't buy) 2- My father has a little money. ( we can buy ) : Would you like an orange? I don't like orange , I prefer green. Would you like a coffee? Coffee can stop you sleeping. I have got a hair in my mouth. there is hair on the floor. Do you like chicken? Do you like chickens ? 1 Respond to each of the following situations : 1 Your friend has joined a reading group, you want to know the number of people in the group. 2 Someone tells you that Anthony Hope wrote the prisoner of Zenda in three months. You are very surprised by this. 3 You are told that Anthony Hope paid for the publication of his first novel himself, you are interested in this information. 4 You are asked about the writer of the '' prisoner of Zenda ''

2 - Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d :

1 Are there ------------biscuits left? a some b an c any da 2 How ---------- people are there in the team? a many b much c little d more 3 Thirty pounds --------- a lot of money for a five year old wallet. a is b are c were d have been 4 The trousers you bought for me ------- fit me. a doesn't b don't c isn't d - hasn't 5 The police --------- to interview two men about the robbery . a want b wants c has wanted d is wanted 6 Can I borrow you scissors ? Mine ------ sharp enough.

a isn't b aren't c doesn't d don't 7 Three days ---------- long enough for a good holiday. a weren't b aren't c haven't been d isn't 8 Fortunately the news ----------- as bad as we expected. a wasn't b weren't c - haven't been d - don't 9 I can't find my binoculars . Do you know where -------? a it is b they are c it was d was it 10 I don't have --------- furniture. a many b much c some da 11 Did you bring ------------ oil. a any b some c an da 12 There are too ------------ people on the ship , it is going to sink. a much b little c more d many 13 I have a new ------------------ of shoes. a couple b double c twin d pair 14 Dou you think the people --------- happy with the government? a are b was c is d has been 15 - --------- the police know how the accident happened? a Does b Is c was d Do 16 Money ----------- the root of all evils.

3 - Find the mistakes and write the sentence correctly :

1 After left university, he worked as a lawyer. 2 Our luggage are searched carefully. 3 They are nice person. 4 Much people don't have enough to eat. 5 This socks are fine. 6 Athletics are important. 7 She has got a little books. 8 How much clothes have you bought? 9 He went to a schools in the village. 10 The Egyptian teams is very clever. A - Translate into Arabic :

Vitamins are very essential for good health. Their absence causes serious diseases. Foods that contain vitamins are often called protective foods because they protect us from many fatal diseases. B ) Translate into English : 1 . . - ============================================================= warn illegal immigration States=declare corner stone Learning process

Samir Fahmy Meabed Radwan Assiut- Quesia- Ahmed AbdelRaheem Secondary for girls 0106544801 Sfmna_2009@yahoo.com= sssmma_2010@yahoo.com

Unit Three ENERGY

Unit three. Energy Listening Interviewer: Doctor Zaki, I have heard that we get energy from rocks under the earth. Could you explain how for our listeners?

Dr. Zaki: Yes, of course. Would get energy from the heat inside the earth. This is known as geothermal energy. Geo means earth and thermal means heat. Interviewer: but rocks are cold, arent they? Dr. Zaki: Not all rocks or cold. Below the surface of the earth, the pressure is so great that rocks are in a very hot, liquid form. We say that these rocks or molten. Interviewer: I see. Dr. Zaki: The molten rock heats underground lakes of water. Sometimes, steam is produced like this. When the hot water comes up through a hole in the earths surface, thats when we get hot springs. Interviewer: Is this like the hot water that comes up in the Siwa Oasis? Dr. Zaki: thats right. Interviewer: thats very interesting. But I dont understand how we can use energy from these molten rocks. Dr. Zaki: well, using todays technology, we drill deep below the earths surface into the underground lakes of hot water. This water is then pumped to the surface and is heated again to make steam. This team is then piped to a power station where it is connected to machines which produce electricity. Interviewer: this incredible. So we do this a ready? Dr. Zaki: yes. There are geothermal powers stations that produce as much energy as two large coal power stations. Interviewer: well, doctor thank you for talking to us about this very interesting subject. Dr. Zaki: its been a pleasure.

energy rocks geothermal below surface pressure liquid molten

lake steam springs Come up oasis drill pipe electricity

-- -

) )

-Energy -Lake -River -Spring -rock(n) Geo =earth -springs Spring(v) Drill (v) Molten Dissolve Oasis Axis Crisis Pressure -

energetic=lively stream canal pool rock(v) thermal=heat spring sprang sprung drill melt dissolved oases axes crises temperature

Nothing can live without energy. People, animals and plants need energy to live and machines need energy to work. Today, most of the energy we use still comes from fossil fuels like coal oil and gas, which have been formed underground over millions of years. We call these non-renewable forms of energy because they can only be used once. Because of this, we need to reduce our use of non-renewable fuels and use more renewable forms of energy like those from the sun, wind or geothermal energy. For centuries, the wind has been used to sail ships and to pump water. Now it is used to produce electricity. Groups of wind turbines along the Red Sea in Egypt generate large amounts of electricity. Water is also a renewable form of energy. Huge quantities of water go through the High Dam at Aswan from Lake Nasser. This hydroelectric power supplies Egypt with a lot of its electricity. As well as being inexpensive to produce, this clean energy does not pollute the environment .Other countries depend on nuclear power - power produced when atoms split. However, nuclear power produces dangerous waste which must be stored for thousands of years before it is safe. Accidents at nuclear power stations are extremely dangerous to people's health ! to the environment. Energy from the sun is probably the best form of renewable energy. Scientists believe that the sun's energy will last for another five billion

years. This energy can now be captured and stored .It is important for us to save energy in our homes and workplaces in order to stop using up non-renewable sources of energy. duce resource industry fossil decay (v.) (n.) buried (adj.) beneath layers renew non-renewable independence independent wind farms rubbish pump water generate Windmills along (adv.) connected to turbines source enormous quantity advantageous (adj.) spilt (v) release atomic energy nuclear energy atomatomic waste atomic bomb waste store (v.) power stations extremely (adv.) blow up = explode atomic dust humansoriginally nuclear reactions radiate (v) radiation (n) radioactive waste soil calculate turn off, switch off products recycled (adj.) the high dam lake hydroelectric pollute, pollution recycling throw away label requirements energy (n) . energetic (adj.) natural gas coal wind last = continue =forever (adv) run out geothermal energy hot springs molten pools of water steam (n.) plentiful (adj.) flood (v.) (n.) Rock(n) Rock(v)

Oil ( n) Fuel(n) Remain(n)

Oil(v) Fuel(v) Remain(v) Sun(n) Sun(v)

Water(n) Water(v) =============

ante=before: antenatal dis=not/opposite: disagree in/il=not: inefficient / il=opposite: illegal ir=irregular mid=middle: mid-day mis=wrongly: misspell geo=earth/geothermal post=after: postoperative pro=in favor of:proEuropean sub/under/way/ground anti=against: antibody co=with: cooperate im=impure inter=between: international/Interpol mini=little: minicab non=not: non-fiction over=too much: overeat pre=before: pre-war

re=again: rebuild

super=over: superimpose Multi=many Hex= six ann=year: anniversary un=reverse action: unpack

sub=less than: subnormal Bi+ two+ bicycle Astro=connected with stars Tri+ three , un=not: unhappy under/too: undercooked

Language Notes
1-allow +object+ to+ inf Allow+verb+ ing
Ex:1-Asmaa allowed us to play in the street. 2-Asmaa allowed playing in the street.

2-do lap

Ex: 1-Radwa did three laps around the pitch.

3-raise money

Ex:1-People raised money to help the refuges in Gaza Strip.

4-It takes + period+to+inf

Ex: It took millions of years to form oil.

5-a two-hour break

a five day-holiday

6- rather than 7-lie lie lay lay lied laid

lain lied laid

other than

1-We can travel to Aswan by car other than by train. -We must use atomic energy in peace rather than in war..2

Ex: 1- He lied to his father. 2 -Egypt lies on the north coast of Africa. 3- Spiders lay about two thousands eggs.

8-keep +object+ ing

ex: She keeps us laughing.

9-solar-powered vehicles
Ex: This car runs by solar power energy,( noun) This is a solar-powered car .(adj)

10 @blow up=explode @turn off= switch off @convert into @instead of @last for @according to @depend on @radiate to 1-Enemy blew up the factory. 2-Please switch off lights. 3-People converted manure into energy. 4-Rabab put salt instead of sugar in tea. 5-The film lasts for three hours. 6-Behave according to my advice. 7-All world depends on fossil energy, 8=The sun radiates to the earth as heat and light.

1 Respond to each of the following situations : 1 Ask someone some questions about energy. 2 Ask your friend about to save energy. 3 You do not know the word "hydroelectric" , ask your teacher. 4 Ask your friend about his future plans.

2-Say place ,speakers and the functions 1- A: Can you tell me how to operate this machine please? B-Yes of course just switch this button. 2 -A : Do you have fresh bread? B: Ok, but the bread isn't ready yet.
2 Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d "
1-Reneable energy does not run( out-into-in-over). 2-Coal, oil and natural gas are all(renewable-fossil-nuclear-atomic) energy. 3-We should (reduce-introduce-induce-deduce) the amount of energy. Place: Speaker A Speaker B.. Function:.

4-Wind is used to(do-generate-drill-measure) electricity. 5-Energy from rubbish is(fossil-renewable-non-renewable-decayed) energy. 6-Animals (composed-compose-decay-die) after death. 7-Groups of windmills called (wind farms-wind fields-wind towers-) have been made in Egypt. 8-Isreal blew(on-off-up-in) the power station in Palestine. 9-It is important to(use-recycle-restore-return) old things again. 10-The Word glass" is monosyllable it has (one-two-three-many) syllable. 11-Tricycle has (three-two-many-one) wheels. 12-Nuclear power is regarded as a source of electricity(more-other-rather-better) than estructive. 13-Geothermal is power from ( the sun-the earth-the moon-atom) 14-Dring the earthquake the building began to(rockets-stone-rock-sand). 15-Please, turn (on-of-out-off) the computer after using it. 16-They used oxygen to (fall-fuel-feel-fail) rockets 17- The word " geo" means ( moon- sun earth- heat) 18- Hot water comes( up-over-down-in) through a hole in the earth's surface. 19- Water is pumped(into-away-off-at) the surface . 20- Atomic fuel doesn't( pollute-pollution-pollutant-pollen) the environment. 21 (Anything- Nothing-Something-Someone) can not live without energy. 22 People , animals and plants (produce need surf reduce ) energy to live. 23 Wind turbines are used to generate large amounts of ( water electricity atoms turbines) 24- Hydroelectric power supplies Egypt(of-with-by-in) a lot of electricity. 25- When atoms (spelt-split-spilt-spoil) they produce nuclear energy. 26- These are ( motto molten melted dissolved ) rocks. 3 - Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly: 1 Solar energy is non-renewable form of energy.. 2 Marwa silt the loaf to make a sandwich. 3 Bilingual speaks one language. 4 Renewable energy will run out. 5 The crime is connected to poverty. 6 Teeth may decrease by sugar. 5-Translate into Arabic: Equality of opportunity the expression for social freedom can be defined in basic rights for every citizen. First the right of each citizen to medical care, whether treatment or medicine, should not become a commodity for sale and purchase .It should become a guaranteed right for dependent on a certain price. 6-Translate into English: =====================

Alternative expression Opportunity the right Citizen commodity Purchase guaranteed Equality dependant ==========================================================

 PRESENT SIMPLE TENS *Form/Use: es))- (it-,she-,he ) s to (. o, -ss,- x-, ch,- sh) : ) never, rarely, not often, sometimes, often, usually, always, every + time 1-Rehab and Mona are never sad. 2-Hind rarely visits Tanta. * y i + es it, she, he . 1- Manal often watches TV weekly. : 1-Dina is always cheerful. 2-Esraa always eats pizza. ACTIVE & PASSIVE am is are+ pp 1-We pump water _ water is pumped.( passive 2-We generate electricity. Electricity is generated. ( passive)

2-Choose the correct words(Grammar)

1-Esraa (always has-has always-always had-had always) a cup of tea every morning. 2-Rubish (collects-collected-are collected-is collected) and burnt. 3-We prefer coffee(on-to-at-than) tea. 4-The road (isnt-doesnt-didnt-cant) used. 5-When (did-does-was-will) this house erected? 6-Heba (is often-often is-was often-often was) sad. 7-Kidnappers made hostages (sleep-to sleep-sleeping-sleeps) on the ground. 8-These letters (are typing-were typing-is being typed-are being typed) now. 9-He gave annual party, This means he gave it every(day-month-year-week) 10-Pre means (before-after-during-against) 11-The high dam (not-no-non-none) longer brings silt. 12-Hadeer played football (in-since-for-ago) 2004. 13-He (used to-use to- is used to-used) playing tennis. 14-Ladfills is the place (which-where-who-that) rubbish is dumped. 15-It took millions of years (form-to form-forming-forms) oil. 16-Wesal does not allow (parking-to park-parks-park) in front of her house. 3-Find the mistake and correct it 1-Asmaa usually eat pizza 2-Marwa punctual is girl. 3-He left the room. Without see him. 4--Hydroeclectcity did not pollute the atmosphere. 2-Nothing can live with energy.

3-Ominia is. Bilingual she speaks three languages 4-The gas from the factory is extremely harm. 5- Old paper can be recycle.

1-Respond the following 1-You are doing a survey about energy, you would like to ask someone some questions . Explain the situation. 2 - You want to know about your friend's energy saving habits. 3-You hear someone use a word you don't understand . The word is "hydroelectric" , what do you ask? 4 Someone asks you how you usually travel school everyday. 5-You're asked to give a detailed description for geothermal energy. 6-You give an idea for recycling plan.

2-Choose the correct answer

1-.energy is a non-renewable energy. a-sun b-water c-coal d-geothermal 2-Geothermal energy is better the environment. a-than b-to c-for d-at 3-Which picture show energy from the following? a-produced b-is produced c-being produced d-produces 4-Hedroelectric power is .. a-renewable b-non-renewable c-recycled d-finished 5-Electricity is produced in a station . a-geothermal b-power c-sun d-wind 6-..is the force produced when two things push against each other. a-energy b-power c-pressure d-geothermal 7-..is a black fossil fuel from underground a-oil b-coal c-geothermal d-pressure 8-When atoms are .., nuclear energy is produced. a-spelt b-split c-spilt d-spoiled 9-If you make rock or metal very hot , it becomes a-heat b-molten c-cool d-boil 10-.. is oil or alcohol made from plants . a-fossil fuels b-bio fuels c-natural gas d-chemical fuels 11-is used in homes and to generate electricity. a-coal b-petrol c-natural gas d-bio fuels . 12-A..is a part of a word that goes before a word to change its meaning. a-prefix b-suffix c-proverb d-complement 13-What types of energy are used in Egypt ? a-few b-most c-many d-the most 14-In the wind turbines there are underground to transport electricity.

a-motors b-wires c-blades d-towers 15-When . is expensive , everyone has to pay more for food , heating and transport. a-housing b-energy c-salaries d-water 16-Countries need to cooperate to develop new .. of energy . a-farms b-flowers c-forms d-forces 17-Some countries cannot afford to . fuels from other countries . a-port b-export c-sell d-import 18-people,animals and plants need energy to . a-eat b-walk c-live d-multiply 19-Most of our sources of energy today depend on a-solar power b-bio fuels c-fossil fuels d-nuclear power 20-.isn't an example of fossil fuels. a-oil b-natural gas c-wind d-kerosene 21-Traditional fuels were formed underground ..millions of years a-for b-in c-over d-from 22-Energy from the sun , wind or geothermal energy isn't .. a-renewable b-traditional c-clean d-useful 23-In the past wind was used for .. a-fanning b-sewing c-sailing d-fighting 24-The High Dam in Aswan supplies Egypt a lot of its electricity. a-for b-to c-with d-from 25-As well as expensive, fossil fuels pollutes air. a-be b-being c-making d-having 26-The injured footballers..slowly off the field. a-jumped b-climbed c-limped d-timed 29-We can waterfalls as a source of energy. a-make b-use up c-harness d-generate 30-He's been as Assistant Secretary to the Minister of Education. a-said b-know c-appointed d-same 31-Saving energy stops it from a-going out b-running out c-using up d-wearing away 32-Water passing through a dam produces ..power. a-geothermal b-hydroelectric c-solar d-non-renewable 33-the knife has a sharp. a-handles b-blade c-fan d-back

3-Find the mistake and correct it"

1- Renewable forms of energy can not be used many times. 2-It takes days for oil to be formed. 3-We reproduce energy from the wind . 4-Solar power is non renewable source of energy. 5-We get hydroelectric energy from still water. 6-The molten rock heat underground lakes of water. 7-This water is then pumping to the surface of the earth. 10-Energy from the sun can be hunted and stored . 12-Machines need energy either. 13-Crops of wind turbines along the red sea in Egypt generate electricity. 16-Water is the solid form of ice

21-Nuclear energy is the best form of renewable energy . 22-Buying waste in the ground can damage the environment. 23-Modern wind turbines are tall tours which are built along seas. 25-Biology is the study of rocks. ===================================================== S.F.M 2011 0106544801

Unit (4)

Writers and stories

Interviewer: When did you start writing? Writer: I have written stories and poems for as long as I can remember. Interviewer: What was the first thing you wrote? Writer: When I was seven, I wrote a poem which won second prize in a national competition for school children. Interviewer: When did you start writing stories? Writer :When I was at university I wrote short stories for student magazine. My head was always full of ideas. While I was finishing one story, I was thinking of the next one. Interviewer: Wasnt that very confusing? Writer: Not really. I used to write very quickly- I finished most short stories in two or three days. As soon as Id finished one story, Id start the next one. Interviewer: Do you still write like that? Writer: No, I havent written any short stories for over 20 years. Now I only write novels - they take much longer. Interviewer: So how do write now? Do you have a fixed routine? Writer: Yes. I write from nine in the morning till three in the afternoon, with a ten-minute break for coffee at midday. I write an average of a thousand words a day. Interviewer: Do you use a computer?

Writer: No, Im old-fashioned- I use a pencil and paper. Ive tried using a computer, but it gave me a headache. When Im happy with what Ive written, my secretary types it onto the computer. My publisher insists that I send everything as an e-mail attachment. Interviewer: And do you check what youve written? Writer: Of course. I write one thousand new words a day for a week, then I spend two or three days checking the weeks work until Im completely happy with what Ive written. My last novel was changed six times before I was happy with it. Interviewer: Do you show other people? Writer: No, not until a novels almost finished. Then I give it to two or three good friends and ask them for the opinions. Interviewer: Do they ever tell you they dont like what youve written? Writer: Yes ! Last year both of the people who read one of my books said they didnt like how my story ended. So I changed it. Interviewer: Thats very interesting. Thank you for talking to me. Writer :It has been a pleasure. ******************************************************************************* Poem national competition Poet nation compete Poetess nationwide contest Poetic nationalist competitor Poetical nationalism quiz Poetry nationalization competitive )) Verse international confused( ) Prose nationalize confusing )) Novel routine publisher Novelist red tape attachment Writer old-fashion attach Author fashionable average Playwright fashion house on average ============================================================= Language Notes 1-start=begin + ing Ex :@ Amal started writing. Start=begin + to+ inf @ Faten started to write. 2-a ten-minute break ex@: Noura took a three-week holiday. 3-Old-fashined -My mother is an old-fashioned woman. =================================================================

Language Functions
1- : In my opinion it ishe is .she is ( I think . If you ask me I can say. 2- GIVING OPINION)

What do you think of? What is your opinion of?( Asking opinion) =================================================================

1-Respond the following sentence: 1-You ask Mona her opinion about the mobile phone. 2-Hana thinks that Egypt will host the world Cup you agree. 3-Naglaa thinks travelling by air is dangerous You do not agree. 4-Sally and her mother watched new film .They express opinion. 2-Say place, speakers and functions 1-A-What do you think of this story, Walaa ? B- I do not read it sir Let me read and say my opinion. 2-A-Can I help you, Madam? Place: .. B:I d like a pair of shoes please.

Speaker A: . Speaker B: . Function:

Yehia Haqqi (1905-1992) YEHIA HAQQI was one of the pioneers of modern Egyptian Literature. As well as being an important writer , he was an expert on Arab culture. YEHIA HAQQI was born in 1905 in Sayyida Zeinab district of Cairo. He graduated in law and worked for a short time as a lawyer. In 1929 , he began his career as a diplomat and he worked abroad for more than 20 years . The time he spent in France , Italy , Turkey and Libya gave him experiences he later used in his writing. At the same time as he was working , Haqqi was also writing stories. His first short story , published (came out) in 1925, established him as one of the great short story writers of the Arab world. Haqqi always wanted to help poor and disabled people. He had to go to hospital after an earthquake in Cairo , but he gave his bed to a poor person who he thought needed it more. In 1955 , he wrote a collection of short stories about the poor and the disabled which won an important prize . Another of his stories , the postman , was made into a film. Haqqi wrote in a new way about Arab society and customs in the twentieth century .Haqqi was also interested in the Arabic language and he developed a new style of writing which is respected today. As well as writing his own novels and stories , Haqqi also translated Russian , French , Italian and Turkish literature into Arabic He was a very strong believer in the power of education and supported many young Egyptian writers. Haqqi died in 1992, but is still thought of as the father of the modern short story and the novel in Egypt. Pioneer literature expert on culture

district of lawyer diplomat experiences

graduate career abroad published

a collection of society collect expert on experiment Graduated graduation biography autobiography respect - respected died in death Fixed limited

earthquake

Notes 1 graduated from @= .. a graduate of----@Mr. Esam Wahba graduated from Assiut university. @Mr. Yacoub is a graduate of Assiut University. ====== 2- abroad aboard / board breed beard broad @ Most Upper Egyptians travelled abroad. ========== 3 career job- profession-work-task @I met a lot of people during my career as a teacher. the 4 poor people = the poor

@He used to help poor people (the poor)

Exercises
1 Respond to each of the following situations: 1 Someone. thinks that the car is the best invention, you disagree 2 You give your opinion of your friend's T-shirt. 3 Your father bought you a new mobile. 4 Your friend says that the exam is very difficult. You agree 2 Say where these mini-dialogues take place: 1 - A : What do you think of Abu Treaka? B : I think he is very good ,but Shekabala is better. 2 A : May I help you? B-Yes please ,could you open the door for me? 3 ) Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d : 1 Early black and white photos show people in (new - old-fashioned - modern) clothes. 2 The sun is at its strongest at ( night -evening - morning midday) 3 My( routine- red tape - customs- traditions)is to get up and walk. 4 My friend and I are going to enter an athletics (competition composition recognition). 5 Professor Jones gave Ayman a camera and all its(attacks-attachments-mails-letters) 6 Leila sent an e-mail to Samira and(attended attacked attracted attached) an image. 7 Al Ahram Weekly,(wrote-translated-published-did) my article. 8 Midday is 12 o'clock in the day, but midnight is 12 o'clock at (night-noon-day-knight_ 9 It is not( modern-ancient-dirty-clean) , it is old-fashioned 10 To ( divide-develop-retire-recite)means to make a new product or idea successful. 11 One of the first people to do something that others will continue is (hero-pioneer-leading-) 12 Al Sydia Zainab is a famous ( restrict governorate system district ) of Cairo. 13 Naguib Mahfouz used simple(style-draft-styles-symbol) in his novels. 14 Hassna is a ( fashion-fashioned-fascism-fashionable) girl.. 15 Yehia Haqqi studied ( low-law-medicine-art) at university to be a lawyer. 16 Haqqi worked as a ( ambassador diplomat writer translator ) in different countries. 17 Yehia Haqqi wrote a ( group-school-pack-collection) of short stories. 18 Haqqi spent most of his time as a (lawyer politician writer diplomat)in Assuit. 19 As well as (write-wrote-writing-writes) two books , he wrote short stories. 20 He is an expert (with-at-on- by)Arab culture. 21 His story , the post man , was (make-made-makes-making) into a film. 22 This shop sells goods at ( limited-fix-fixed-fox0 prices. 23 She is a graduate (in-of from-at) Oxford University.

4 Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly :

1 Yehia Haqqi worked like a diplomat. 2 He developed a new method with writing. 3 He graduated from medicine.

.4 Haqqi is thought of as the father of modern short poems .5 Sarah Samir will work as a law .6 They insisted that going by bus : A ) Translate into Arabic Yehia Haqqi is regarded as the father of the modern short story and novel in Egypt. He was one of the pioneers .of modern literature because he developed a new style of writing : B ) Translate into English .masterworks 1 . 2 . . . =========================================================== : -1 -2 -3 . .................................-4

GRAMMAR 2011 S.F.M

1-Past simple

: -1
)11-At the age of seven, my parents took me to Jordan. (active )2-At the age of seven, I was taken to Jordan by my parents. (passive ):(Last-ago-yesterday-in the past-The other- .etc Yehia Haqqi wrote Kandeel Um Hasham

 Was-were+ past participle

Kandeel Um Hasham was written by Yehia

2-Past continuous was were+ verb + ing

1-Somebody phoned me while I was cooking the dinner. (active) 2-Somebody phoned me while the dinner was being cooked. (passive) 1-While my mother was making the dinner, I was looking after my baby sister. (active) 2-While the dinner was being made, my baby sister was being looked after. (passive)

(while-as-just as-when)
Doaa was cooking dinner.

Was-were+ being+p.p

Dinner was being cooked by Doaa.

3-Past perfect had +pp

1-As soon as he had taken the photograph, he showed it to his friend. (active) . 2-As soon as the photograph had been taken, it was shown to his friend. (passive) ( after-before-when-as soon as-till-until-No sooner---than-hardly---when- scarcely---whenbarely when..) Ex: Kholoud had cooked lunch.
:

Had + been+ p.p Lunch had been cooked by Kholoud. Present perfect has have = pp : Since-for-just-already-yet-ever-never-so far-up till now-over-lately-recently) :
1-Something is wrong with his car, so he has taken it to the garage. (active) 2-Something is wrong with his car, so it has been taken to the garage. (passive)

W Notes : 1-She has worked in Ahmed Abel Raheem school for twenty years 2- Ive never played squash. 1-I saw him yesterday. ( Correct) I have seen him yesterday.( Wrong) used to + infinitive

 1-I used to drive well and slowly.1-. (I drive faster now.) 2-He didn't use to need much sleep. (He does now.) : 1---Did you use to play with dolls? .( Correct)
2-Did you used to play with dolls?( Wrong) 3-He did not use to smoke. 4-Did you use to play tennis? A1- Mariam has done housework.

3-g

m
2-Housework has been done by Mariam. 3-Tins were used to be opened by knives.

Has-have+pp
u3-He used to open tins with knives.

1 - Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d : 1-When the telephone rang, they--------------the match. a- watched b-had watched c-were watching d-watch 2-Hazem-------the tree when he suddenly fell down. a climbed b-climbs c-was climbing d-will climb 3-They -----------for England an hour ago. a- leave b-left c-were leaving d-will leave 4-On--------------the film, Ali came. a watch b-watches c-watched d-watching 5-They saw the fighting people while-----------------home. a- were driving b-drove c-driving d-drive 6-How did he--------------to Aswan yesterday? a- go b-went c-going d-goes 7-My sister------------the room while I was making tea. a- cleaned b-was cleaning c-is cleaning d-cleans 8-The first map-----------------------by El_idrissi . a -was drawn b-drew c-is drawn d-draws 9-She cut herself while----------------------a cook b-cooked c-was cooking d-cooking 10-What were you doing when I ------------you last night. a phoned b-was phoning c-had phoned d-would phone 11 He-------------the guitar, when I saw him. a play b played c was playing d had played. 12 They saw the accident while----------------home. a were driving b drove c driving d drive 13 They ------out of the bank when the policeman caught them. a ran b were running c had run d are running

14 The Pyramids were-----------------by the ancient Egyptians. a building b built c builds d build 15 While she was cooking , her sister -------------homework. a was doing b did c does d had done 16 As he was carrying the vase, he ------------------it on the floor. a drops b dropped c had dropped d was dropping 17-They--------since last year. a - hadn't met b-haven't met c-didn't meet d-won't me 18-We -----------some difficulty recently with Maths. a had b- have had c- are having d -were having 19- I haven't written a letter since I ---------to England. a travelled b -will travel c -have travelled d -travel 20-Shakespeare----------------37 plays. a - has written b-wrote c-had written d-was written 21-The e-mails---------------------by Ayman. a - have written b-has written c-have been written d-has been written 22-Don't tell him. He has---------------known. a already b-yet c-since d-recent 23-He was born -----------------2006. a in b-since c-at d-for 24-My brother---------to Paris, he came back last week. a - is going b-will go c -has gone d-has been 25-They haven't visited us-----------------the last two years. a since b for c-recently d-already 26-He hasn't studied English------------------------a recently b-lately c-ago d-just 27-Since I graduated, I ----------------------in this company. a worked b-had worked c-have been working d-will work 28-He -------------------the bike for an hour but he hasn't finished yet. a - has been mending b-has mended c-will mend d-mended 29- I prefer swimming----------------skating. a on b to c-than d-over 30-I last-------------my friend was last week. a see b-saw c-has seen d-have seen 31-It is ages since we-------------------some good news. a - have heard b-had heard c-heard d-was hearing 32-Have you done your homework----------------? That is too fast. a yet a Because b-so far b While c-since c-If d-already d-Although 28-----------------I was out shopping, I saw three of my friends.

2 - Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly :

1 Hala had not seen the film yet. 2 While was reading , the light turned off. . 3 No sooner he had reached the station than the train left.. 4 Ominia has learned English for seven years now. 5 His novel changed into a film. 6 The letter was posted after it had written . 4 - Translation A - Translate into Arabic : . President Mubarak always states that industry, agriculture and tourism are the main sources of our national income. Great projects are carried out to develop these sources. In the field of industry, Egyptian products are a source of pride not only for Egyptian but for all Arabs. B - Translate into English : 1 . 2- . Unit (5)

Agatha Christie: N or M ? Listening

Presenter: Welcome to the Book Programme. Today, our subject is the queen of English crime fiction, Agatha Christie. You may never have read any of her books, but you probably know her name. To tell us more about her name, we have Professor Dunn from London University. Professor, could you tell us about Agatha Christies life? Professor Dunn: Well, Agatha Miller was born in 1890 and was the youngest of three children. She was a shy child who was very close to her family. She didnt go to school, but was taught at home by her mother. She started writing at a very young age and wrote all her life. Presenter: Was she only a writer? Professor Dunn: No. During the First World War she worked as a nurse, and while she was looking after wounded soldiers, she learned about medicines and poisons, information that was later used in her writing. Presenter: And when was her first novel written? Professor Dunn: in 1920, soon after the war ended. Presenter: I remember reading that Agatha Christie was deeply affected by the death of her mother. Can you tell us about that? Professor Dunn: Yes, when her mother died in 1926, Christie disappeared for about a week. Nobody knew where she was. Later, she could remember nothing about the week and is thought to have suffered from amnesia. Soon after this, Christie started travelling abroad. Her first journey, on the Orient Express train, was to Baghdad and the ancient city of Ur. On her second trip, she met the archaeologist Max Mallowan, whom she later married. She became very interested in archaeology and worked with her husband on excavations around Iraq. Its reported that she cleaned and repaired some of the things that were found herself. Presenter: Some of her books are based on her travels to these countries, arent they?

Professor Dunn: Yes, including famous novels like Murder on the Orient Express, Death on the Nile and Death Comes as the End, a dark story of a family in Ancient Egypt. Presenter: And she continued writing all her life, didnt she? Professor Dunn: Yes, She did. In all she wrote eighty crime stories, many of which were turned into films or theatre plays. Her most famous play is The Mousetrap, which was first performed in 1952. Since then, the play has been performed without a break and is the longest-running play in the world. Presenter: Thats incredible! Professor Dunn: It is. Her best books have been published in over a hundred countries and translated into over forty languages. Agatha Christie died, aged 85, in 1976. amnesia excavation queen crime criminal murder murderer fiction Suffer from abroad overseas Orient Oriental Western archaeologist archaeology based on Based in theatre plays shy ashamed shame shyness Close to poison venom poisonous mousetrap performed -

incredible translate insomnia anxiety worry stage rat trap siege

) )
1-The ..people respect traditions and customs. 2-My grandfather suffers fromhe could not remember any thing. 3-Leila is an . She discovered the tomb of Senfero in Luxor. 4-Dr Hafez is the leader of .. in Peru. 5-The police arrested the .who killed the guard.

6-Jules Verne was called the father of science 7-Hanan is .. she does not like to meet people. 8-Lybia is .. borders of Egypt. 9-The girl drank . And killed herself. 10-We have a . To catch mice. 11-Leila studied in Italian Institute in Rome. 12-Adel Imam on the stage. 13-Before exams students suffer from 14-His wealth is .. we can not estimate it. 15-Body Guard is the longestplay. 16-Her novels were..into many languages.

Language Functions 1 Asking for advice

1 What is your opinion of? 2 Can I ask your advise about ------------? 3 What do you think I should do about--? 4 What do you think about ---------------?

2 Giving advice
1 I think you should ------------------------------. 2 Why don't you-----------------------------------? 3 If I were you , I would -------------------------. 4 It would be a good idea to ------------------5 You could ---------------------------------------3 Accepting advice 4 Yes , you are right. Yes, I know I should. That is a great idea. Not accepting I don't want to do that. I don't really think so. Certainly not.

1 Respond to each of the following situations :

1 A friend asks for your advice about keeping fit. You advise him to go swimming everyday. 2 You want some advice from a friend about how you can eat more healthily. 3 A friend wants to meet new people , but she/he is very shy. You think it would be a good idea for him /her to join a sports club. 4 - Ask your teacher for advice about how to do well in the next test.

2-Say place ,speakers and the function

1- A: How would you like to pay for it, sir? B : By credit card, please. A ; That's fine, sir. Shall 1 put it in a bag for you? B : No, thank you. It's starting to rain, , so I think I'll wear it now. 2- A ; When exactly do you want to travel? B : I have to leave on June 17. I'd like two tickets, please. A : OK, there's a flight at 14.55 on the seventeenth

Translate into Arabic;

It is said that television has destroyed the art of conversation and made people unhappy by forcing them to want things they dont need. On the other hand, it helps people to update their knowledge of the world affairs., as they can see current events in different parts of the world the moment they occur.

Translate into English: .

DESTROY COVERSATION MODERN TECHNOLOGY UPDATE AFFAIRS CURRENT EVENTS OCCUR ACHIEVED PROGRESS INDUSRY EDUCATION

N or M? It is a time of war in England and everyone knows that there could be an invasion at any time. The government knows that the enemy is being helped by a dangerous group of spies inside the country, but nobody knows their identity. But it is believed that the spies headquarters is a small hotel on the coast, and the spies leaders are a man and a woman. Two secret agents, Tommy Beresford and his wife Tuppence, are sent to the hotel to find these spies. They meet the other hotel guests and the people from the town. The guests include Mr. Bletchley, a retired soldier; Mrs. Sprot, a shy young woman; and Carl von Deinim, a scientist. Mr. Bletchley introduces Tommy to Mr. Haydock, a retired sailor who lives in a house overlooking the sea. The three men sometimes play golf together. The Beresfords first suspects are the hotel owner and the scientist, but they soon discover that both are innocent. Then they hear that the invasion is planned for the following week. This means they have seven days to find the enemy and save the country from invasion. One day, after a game of golf, Tommy finds a radio transmitter hidden in Mr. Haydocks bathroom and realizes that Haydock is one of the spies. Haydock does not seem worried by Tommys discovery. Tommy leaves his friend's house, but on the way back to his hotel, he is captured and locked in a room. Tuppence discovers the other spy leader. To everyone's surprise, it is the shy Mrs. Sprot. The police arrest her and soon find Mr. Haydock. Tommy is set free. Without the help of the spies leaders, the invasion cannot take place. Tommy and Tuppence have saved the country.

invasion enemy spy identity headquarters coast agent include - - innocent On the way Set free Take place Invade Conquer Enmity -

shy overlooking golf News agent Enclose Contain Interlock overlap gulf victim thrill victim Take place Take part Take off Take after Take in

Identical Secret agent House agent arrest spleen By the way Leader Leading Leadership Owner Citizen Capture Captive Hide Hidden Hide and seek save

Notes
1 - a spy spy on( v) @Rafaat El Hagan was an Egyptian spy. @Do not spy on others. ----------------------------------------------------------3 - include 4 contain enclose @ Team includes eleven players. @-Faten sent a letter enclosing a photo. --------------------------------------------------------------7 - Overlooking My house overlooks the Nile. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ innocent guilty suspect @Mr D- was found guilty. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Affect effect @Smoking affects lungs. @Smoking has an effect in lungs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 - by + @Walaa went to Cairo by bus. @Noura went to Cairo in a taxi. : in-on ---------------------------------------------------------------18 - based on / based in @ Peace must be based on justice. @Lander was based in New York. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Exercises

2 - Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d :

1 - He lives in a house ------------------- the city centre. a overlooking b looks c like d is overlooking 2 He used to -------------------- golf with his friends when he was young. a do b do c play d played 3 He was found ----------------------- and set free. a clever b guilty c innocent d innocence 4 Agatha Christie was the ------------------- of English crime fiction. a king b prince c princess d queen 5 I remember --------------------- the pyramids when I was 10 . a to visit b visiting c visit d visits 6 My grandfather suffers --------------- amnesia . a by b with c from d in 7 The actors were excellent at ------------- the new play. a perform b performing c writing d write 8 - ------------means having no ability to remember. a Insomnia b Architecture c Tiredness d Amnesia 9 Committing a crime of killing a person refers to ---------------a murder b saving c photographing d cycling 10 She is ----------- because she is always nervous and embarrassed. a shy b ashamed c innocent d guilty 11 We used a ------------------ to catch and kill mice. a mouse b mouth c board d mousetrap 12 How about ------------- the internet? a surf b surfs c to surf d surfing 13 Many children are --------about talking to their teachers and relatives. a shy b ashamed c shyness d Chinese 14 All the fish in the river died , someone must have put -------in water. a salt b poison c food d seeds 15 A man has been found dead in the road, the police think it was not an accident , it was -a murder b death c disappearance d digging 16 After seeing the mouse , they decided to put a ------- in the kitchen. a cupboard b teapot c bin d mousetrap 17 He is a -------------- he has done a crime. a crime b murder c criminal d officer 18 He is a ---------------- he tries to find out information about another country or organization. a diplomat b ambassador c president d spy 19 In many countries , people have to carry an ------- card to prove who they are. a identity b credit c debit d hobby 20 In the past , the Romans ------------ Egypt. a invaded b invasion c flooded d sold

3 - Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly :

1 Excavation means to dig up the ground to find things from the present. 2 Murder is the crime of hurting people. 3 He is ashamed he is always nervous and embarrassed. 4 The price contains breakfast and accommodation. 5 We went to school by Ahmad's car. 6 Some of the books are basing on her travels. 4 Translation A - Translate into Arabic :

Obesity is generally defined as an accumulation of fat beyond what is considered normal for a person's age and body type In today's society obesity is considered a disease. It occurs when energy intake exceeds the amount of energy expended over time.
B - Translate into English : 1 . 2 . . obesity generally defined accumulation fat beyond society disease exceeds intake amount Does not pay whatever owe comfort Detectives

If you wanted obedience command with what is possible

Grammar

Passive constructions
:

Say /think/ believe/ predict/agree/ hope/know/assume/allege/ expect/suppose/claim/ 1-People say that Marwa is clever. @It is said that Marwa is clever. @Marwa is said to be clever.

1 Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d :

1 Edison(was thought-is thought-thought-think) to be stupid. 2 Hidy (said-is said-says-say) that she is wise. 3-Lamia and Asmaa (got-are-is-has been) arrested last night. 4-Mayada came secretly for fear of(was seen-seeing-being seen-had been seen 5-All money,(was spent-is spent-are spent-spent) to charity, was delivered to the poor. 6-The World Cup championship was(destroyed-broken-disrupted-finished)during war. 7-It is (think-unthinkable-thoughtful-thoughtless) that Egypt should fight Israel. 8--More land(will be reclaimed-will have reclaimed-will have been reclaimed) by 2009. 9- Petra was (arrested-captured-captures-saw) by the Romans in AD 106. 10- Amr Zaki( considered-is considered-considers-considering) the best player in Africa 11 - Money (thought-will think has thought is thought)to bring happiness. 12 It was reported( that the match- that the match was- have been)cancelled. 13 They are expected (to have won- that they will win-to win - to have been won )the cup. 14- My son ( believes believed- is believing- is believed ) to get full marks. 15 (It-No one-He-All) is known that smoking is harmful to health. 16 It has ( be-been-being-is) reported that he the criminal.

2 - Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly :

1 Money is think to be the root of all evils.. 2 Lamia was said to had gone to Alex.. 3 Lander is said to is a swindler 4 Leila was arrest because the police found a gold rabbit among her clothes. 5 Cotton grows in Egypt. 6 It was believed that he stole the bank. A - Translate into Arabic : 1-Religious and civilization dialogue will greatly contribute to narrowing the gap of differences between the East and The West. But he policy adopted by The USA will more or less lead to more violence ,extremism and hatred in different regions of the world.

B - Translate into English :

1 -. . 2 . 3- .

Contradiction Globalization National Identity Condemn Brutal

Civilians Armless civilization Extremism policy gap

0106544801

The importance of trees Unit (6) Presenter: In todays Natural World, Professor Jeremy Beech is going to answer listeners questions about trees. Welcome to the programme. Professor Beech: Hello. Presenter: Can have our first question, please? Female caller: Hello. Id like to ask the professor about the tallest tree in the world. Where is it and how tall is it? Professor Beech: The tallest tree in the world is a giant Sequoia and its in California. Its 83.8 meters tall. Scientists say it is between 2300 and 2700 years old. Presenter: Thats incredible! Now, lets move on to our second caller. Boy caller: Hello. I know a trees leaves help it to take in light from the sun. But Id like to ask what the bark of a tree does. Professor Beech: Well, the bark is like our skin - it protects the living part of the tree and the tubes which carry water from a trees roots to its leaves. If the bark is badly damaged, the tree dies. Animals such as goats, love eating bark, so its especially important to keep animals away from young trees. Presenter: Thank you. Whats the next question? Male caller: Hi. Id like to ask: how is it possible to calculate the age of a tree by counting its rings, without cutting the tree down? Presenter: Good question. Perhaps you could start by explaining what the rings are that this caller is referring to. Professor Beech: Well, most trees grow bigger every year. Just under the bark, there is a circle of soft cells which hardens every spring or summer. This forms a ring of new wood each year. This means we can calculate the age of the tree by counting rings. Presenter: You can see the rings if you cut the tree down. But how do you do this without killing the tree? Professor Beech: We can drill into the tree to make a deep, narrow hole. We then extract a very thin piece of wood which does no damage to the tree. Presenter: and are the rings the same width every year?

Professor Beech: No, they arent. The width depends on the climate and the amount of rain. If theres a lot of rain during the year, the rings are quiet wide. If its a dry year, the rings are narrower. In this way, we can find out what the weather was like hundreds of years ago when the tree was younger. Presenter: Really? Well, Im afraid thats all we have time for in todays programme. Thanks to everyone. Natural Drill - artificial Drill into unnatural narrow nature wide Giant climate dwarf weather incredible damage bark light - trunk lighten leaves protect root Prevent fruit predict Stem Damage(v) )) calculate Damage(n) )) count Damages(n) ) ) calculator vary rings Renewable harden Raw - hard extract hardly )) borer word opposite Natural Unnatural Giant Dwarf Incredible credible Badly well raw cooked 1-Respond the following: 1-Saud wants her mother to help her with her homework. 2-Mina broke the vase. 3-Mariam brought you a camera. 4-Your friend failed the exam.

2-Say the place, speakers and function:

1- A- So, John, could you tell our listeners how you started? B- Certainly. It was when I was seven. I won first prize in a poetry competition. When I was a student, some of my stories were published in a university magazine.

A- And now it's your full-time job? B- That's right. My second novel was published last year. 2-A- Could you help me carry the shopping into the house, please, Aisha? B- OK, Mum. Where shall I put it? A- Just put the bags on the kitchen floor for the moment Place Speaker A:.. Speaker B: Function:. 3-Translate tinto Arabic: In the winter, many animals and birds travel hundreds of kilometres to places with a warmer Climate and more food. This incredible journey takes place every year at about the same time. It is common to see birds sitting on walls or telephone wires waiting to travel the long distance between the places where they spend their summers and their winters 4-Translate into English: 1- . 2- . . ====================================================== : Navigation Forest clearance Ban Purify Carbon dioxide Granted Candle Wax Polish poaching

================================================================= 1-A person who does not speak out against the wrong is a mute devil. 2-Paradise is under mothers' feet.

:) )

Why do we need trees ?

If you ask people why we need trees, most of them will answer: We need wood from trees for building houses ; We get fruit and nuts from trees; We make paper out of wood from trees; We can use wood as a fuel for cooking and heating. Recently, people have added a more serious reason to this list: Trees help the earth to breathe or They protect us from global warming . It has been said that more than 5,000 things in everyday use are made from trees. Here are a few of them: furniture, sports equipment, pencils, magazines and newspapers, cardboard boxes, musical instruments and- believe it or not- some kinds of toothpaste. In addition to these uses, trees also give us valuable chemicals. Turpentine, which is used as paint remover, is made from the sap of trees. Sap can also be used to make rubber. If wood is heated, chemicals are produced which can be used to make medicines and some kinds of plastic. Wood products can also be turned into paper, cardboard and materials from which clothes can be made. You may be surprised to hear that wood products are also used in some types of ice cream and other foods. So, the next time you are reading a newspaper, eating an ice cream, playing the piano or cleaning your teeth, just stop and think: how would you manage to do these things if there were no trees?

nuts Bean nuts fuel serious breathe breath

purple
rosy wood The wood wooden Made of

Global warming cardboard instrument equipment toothpaste In addition to Turpentine remove

Made in Made out of Made from Park Bark(v) Keep away from Keep out Keep off

) ) - -

sap rubber products Take in Absorb Photosynthesis

Keep on Be used to+ ing Thing be +used to+ inf Chlorophyll Equation balance

cardboard instrument products rubber sap toothpaste turpentine A very stiff thick paper used especially for making boxes. Something such as a piano or violin used for producing musical sounds. Things that are made or grown to be sold. A substance used for making tyres , boots , etc. The liquid that carries food through plants and trees. Substance used for cleaning your teeth. A strong smelling liquid used for removing paint.

Language Functions
Asking for and Giving Instructions : Asking for instructions -Could you tell me/show me how to---Would you tell me where ------What should I do first---What shall I do ----What should I do if -------How can I ------------------?

Giving instructions -First you should------Then you have to ----After that you must ---Finally you ought to --------It is a good idea to (not to)-----At this point / then----

1- A foreign friend wants to know how to make tea in the Egyptian way. Tell him/her what to do first. 2-You want to know how to use the cash machine. 3- Your friend Hassna asks you how to drive the car. 4- A friend wants a job to help poor people. Advise him or her.

2) Mention the place, the speakers and the language function in each of the following two mini-dialogues:
1- A) At last we're here. What time does our flight leave, Dad? B) At midday. We've still got lots of time. Place: A) Are you sure we have everything we need? ------------------------------B) Yes, I'm sure. Please stop worrying, Ali! Speaker A: 2- A) So, for your homework, I want you all to make a list of all the plants growing in your neighbourhood. --------------------B) Shall we just write the names of the plants? Speaker B: A) No, write the names and a short description.

----------------------Function: -----------------------

B) When is the homework for? A) Next Thursday, please.

2 Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d :

1 - Global warming means the( increase-decrease-reduce-limit) in the heat of the Earth. 2 Our school is full of (music musician-- musicians- musical) instruments. 3 They (played made- did- answered) the piano and performed well. 4 Robin Hood succeeded ( in-of-at-for) hiding on an oak tree 5 We must keep( off-away-in-on) goats from small trees. 6 The rings grow on the ( roots-trunk-stem-branch) of tree. 7-Rings indicate the ( width-age-old-length) of the tree. 8- We use ( cardboard -dashboard- blackboard -board)to make boxes. 9- Tyres and boots are made of ( rubber- oil- iron - glass) 10Karimia bought a tube of (toothpaste flour milk shaving paste). 11 (Leaves Nuts Fruits Branches) are the food factory of plants. 12 The outer part of tree is called(bark branch- fruit roots) 13 Every year, Trees grow extra( branches- trees- rings- rings )of new wood. 14 The liquid that carries food in trees is (sad- sat sap sin). 15 _( Paint piano jug mug)is a musical instrument. 16 Painters use ( toothpaste - rubber turpentine cardboard)to remove paint. 17 Goats and other animals can kill tress by (damaging-watering-growing-making) the bark. 18 The more rain there is in a year, the (narrower wider taller shorter)the tree rings are. 19 The (wide- width length age) ) of the rings depends on the climate and amount of rain. 20 If the bark is badly damaged, the tree( sleeps - dies runs walks) 21 Paper is made ( from-of in by) wood. 22 The bark is like our ( hands- hearts - skin hair). 23 We can calculate the age of a tree by counting its ( leaves rings nuts roots) 24 We can make a deep narrow hole by using a ( borer- telescope microscope map) 25 What was the weather ( like-alike-as-hates) yesterday?

3 - Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly :

1 Tubes carry water from the bark to the leaves. 2 They can exact a very thin piece of wood. 3 There are many things that are made of trees. 4 Trees can protect us from local warming. 5 What do you refers to? 6 Sap is used to making rubber. A - Translate into Arabic :

Yehia Haqqi was born in 1905 in the Sayyida Zeinab district of Cairo. He graduated in law and worked for a short time as a lawyer. In 1929, he began his career as a diplomat.

B - Translate into English:

1 .

2
. 0106544801

Grammar

First Conditional:
1-If + Present simple will / may / can /should / must + inf. may/must / will or : - If Merna has enough time, she'll visit Christine. :

If you are hot, I'll buy you a cool drink. :

If someone rings the door bell , open it it is + adj. + to + inf. If :

Provided (that) / Providing (that) = only if plants can grow as long as they get nourishment from soil 2) Second Conditional If + Past simple would/could/might + inf.

As long as = If

: If I were rich, I would marry Nancy Agram.

: If I were a bird, I'd fly. :I/he/she/it was/were If I was/were rich, Id travel round the world. If she was/were a doctor, she could write a prescription.

.
.to+inf : were If Marina got up early, she would be active. Were Marina to get up early, she would be active. .

. :if were

If I were a bird I would fly.

Were I a bird I would fly. : not= unless If

Without But for + n. / v+ing would + inf. If it werent for + noun-----------------------would + inf

Without blood banks . Reham would die If it werent for blood banks , Reham would die.

: You should work hard.

If I were you, Id work hard.

: If Should + + inf.------------ will+ inf If he trains hard, he will win the race.
Should he train hard, he will win the race. S.F.M:::::: SSSMMA_2010@YAHOO.COM

3- Third Conditional
If + Past perfect (had + PP.) (would/could/might) have + PP.
If he had listened to the news, he would have known what happened.

: If he had followed the instructions, the machine wouldn't have stopped.

Had he followed the instructions, the machine wouldn't have stopped.

if Had

if in case of

In case of + n. / (v+ing) If he arrives tomorrow, well meet him.

In case of his arrival tomorrow, well meet him.

In case of his arriving tomorrow, well meet him.

Zero Conditional

If + present simple

present simple

If water freezes, it turns into ice.

If a volcano erupts, it sends dust into the atmosphere. If I have time, I usually walk to school.

Choose the correct answer:

1-You shouldn't look at the sun (unless without if in case of) you wear protective glasses. 2-(If Unless In case of Without) you do your job well, youll be fired. 3-(If Unless But for Were) you get out in the cold, youll catch a flu. 4-If you eat junk food, you (would would have might have will) get fat. 5-(If Unless But for Were) she gets promotion. she won't get more money. 6-If Scientists knew the time earthquakes, earthquakes (don't cause will cause wouldn't cause -wouldn't have caused) a lot of destruction. 7--(Had If Should Unless) I worn my glasses, I wouldn't have had terrible headaches. 8--(If Unless Without Had) I didn't drink too much tea, I would sleep at night. 9-If ice is heated it ( will melt-melts-would melt-may melt) 10--As long as you (don't won't hadn't haven't) boil your food, it won't lose vitamins. 11-0If it (wasn't weren't hadn't been had been) for the storm, the match wouldn't have been cancelled. 12-He (wouldn't have would have would will have) got lost unless he had had a map. 13-(Provided As long Unless Were) that you pay for my drink, I'll go with you. 14-If he (read reads had read would read) the papers, he would find a lot of job advertisements. 15-If he (had invited was invited had been invited were invited), he would have gone to the party. 16-If I hadn't learnt English, I (would have wouldn't have could might) understood you. 17-If you (work worked have worked had worked) harder, you would get higher marks. 18-If I wanted some advice about revising for an exam, I (ask would ask can ask asked) my teacher. 19--If he hadn't committed that crime, he (would be sent would have sent wouldn't have been sent will be sent) to jail. 20-(Without If Unless Should) his assistance, I might have lost my job.

2 Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d :

1 If it------------------tomorrow, I will go for a walk. a doesn't rain b won't rain c didn't rain d hadn't rained 2 - ----------------danger, call the police. a If b Unless c Without d In case of 3 If we heat metals , they---------------------a expanded b would expand c will not expand d expand 4 If you meet my father, ------------tell him I am in the club.

a won't b wouldn't c don't d can't 5 You will understand the lesson-----------------you listen carefully. a unless b except if c as long as d so 6 If she --------------the newspaper, she would have known. a read b reads c had read d will read 7 If I --------------you, I would apologize to her. a am b were c had been d have been 8 If he didn't come , I -----------------him. a would have forgiven b won't forgive c forgive d wouldn't forgive 9 He will pass the test ----------------he studies hard. a except if b unless c if not d only if 10 If he arrived early, ----------------catch the metro? a he would b would he c he will d will he 11 - ---------------he to help us, we would be saved. a If b were c had d should 12 - ------------she arrive early, I would help her. a If b should c were d Unless 13 - -----------he played well , he would have won. a If b Should c Had d Were 14 - -------------- coming early, he would miss the train. a If b without c unless d in case of 15 What ----------------if you were rich? a you will do b would you do c did you do d you did 16 If I were with them, I ------------------stop the fight. a will b may c could d can

Find the mistake and correct it

1-If I felt tired, I usually go to bed early. 2-If I found any money at school, I'll take it to one of the teachers. 3-If you haven't taken those photos, I wouldn't have remembered our holiday. 4-I'll tell you if I saw anything unusual. 5-If there hadn't been a doctor on the train, the man would die. 6-If his wife hadn't been rich, he doesn't marry her. 7-Unless she makes that phone call, she wouldn't have known about his illness. 8-Unless he arrives early, he will have missed the lecture. 9-If he were a lawyer, he helps me. 10-Had he seen the signal, he wouldn't make that accident. 5 - Translation A ) Translate into Arabic :
Today tourism has become a huge business. It is a good source of national income for countries

on the Mediterranean coast. Hence, we have to attract more and more tourists to visit Egypt all year round by building more comfortable hotels and making all tourist facilities available

B ) Translate into English :

1 . . 2
=========================================================================

ut seven: Great engineering

Tourist: Excuse me, could You tell me the best way to go to the city centre, please? Egyptian man: Yes, the quickest way from here is to take an underground train. Tourist: I didnt know Cairo had underground trains. Egyptian man: Yes, its the only underground railway system in Africa or the Middle East. I know this because I work on it as an engineer! Tourist: Is it new? Egyptian man: No, but its a lot newer than London or Paris System. The first line opened in 1989. Its about 44 kilometres long and goes from the Helwan, in the south of Cairo, to New El Marg in the north east.

Tourist: Really? That really must have made travelling around Cairo easier, especially for commuters. Egyptian man: It certainly has. Trains carry nearly two million people every day. Tourist: Is it expensive? Egyptian man: No, not at all. Thats one of the best things about it. Journeys cost the same whether you travel between the stations or go from one end of the line to the other. Tourist: Thats fantastic! It must have saved people a lot of money and improved the journeys to work. Egyptian man: It has. Tourist: So how many lines are there in the system? Egyptian man: There are two at the moment, but there are plans for six lines. Line two goes from Shobra to El Monib. It goes under the Nile. Tourist: Really? Thats amazing! Tunnelling under the Nile cant have been easy. Egyptian man: They used a massive drilling machine called Nefertiti. It dug a tunnel with a diameter of over eight meters. Tourist: Is there a line to the airport? Egyptian man: No, not yet- thatll be line three. Theyve started work on it already. Tourist: the whole thing sounds like a massive engineering project. It cant have been cheap. Egyptian man: No, it wasnt, but were very proud of it, and it's considered to be one of the most modern underground systems in the world. And, of course, its an investment in Egypts future as a centre for tourism and business. Tourist: when will it be finished? Egyptian man: All six lines might be open by 2022. ==================================================================================

1-Vocabulary
City centre Outskirts -underground Subway -railway Rail -The Middle East System -line( n) -nearly Approximately -passenger -especially Specialization -cost Expenditure -Tunnel Subway Funnel -engineer (v) Engineering (n) downtown suburbs the underground The Metro railroad fence The Far East discipline line(v) roughly about traveller commuter specialist cost(v) budget Tunnelling tune tone engineer( n) geometry - -

Architecture -massive -diameter Radii -investment -commuters Commutation

architect immense radius circle invest passengers commuter train

Verb engineer Mass commute -invest -

Noun engineering massiveness commuters investment

adjective civil engineer.. massive

3-Preposition mentioned in the lesson

1The quickest way fromto is to+ inf 2-work on+ project 3-in+ big places 4-in + dates 5-proud of 6-tunnel with.. 7-goes under 8-tunnel under+ ground

Samir Fahmy
4- Some language Notes
1- : the
The north the west the east Northern western eastern Ex: 1-Assuit lies in the north of El-Minya. 2- Assiut is in southern of Sohag the south of southern

2-
A lot =much taller---bigger---etc ( greatly) A bit = a little (slightly) Ex:1- Travelling by bus is a lot cheaper than travelling than by plane. 2-Diamond is much more expensive than silver.

4-
1-The first line opened in 1982. == The first line was opened in 1982. ========================================================================

Exercises 1-Respond the following situations

1-You want to know why people pollute the atmosphere . 2-You want to know why Dalia is late for school. 3-You want to know why everyone putting their umbrella up. 4-Lamia looks unhappy after the exam ask her the reason

2-Say the place, speakers and function

1- A- Could you post the letter for me please? B-Sorry the post office is not on my way. 2-A-Can you tell me the quickest way to the railway station please? B-Of course Go straight and then turn left

3-Choose the correct words

.Ships took the quickest (road-way-method-manner) to reach their destination-1 .Petra is one of the great (archaic-archaeologist- archeological- archeology) sites in Jordan-2 Great development took place during the(presidency-operation-government-reign) of President Mubark-3 .The sphinx is (burnt-switched-illuminated-lit) during the sound and light show-4 .(The biggest tree in the world is ten metres in (radius-diameter-barometer-meter-5 .Ataba area is the most crowded place in ( city-continent-village-lane) centre in Cairo --6 .Nahala is ( more-many-much-most) taller than Mariam-7 .Most wild animals are(kind-peaceful-fierce-tame) by nature-8 .Many old houses were (destroyed-collapsed-fallen-broken) during the earthquake-9 .A (massive-mass- massage-miss) operation was undertaken to save the leaning tower-10 .Al-Aqasa Mosque was (tunneled-paint-captivated-arrested) by the Israeli troops-11 .Iran (piloted-fixed-matched-launched) an under water rockets-12 The World Cup championship 2010 was held in ( the-no article-a-an) South Africa-13 .He displayed his painting at art(excavation-exhibition-extension-invention) in Cairo-14 (He tree trunk was1.5 m in(diagram-diameter-dimension-meter-15 .It is (think-unthinkable-thoughtful-thoughtless) that Egypt should fight Israel-16 My brother is a regular train( computer-commuter-connector-conductor) from Qousia to Assuit-17 .My school was built(by at-in-for)1990-18 Gustave Eiffel was the( archaeologist -actor-actress-commuter) who designed the Effil Tower-19 .Egypt is in (a-the-no article-an) northern of The Sudan-20

Find the mistake and correct it

.Theyve started work on it yet -1 They used a massive drill machine called Nefertiti -2 .The Metro is the only underground railway system in Africa or Middle East -3 .We are proud in Abu Teraka-4 5- Diamond is many more expensive than silver. 6-The Palestinians dug funnels to Gaza Stripe.

4-Translate into Arabic:

1-Illitercy is the main cause of the suffering that the developing countries face nowadays. Therefore, the governments of these countries should do their best to put an end to such a great enemy of progress and prosperity. 5-Translate into English

.1- . 2-

Samir Fahmy 0106544801 Sssmma_2010@yahoo.com Sfmna_2009@yahoo.com

Unit seven: Great engineering

Egypt has many amazing works of engineering, both ancient and modern. South of Aswan, for example, Abu Simbel is the site of two temples which were carved into a cliff in about 1250 BC. The larger temple was positioned so that at certain times of the year, the rays of the rising sun would illuminate the statues of Ptah, Amun-Re, Ramses II and Ry-Horakhty.In 1954, the government decided to build Aswan High Dam. This meant that the Nile Valley would be flooded and that Abu Simbel itself would be under water.

It was unthinkable that Egypt should lose one of its most important monuments, so plans were made to rescue it. The massive statues were into pieces which weighed over 30 tonnes each. These were raised over 60 metres up the cliff, where they were attached to a concrete base. The work took thousands of workers more than three years to complete. Today, the temples, which were re-opened in 1968, are an amazing combination of ancient and modern engineering.Many years after the building of Abu Simbel, China had a different problem which was solved by another great engineering project. Many years ago,enemies were attacking the rich towns of northern China. The emperor decided to keep the attacks out, so work on the Great Wall of China began in 220 BC and continued for hundreds of years. Eventually, the wall reached a length of 6400 km. It is the longest Structure ever built and was all made without machines. Its five-meter width is wide enough for soldiers to ride along on horses to stop attackers from climbing over the wall.

Great Works Site Temple Grave Cliff Position Illuminate Illumination Statue Flood Unthinkable Rescue Weighted over Raise over.,, up Concrete Basis Re opened Enemy Raid
emperor reached a length of B C= Before Christ A D= Anna Domino

greet work location tomb carved into calf be+ situated in eliminate elimination figure - float monuments massive outweighed by attached to base basic combination raiders
attackers soldiers Eventually Structure Its five-meter width

- 1-Many amazing great works. @ . work

2- The larger temple was positioned so that at certain times of the year, the rays of the rising

sun would illuminate the statues.

@so that 3- In 1954, the government decided to build Aswan High Dam .
#In 1954, the government decided to have Aswan High Dam built. 4- Plans were made to rescue it. . make 6400 km was all made without machines. 7-. Its five-meter width is wide enough for soldiers to ride along on horses .
5- Eventually, the wall reached a length of 6- It is the longest structure ever built and

Language Function Guess and deduce 1-It must be It can't be 2- It may be .It might be.. 3- I think it ishe is.. she is 1-Respond these sentences
1-Why is everyone putting their umbrellas up? 2- Leila took her driving test yesterday. Now she's looking very unhappy. 3- My friend told me the homework was on page 41, but there isn't a page 41 . 4-Karim thought he had shut the gate to the field, but now the goats are all in the road.

2-Mention the place ,the speakers and function in each of the following two mini-dialogues.
1A- Excuse me. Do you speak English? B- Yes, I do. How can I help you? A- Could you tell me the way to the Cairo Tower, please? B Yes. Cross the road here, take the first road on the right. and the tower is at the end of that road. 2- A- We have to give our English homework in today. B- I know, but I don't know where my book is. A- Isn't it in your school bag? B- No, I think I must have left it at home.

3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d.

1- Too much sun can be ( respectable - unthinkable incorrect- conflict- expensive) for us. 2-Taha Hussein was a (greet-greed-great-gate) writer. 3-I read Naguib Mahfouz ( career-works-work-working). 4-During Wafaa's wedding we ( illuminated-eliminated-illiterate- illusion) all streets. 5-Some sweethearts ( cut-carve-curve-cave) their names on trees. 6-Incas built tombs on the ( cliffs-gulf-golf-gloves) of mountains. 7-It is ( reason-unthinkable-able-thinks) to lose one of our monuments in Luxor. 8-Police ( secured- arrested-rescuers -rescued) the lady from the gang. 9-The ( base-basis-basic-basically) of the pyramids is very large.

10-The government( rose-arose-raised-aroused) the price of cigarettes. 12-The road to Assuit from Cairo reached a ( width-length-long-wide) of 400 km. 13-The Rome conquered Egypt 109 (BC- BBC-BA-BSC) . 14-Leila suffered headache due the ( combine-combination-delegation-group) of jet lag and high altitudes. 15-Modern houses are made of( steel-mud-concrete-concord). 16-Her disadvantages outweighed( in-of-at-by) his advantages. 17-A great fortress was built (under - underneath - below - beneath) the mount. 18-Everyone is putting (his - their - ones - there) umbrellas as it is raining heavily.

4-Find the mistake and correct it:

1- The artist curved. the sculpture from a massive piece of stone. 2-Mountain a large structure that is built to remind us of an important event or a famous person. 3- The tunnel is about eight metres in circle. 4- The status of the pharaoh is a famous ancient monument. 5- What about go shopping this afternoon? 6-The Nile is the longest river I have never seen.

5-Translate into Arabic;

Our government is trying to solve the problem of unemployment. It gives loans to the youth as they have to start their own business. It is keen on creating many labour opportunities for the university graduates

6-Translate into English;

. ==================================================================

3) Read the following passage and answer the questions: ( 8 Marks )

Every one has heard of Bill Gates , one of the richest and most successful people in the world. Microsoft , the business he started with a friend in 1975 , has become the world's largest computer software company. At school Bill soon showed that he was very intelligent, and especially good at Maths and Science, His parents decided to send him to Lakeside , the private school where he first began to use computers. 13year-old Bill and his school friend Paul Alien were soon spending all their time writing programs and learning about computers instead of doing their schoolwork ! After finishing school in 1973 , Bill went to Harvard , America's most famous university . The next year , he and Paul Alien wrote an operating program for the Altair , one of the world's first micro computers. The two friends started Microsoft in 1975 . Since then , the company has continued to grow , producing most of the world's leading PC software. One reason for his success is that Gates has always been very ambitious , and hardworking. When he does find time to relax , he likes puzzles , golf and reading about science . He has already given huge amounts of money to charity and says that he plans to give away almost all of his wealth when he retires.

- Answer the following questions :

1- Why has Gates been so successful? 2-- What does he do in his free time? 3-- What does he plan to do with all his money?

Choose the right answer :4- After school Gates went to the most (unknown -ordinary -well known ) university in America. 5- Gates and his (pen friend - colleague - classmate) Paul Alien started Microsoft in 1975.

Samir Fahmy

Present

001% She is clever. I'm sure ------I'm certain----I think----I believe----I imagine---Certainly---must + %80 -

Past He played well.

must have + pp

-He must be a teacher. -I'm sure he is a doctor. -He must be a teacher.

can't +

-He must have been a teacher. -I think he recorded the song. -He must have recorded the song.
can't have + pp

-He can't be a teacher. -I'm sure, he isn't the killer. -He can't be the killer.
may=could +

-He can't have been a teacher. -I think he didn't go to the country. -He can't have gone to the country.
%50 may have + pp

not sure not certain perhaps probable

-He may be a teacher. -Perhaps, he arrives early. -He may arrive early.

-He may have been a teacher. -Perhaps she phoned me. -She may have phoned me.
might have + pp

very not sure might + very not certain -He might be a teacher. it is possible -It's possible he will come. I don't think so -He might come. I don't believe

%25

-He might have been a teacher. -I don't think they went out. -They might have gone out.

Choose the correct words:

1--I have just Seen Safaa at school. She ( must be- cant be-may be- might be ) at home. 2-This is not Alaas book You( must be-cant be-will be-should be) mistaken. 3--Nurhan (must be-cant be-must have been-cant have been) ill last week. She was at school. 4--He ( cant have escaped-must have escaped-may have escaped- will have escaped) He is in prison. 5--Tahny ( cant be may be-might be- must be) sad she has passed exams. 5--If only I ( studied-had studied-would study-could study) harder and harder this year. 6- They left two hours ago, so they( must-must have-have-can't have) arrived by now. It is not far 7- No one is sure where Ali is, but we think he ( must-can't have-might have-must have) gone to see his uncle. 8-He (must-cant-neednt -mustnt) have known about your illness. Nobody told him

about it. 9- The policeman told her to turn right and she turned left. She ( must-may-can't-could) have understood him. 10- It (must-may-might-can't ) be a bird. You must be mistaken. 11- When he worked up he didnt find his watch. Someone (must-can't-should- mustn't) have stolen it.
112- He (must be can't be won't be must have been) ill. He eats like a horse. 13-He (will have must have - could have need to have) taken the early train. I'm really not sure. 214-You (can may not should can't) take any pictures here. The sign over there says, "No Photographing." 315-She (is capable has the ability can could) to explain things clearly. 416-The rain (might - must shall need) have stopped by now. I'm not sure.

Samir Fahmy
4- Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write it correctly. .
1- I'm not sure how well did in the test at school today, . 2- You can't have been very thirsty. There's no orange juice left in the bottle . 3- Diana may have been ill .He went to school and played the match.. 4- He must be married. He is three years old. 5-You shouldn't smoke .It is not allowed. 6-Karima may be rich she has three cars and a villa in marina.

Translate into Arabic;

Cutting off trees in cities is an ill deed. Trees give us shade in summer and the green colour makes us feel at ease. Trees also purify the air and they give off oxygen by day. Thats why we should do our best to spread the green colour all over our country.

Translate into English:

1-

2-.

Samir Fahmy

Unit eight: Listening

Presenter: Hello, and welcome to The Book Programme. Id like to start by telling you something that happened last night. As I was going to bed, I saw that my sons bedroom light was still on. I knocked on the door and went in. My son was reading in bed. I complained that it was rather late and that it was time for him to go to sleep. I sit he would be tired the next day. My son explained that his book was really exciting and he wouldnt be able to sleep until hed finished it. When I asked him what he was reading, he said, Treasure Island- probably the most popular book by the writer were looking at today: Robert Louis Stevenson. My guest is Sally Spencer, whos writing a biography of Stevenson. Sally could you tell us about Stevensons life? Sally Spencer: Certainly. Its not surprising that your son enjoyed Treasure Island. It was written in 1883 and has been a bestseller ever since. The author, Robert Louis Stevenson, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1850. As a child, he had health problems and spent a lot of time in bed. In 1867 he went to Edinburgh University to study engineering. However, he was more interested in literature. Stevenson soon told his father that he wanted to be a writer. Presenter: What did his father think about that? Sally Spencer: He was disappointed because he wanted his son to have a respectable profession. He won him to be an engineer like him. But he said his son could be a writer if that was what he wanted. Presenter: Did he start writing immediately? Sally Spencer: No, he didnt. In 1873 was very ill and his doctor told him he should go abroad to recuperate. Thats why he went to the south of France, where he started to write essays reviews and short stories. Presenter: When did you start writing novels? Sally Spencer: Well, he wrote his best works, including Treasure Island, Kidnapped and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde between 1880 and 1887. Presenter: Was he living in Britain during this time? Sally Spencer: Yes. He lived in Britain until 1887, when his father died. Later, Stevenson and his wife sailed to the South Seas and visited the island of Samoa. The climate there was good for Stevensons health and they liked it so much that they decided to live there permanently. Presenter: Did he ever go back to Scotland? Sally Spencer: No, he didnt. He stayed in Samoa and continued writing until he died in 1894. Presenter: Thank you, Sally. I must admit, I found Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde even more exciting than Treasure Island. When my sons read them both, Ill ask him if he agrees.

1-Key Vocabulary
Present Presenter Knock Complain Campaign

present Presentation kick complaint camp

Bestseller Author Health Cure Recuperation Engineering Admit Own up Guest Hostess Disappointed Disappointment Kidnapped Island Biography Permanently Permanent

healthy recuperate post operation literature confess deny host visitor frustrated frustration kidnappers isle autobiography Temporary Temporarily

sale

- -

playwright

Special difficulties= words usually confused

1-Rather 2-Quite

3--I'd like + to + inf 4--I like +ing )5Exciting

Ing i n g (

6Excited

)7-Profession

) ( ed )

 8-Job work 10-Work 15-Composition - )) ) )

11-Respectable 12-Respected

13-Essay

16-Review

17-Article

- ..... - -- - . . . . . . .

Knock on =at Knock off Knock down 18-Reviewer

 19-Critic

LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
Situation Agree Accept Approval -It's a good idea. -That would be nice. -All right/That sounds good Refuse- Disagree- Decline -I am not very keen . -I'd like to but I can't. -I'm sorry, I can't.

1-Suggestion
1-What\How about +v+ ing? 2-Why don't we+ ? 3-Let's

Exercises

1- Respond to each of the following situations.

1- A friend asks you whether you would like to go somewhere together at the weekend. 2- The same friend does not want to go the beach, but suggests the swimming pool. 3- A friend suggests that you join a book club together. You do not want to join a book club, but you would like to join a sports club. 4- The same friend suggests going to the cinema in your town tomorrow .. You are not sure:

2-Say the place , the speakers and function:

1- A-Can I find a book about Robert Louis Stevenson? B-Of course it is on the shelf on the right corner. 2- A-Your tickets please. B-here you are . B; Your seats are no 43 and 44 at the last row. A: When does the show start?

3-Choose the correct words:

1- My brother went on holiday to Aswan. Now he's decided to live there ( permanently- temporarypermanent- temperature) 2- I thought the test would be easy, but I must ( dot-admit-adopt-adapt) I'm finding it quite difficult. 3- Someone( kicked-looked-knocked-kite) on our door late last night, but I didn't open it. 4- Doctors and nurses belong to the medical( job-profession-career-mission). 5- All my friends come from very ( respectable-respected-respect-rescue) families. 6- My grandfather( treated- recuperated- acupunctured-cupped) at the moment after a long illness. 7- I'm reading a new( autobiography-biography-story-life) of William Shakespeare. 8- Ali wasn't badly injured in the accident, but his. (recuperated-recuperation-operation-station) took longer than we thought. 9- I have worked in a lot of different places. Now I'd like a more ( permanently- temporary-permanenttemperature) ). job. 10- You can find (biographical -biography-geography-geographical) information about many writers on the internet. 11- When he said sorry, it was an ,( admit-confess-admission-permission) that he had been wrong. 12- I (respect-respectable-respected-respectful) people who are honest and work hard.) 13- If you are a doctor, it's very important to behave ( profession-professionally- professional-careful) towards your patients. 14-The exam is ( quite-rater-quiet-quit) difficult15-The shop knocked ( on-of-off-out) prices during the sale. 16-All Egyptians were ( appointed-disappointed-appointment-disappointment) when Egypt last the match in The Sudan.

4-Find the mistake and correct it:

1-I would like visiting the country. 2- He lived in Britain since 1887, when his father died. 3-He was more interested on literature. 4-Pablo owned that he helped Lander to steal the mask of Gold. 5-Chinese use the recuperation to treat bones pains. 6-I read an article on tourism.

Translate into English

1-. 2-.

Unit eight: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde takes place in London in the nineteenth century. Dr. Henry Jekyll, a respected scientist, is doing research into human nature. He believes that human beings have a good and evil side and that these sides are always in conflict. Dr. Jekyll colleagues disagree with his ideas and disapprove of his research. So Dr. Jekyll starts doing secret experiments on himself to prove his ideas. He takes special medicine which changes not only his character, but also his appearance. For a short time after he takes the medicine, he becomes Mr. Hyde, an evil man who looks frightening, his a violent personality and commits terrible crimes. Later, friends think something strange is happening when Dr. Jekyll rewrites his will, leaving everything to Mr. Hyde, a man they do not know. They worry more when the police start asking questions about Mr. Hyde. Who is this stranger who is never seen at the same time as Dr. Jekyll? They think that Dr. Jekyll may be protecting Hyde from the place, or that Hyde is blackmailing Dr. Jekyll. Dr. Jekyll has now proved that human nature is both good and evil, but soon he starts to enjoy being Mr. Hyde. He changes into Mr. Hyde more often and finds it more difficult to change back into Mr. Jekyll. Eventually Dr. Jekyll changes into Mr. Hyde without taking any medicine and finds he cannot change back again. This means that he cannot leave his house, because someone might see him and he might be arrested. The story ends badly for both characters.

badly Science supernatural Living things Good Strife Fight Struggle Approve of Mystery Personal Appear Freighted Eventually Personnel manager Character Comment Well bribe Idioms and Expressions 1-Scientist, is doing research into human nature DO Dr. Jekyll starts doing secret experiments on himself to prove his ideas not only his character, but also his appearance ----- Commits terrible crimes. - Commit suicide 1-Choose the correct answer 1- She has a very nice (character-personal-personality-person) She is kind to everyone she meets.
2- People who ( make-commit-did-gave)serious crimes should be sent to prison. 3- He left everything to his son in his( well-will-walls-intention).

respected scientist research human nature human beings evil conflict colleagues disapprove of secret character his appearance. frightening, violent Violence personality commits his will blackmailing

4- When my brother started his new job, all his .( flat mates-classmates-lodgers-colleagues) were friendly and helpful. 5- If you are going for a job interview, your( shoes-appearance-clothes-appears) is important. You must look your best. 6- All The Nile Basin countries ( argue-conflict-sleep-discuss) for the Nile Water. 7- We ( bang-hit-punch-knock). on the door three times, but they did not hear us. 8- Nurses are part of the medical ( profession - work - job career). 9- I get on well with all my ( people - workers colleagues-- relatives) at work, but they are not close friends. 10- The accident (.took-occurred-came-caused) place at eight o'clock when everyone was on their way to work. 11- They left two hours ago, so they .( must b must have e have d can't have) . arrived by now. It is not far. 12-According human ( nature-natural- naturally -nose) man wants to know everything 13-Scientists do experiments ( at-on-of-for) animals. 14-The journalist ( blacksmith-blackmailed-blackboard-blacklist) the minister after seeing him narrow situation. 15-All human( are-be-beings-living) can think. 16-Not only did Mariam succeed ,( so-but-if-as) she also got high marks.

Respond to each of the following situations:

1- Someone says they think magazines are a waste of money. Disagree, giving a reason.. 2- A friend from England calls and asks about the weather. You see dark clouds in the sky. 3-One of your friends watched a football match on TV and found it boring. You have a different opinion. 4- You hear someone use a word you do not understand. The word is energy.

Mention the place, the speakers and the language function in each of the following two mini-dialogues: .
1- A So, John, could you tell our listeners how you started? B- Certainly. It was when I was seven. I won first prize in a poetry competition. When I was a student some of my stories were published in a university magazine. A- And now it's your full-time job? B That's right. My second novel was published last year. 2- A Could you help me carry the shopping into the house, please, Aisha? B -OK, Mum. Where shall I put it? A- Just put the bags on the kitchen floor for the moment Place:. Speaker A;. Speaker B: Function:..

Read the following passage, and then answer the questions.

A village in the mountains

When the people of a small island off the coast of Scotland woke up and looked out of their bedroom windows one morning, they were amazed. At the north end of their island, they saw mountains covered with snow and a village. The village consisted of a large building with smaller houses around it. The reason. on that the people were a azed was because none of these things had been there when they went to bed the night before. This strange sight remained all day, but then disappeared when the sun went down. Scientists believe that they had seen the mountains and village from another country, 800 kilometres to the north. Experts agreed that unusual weather and light had probably caused this strange sight..
m

A-Answer these questions

1- What did the people see when they looked out of their windows?
2-When did the village disappear? 3 What did scientists think they had seen?

B-Choose the correct answer

4 -How did the people feel when they saw the village? a- They were frightened. b- They were' angry. c They were disappointed. d- They were very surprised. 5- How did the experts explain the sight? a- They thought people had built a new village. b -They said the islanders had not really seen anything unusual. c- They thought it was caused by the weather. d- They thought the village was made of snow. B OK, Mum. Where shall I put it?

Translate into Arabic:

1-The stabbing of Marwa Al-Sherbiny inside a Dresden courtroom in July sparked protests across the Arab world. Her murderer was sentenced to life imprisonment in November.

2-Translate into English

. .
------------------------------------

-1 -2

: ( )

1-
:1-

1-said to told Said said Says to tells Say say : said : Mentioned-claimed-asserted-denied-complained -agreed.. Etc
. that 2 -

3-
must . 4- must have + pp wasn't to

needn't didn't have to mustn't must - have to - has to had to

yesterday

: 5- the day before - the previous day

tomorrow now tonight next this

then

the next ( following ) day today ago, last here these

that day before there those

that night the following that

1-Sarah said to me I will travel to Tanta tomorrow Sarah told me that he would travel to Tnata the next day. and added that that : She said I didnt attend the party. I must apologize. She said that she hadn't attended the party and added that she had to apologize.

ordered asked told advised 1- : ( to + 2- ) 1-He said to his son Help the poor. He advised his son to help the poor. ( not to + 3- ) 2-He said to me dont waste your time. He advised ( told ) me not to waste my time. 3-He said tome " Open the door and don't close the window." He ordered me to open the door and not to close the window.

.1. 1-Teacher said to Students, The earth is round. The teacher told students that the earth is round. . Rania says, I will travel to London. Rania says that she will travel to London. . He said just now, No one is allowed to leave. He said just now that no one is allowed to leave.

inquired

asked wondered - wanted to know-1- : whether if 2- 3 -. 4- 5- . 6-

1-Alaa said to me, Do you speak English ? Alaa asked me if I spoke English ? 2-Bassma said to me, Where did you spend your holiday last year ?" Bassma asked me where I had spent my holiday the year before.

1-Wesal ( wondered-said-said to-told) his son had bought a car the day before. 2--Menatallah told me that she( would-will- had- had) visit Tanta the following day. 3-The teacher told his students that The Nile( ran-had run-will run-runs) in Egypt. 4-Mervet ordered Maha( to if- whether- not to) make noise in the class. 5-Alaa asked me ( why-where-what-when) I had gone the day before. 6-Do you know where( Dina went-did Dina go-Dina had gone-had Dina gone) the previous day. 7-The police ( told-warned-wondered-wandered) people from the deadly spiders. 8-I do not approve( of-in-off-at ) your opinion, 9-She asked me where I (stay-did I stay-was staying-am I staying) then. 10-(Who-Whose-Where-How many) book was the one you were pointing at? 11-The interviewer asked the professor (whether-unless-that-whatever) he had worked 12-I want know how (you helped-have you helped-do you help-had you helped) her. 13-Can you kindly tell me where (is the manager-the manager is-the manger was)? 14 She asked me whether( I had been - I went I go - had I been)) there before 15 The piano is our favourite musical ( tool - instrument - equipment device) 16 Her uncle can't remember his accident. The doctor thinks he may have. ( a headache- phobiaamnesia- injury)

Find the mistake and correct it

1-- She's going meet her sister in town. 2-- I fixed the lake in the petrol tank. 3--How many time do I need to drive to the city centre? 4--Oil and gas are find under the ground. 5-- Water is the solid form of ice . 6-Ra'fat EI-Hagan and Gamma's EI-Shaw wan were very famous Egyptian kings. 7-Hala asked that she would visit Aswan the next day. 8-Ghada told me that she is playing chess then. 9-The officer ordered his men if shoot fire on the enemy. 10-Jackleen wondered if Marleen has done her homework the day before. Translate into Arabic The Taj Mahal, which is outside the city of Agra in India, was built by the Emperor Shah Jahan. It is a tomb for his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Her body is buried under the' . building. The Taj Mahal was started in 1633 and took 22 years to build. Today, it is one of the most popular buildings in the world for tourists Translate into English 1-. 2-. *******************

S.F.M 2011 0106544801

Unit (9) The Power of nature

Amena: Weve been learning that some people are afraid that the light from the sun might go out permanently during an eclipse. Professor: Really? Well, that couldnt happen, of course. But people are right to think that the suns very important. Shahd: Yes thats right. If we didnt get heat and light from the sun, there would be no life on the Earth, would there? Professor: Definitely not! Human beings have always understood this. Shahd: So, what exactly is the sun, Professor? Professor: Its a giant ball of hot gases, which is 150 million kilometres from the Earth. Amena: Wow! As far as that! Do we know how hot it is? Professor: Yes, we do have this information. The surface of the sun is about 6,000 degrees centigrade, but if you took the temperature at its centre, youd find it was more like 15 million degrees. Shahd: That's incredible. Professor: The sun gives us heat and light, which we need, but it also gives out x-rays and ultraviolet rays, which can be very harmful to life. Shahd: Really? Can you explain why they dont harm us, then? Professor: Ill try and explain. Most of these rays are absorbed in the atmosphere, so they arent able to affect us. But I ought to warn you about one very important thing. Shahd: What is that? Professor: The sun is incredibly strong and you should never look straight at it. If you look at the sun, youll damage your sight. Shahd: Is it OK if you look at the sun wearing sunglasses? Professor: No, Im afraid its not. A friend of mine thought that, but he now has problems with his eyes. If he hadnt looked at the sun, he wouldnt have damaged his sight. Just remember, never look at the sun. Power giant powerful ball - force strength nature natural Afraid of Afraid to Afraid that Afraid for eclipse

As far as surface Degree centigrade ultraviolet rays, Infrared rays absorbed in Take in inhale Soak up

Solar eclipse Lunar eclipse clips permanently

look straight sunglasses sight protective

Language Notes
1-afraid of Afraid for Afraid to 2-be the right ( have ; be ) 3-definitely ) : Interestingly / undoubtedly /unfortunately / luckily Ex: 1-Interestingly, many people prefer to use traditional banks than online banking. 2- Undoubtedly, he is the best person for the job. 4-absorb into= in= soak up= = Ex:1-The drug is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream. 2-Towels absorb moisture. -absorbent - 5-We do have information= for sure for emphasis do Ex: 1-I do love you Manal= I love you very much.

Mention the place and the speakers in each of the following two mini-dialogues.
1A -Excuse me. Do you speak English? B- Yes, I do. How can I help you? A Could you tell me the way to the Cairo Tower, please? B- Yes. Cross the road here, take the first road on the right. and the tower is at the end of that road. 2- A- We have to give our English homework in today. B- I know, but I don't know where my book is. A- Isn't it in your school bag?

2-Choose the correct words

1-Trees ( absorb deny-give-take0 carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. causing damage 2-We enjoy solar( eclipse clips-chips-clutch) on TV. 3-After volcanoes we can see hot( wells-geyser-holes. 4-Smoking is very harmful ( of-in-for-to ) health 5- (ultra-super-over-under) violent ray is light which can make people's skin go darker. 6-(Eclipses-escape-escapism-score) happen when the sun or moon seems to disappear, because one of them passing between the other and the Earth . 7-Taha Hussein lost his ( site-fight-sight- sigh) when he was a child. 8- The best thing about our holiday to Iceland was our visit to the see the( geyser-caters-gases-germs).

9- If it rains so hard that the soil cannot( absorb-sort-soak-sick)water quickly enough, there are floods. 10- When there is an eclipse, of the sun, everything goes dark and the birds stop( singing.-sing-singssongs) 11-If you look at the sun without sunglasses you will( go-get-grow- fall) blind. 12- She does not need to wear glasses. There is nothing wrong with her ( eyes-sight-see-seeing) ' 13-My mother put fried fish on( absorb-absorbent-a sort- absorbs) paper. 14-The adjective is harmful The verb and the noun is ( harms-harm-hurt-harmless) 15-The verb from sight. Is ( sighted-sought-see-sighed) . 16- (Volcanic -Volcano- Vowels-Vow) dust causes the

Translate into Arabic:

1- The establishment of public libraries and school libraries contributed to improving the learning process as a whole and helped many citizens to read freely. Public libraries play an important role in spreading culture and awareness among people of all ages.

Translate into English:

-1 . .2-

============================================= =========

Unusual Weather
For most people, the word weather means the Sun, rain, wind or snow. If you live in southern Europe or Africa, you know that temperatures are higher and there is less rain than if you live in northern Europe or Canada. It is unusual for a weather forecast to surprise us. However, strange weather can occur all over the world. For example, people have seen giant pieces of ice falling from the sky. And what would you think if you saw a ball of light as big as a football on a plane, or floating through your home? Weather experts called these balls ball lightning. Some storms are very unusual and may cause terrible damage. The English town of Dunwich was once an important port, but in the fourteenth century, high waves and violent storms hit the area and most of the town disappeared beneath the sea. The worst storm in Britain, in 1703, killed more than 8,000 people. The worst flood in history was in 1887 in China when the Yellow River flooded and killed around a million people. Unusual weather is becoming more common, with very high or low temperatures and very heavy rainfall all over the world. This causes serious droughts in some places and floods in others. However, this is not a modern phenomenon: in Europe in the eighteenth century, there was a Little Ice Age when rivers like the River Thames in England froze.

What will happen to our weather in the future? No one really knows, but one day unusual weather may not be unusual any more.

predictions weather forecast give explanation waves drought lightning northern southern occur phenomenon earthquake erupt economy - float experts drown violent beneath flood sandstorm tornado heat waves geothermal energy roughly landscape tides wind blow

cause drought lightning northern occur phenomenon rainfall southern to make something happen a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water. a bright flash of electrical light in the sky during a storm in or from the north part of a country or area. to happen especially without being planned first. something that happens or exists especially something that is unusual or difficult to understand. The amount of rain that falls on an area in a particular period of time. in or from the south part of a country or area.

geyser sight ultraviolet rays

a hole in the earth from which hot water can rise the ability to see light which can make people's skin go darker.

1 Respond to each of the following situations :

1 You ask your friend about the weather today. 2 Your teacher asks you when solar eclipse occurs. 3 You ask your teacher about the difference between solar and lunar eclipse. 4 Your friend advise you to study well. 2 Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d : 1 An/ A --------- occurs when the light of the sun or the moon disappears. a eclipse b sandstorm c volcano d - earthquake 2 ---------- occurs when the moon is between the sun and the earth. a lunar eclipse b solar eclipse c moon eclipse d sun eclipse 3 Lunar eclipse occurs when the earth is between the -------a sun and moon b sun and earth c moon and earth d earth and sky 4 We are afraid ------------ he will lose his job. a of b off c at d - that 5 He looks for a ---------------- place not temporary. a temporary b easy c difficult d - permanent 6 We get ------------- from the sun. a heat and right b heat and night c heat and might d heat and light 7 He lost his ------------- so he can't see. a arm b see c sight d - eyesight 8 He has some problems ---------- his stomach. a for b during c with d - without 9 Before -------------- , they could save him. a sinking b floating c singing d - drowning 10 ----------- is a long period of dry weather without enough water. a drought b draught c flood d flight 11 - ---------- means something that happens especially unusual or difficult to understand. a Phenomenon b Common c usual d funny 12 A geyser is a hole in the -------------- from which hot water rises. a moon b sky c sea d earth 13 The best thing about our holiday to Iceland was our visit to see the -------- which water rises from . a geyser b fan c mountain d wave 14 If it rains so hard that the soil can't absorb water quickly enough , there are ---------------------a drought b floods c earthquakes d rain 15 When ------------- occur everything goes dark.

a floods b eclipses c rain d earthquakes 16 We can't see -----------, but they can damage our skin. a ultraviolet rays b sun c waves d earthquakes 17 She doesn't need to wear glasses. There is nothing wrong with her---a skin b sight c hand d heart 18 Greece and Spain are in ------------------- Europe. a north b northern c south d southern 19 An eclipse of the sun is a strange natural ------------a phenomena b phenomenon c phone d - phonetic 20 It has not rained here for five months , it is the longest ----- anyone can remember. a flood b earthquake c rain d drought 21 When I was a child I was afraid of storms . I covered my eyes in order not to see the --------------a moon b sun c lightning d thunder 22 The ultraviolet -------- can cause skin cancer. a toys b trays c rays d sprays 23 The volcano is in a state of ----------------------a eruption b corruption c instruction d structure 24 We should agree to ---------- the amount of pollution. a reduce b deduce c refuse d introduce 25 Plants ------------- oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. a absorb b absorbs c absorption d give out

3 Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly :

1 Solar eclipse occurs to the moon.. 2 Tanta lies in the southern of Mansoura. 3-Scientists are not sure what made volcanoes to erupt. 4- Greece and Spain are in north. Europe. 5- An eclipse of the sun is a strange natural phenomenal . 6- Storms can cure at any time and in any place. 7- It has not rained here for five months. It is the longest .draught anyone can remember. 8-. I covered my eyes so that I could not hear 'the lightening. 9- The sun is made of hot rock. 10 The Earth is the source of all energy.

Translate into Arabic:

Cigarette smoking is linked directly with lung cancer. Today, in many countries, as many as one third of all cancer deaths are attributed to cigarette smoking. It is also known that smoking increases the risks of other diseases of the heart and lungs.

Translate into English:

1- . 2- .

( IF)
Exercises
1 - Mention the place, the speakers and the language each of the following two minidialogues: 1-A B A B 2-A B A
Good morning, Mr. Ali. Good morning, Delia. You're very late this morning. Yes, I'm sorry. The train was delayed. Well, Could you take these letters to the post and could you call Mr. Hany? Excuse me; I'm looking for some information about Festivals around the World for my English class. There're some books about festivals in the culture section over. If I find something, can I take it home and read it?

Place: . Speaker A: . Speaker B: . Function.

Place: Speaker A: . Speaker B: Function.

1-Choose the correct answer:

1- You shouldn't look at the sun (unless without if in case of) you wear protective glasses. 2-(If Unless In case of Without) you do your job well, youll be fired. 3- (If Unless But for Were) you get out in the cold, youll catch a flu. 4-If you eat junk food, you (would would have might have will) get ill. 5- (If Unless But for Were) she gets promotion. she won't get more money. 6-If Scientists knew when earthquakes happen, earthquakes (don't cause will cause wouldn't cause wouldn't have caused) a lot of destruction. 7-(Had If Should Unless) I worn my glasses, I wouldn't have had terrible headaches. 8- (If Unless Without Had) I didn't drink too much tea, I would sleep at night. 9-If he hadn't eaten too much sugar, he (wouldn't harm won't harm can't harm wouldn't have harmed) his teeth. 10-As long as you (don't won't hadn't haven't) boil your food, it won't lose vitamins. 11-If it (wasn't weren't hadn't been had been) for the storm, the match wouldn't have been cancelled. 12-He (wouldn't have would have would will have) got lost unless he had had a map. 13-(Provided As long Unless Were) that you pay for my drink, I'll go with you. 14-If he (read reads had read would read) the papers, he would find a lot of job advertisements. 14-If he (had invited was invited had been invited were invited), he would have gone to the party. 15-If I hadn't learnt English, I (would have wouldn't have could might) understood you. 16-If you (work worked have worked had worked) harder, you would get higher marks. 17-If I wanted some advice about revising for an exam, I (ask would ask can ask asked) my teacher. 18-If he hadn't committed that crime, he (would be sent would have sent wouldn't have been sent will be sent) to jail. 19(Without If Unless Should) his assistance, I might have lost my job.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then correct them :

1--If I felt tired, I usually go to bed early. 2-If I found any money at school, I'll take it to one of the teachers. 3-If you haven't taken those photos, I wouldn't have remembered our holiday. 4-I'll tell you if I saw anything unusual. 5-If there hadn't been a doctor on the train, the man would die. 6-If his wife hadn't been rich, he doesn't marry her. 7-Unless she makes that phone call, she wouldn't have known about his illness. 8-Unless he arrives early, he will have missed the lecture. 9-If he were a lawyer, he helps me. 10-Had he seen the signal, he wouldn't make that accident.

A ) Translate into Arabic : Weather is not the same as climate. Weather is the condition of the air during a brief period. Climate is the average weather of an area over a long time.

B ) Translate into English :

1 . 2 .

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ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT

Ministry of Education
General Secondary Education Certificate Examination, 2011 [Second Stage - First Session] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1-Respond the following ( 4 marks)

1-Your friend think that Mohammed El-Baradi will be the next president of Egypt. you disagree. 2-Marwa suggests spending the holiday in Sharm You decline. 3-You ask Salwa her opinion about the new film.(Babous)staring Adel Imam. 4-Your friend looks upset ask for the reason.

2-Say what is the place ,speakers and the function 4 marks)

1-A: May I help you sir? B:I d like to have my lap top fixed. 2-A:Would mind doing me a favour? B; No ,not at all. What is it? A:I want you to mend my old shoes. Place: Speaker A.. Speaker B Function:..

3-Choose the correct answers 8marks

1- Millions of people watched the rocket .. ,., .... , ....... on TV.

a- start b- launch c- set off d- beginning 2- The medicine I'm taking is wonderful. It has no side ......... , ..... . a- results. b damage. c effects. d problems. 3- My brother and I are not twins, but we are very .............. . a- alike. B- same . c -like. d- correct. 4 -Coal and oil are two kinds of fossil., ...... , ..... a- petrol. b- gas. c- energy. d- fuels. 5- Electricity is produced in a .. .. station. a- bus b- railway c- power d- energy 6 -I expect ......... : ...... you at the weekend. a -I'm going to see b- I'll see c- I'm seeing d- I see 7- The film ........ , .. ', ... at 7.30 this evening. a- starts b- will start c -is starting d- is going to start 8- How ............... times have you seen that film? a- many b- much c-lots d- different 9 -The distance from here to Cairo ........... , .... two kilometres. a - are b- has been c- is d- is being 10 -In some places, wood ................ to heat people's homes. a- are burnt b -burns c burnt d- is burnt 11-The word " geo" means -----------------a moon b sun c earth d heat 12-Coal , oil and gas are all forms of ---------------------------a atomic energy b nuclear energy c hydroelectric d fossil fuels 13-Do you like chicken or fish? a- a b- an c- any d- no article 14- Ten minutes ..........enough to put on your clothes. a- is b- are c- has d- have 15-- Athletics ..............a good form of exercise. a- is b- are c- has d- have 16- - --------- means the study of the language and history of the ancient Greeks and Romans. a Classic b Classical c Classify d Classics

4- Find and correct the mistake in each sentence.(6 marks)

1-I've decided that I am doing more exercises in the future. 2-Having saw the film ,he went to bed. .. 3- Thirty kilometres are a long way to walk in hot weather 4- Millions of cars produce by Japanese companies every year . 5- In many countries, children take the right to go to school until the age of 16. 6- Electricity is produced in energy stations. .'

5 -Read the following passage and then answer the questions (5 marks)
The Maldives is famed for its rare underwater beauty. The profusion of colours and the abundance and variety of life underwater have fascinated divers and snorkellers since Maldives was discovered as a diving destination. The highest level of visibility, that one could expect, sometimes exceeds 50 meters. Wann temperatures throughout the year makes diving in the Maldives a delight; you would want to experience over and over again. The Maldives has some of the best dive sites in the world and many visit the Maldives repeatedly for the sole purpose of

diving. All resorts in the Maldives have professional dive schools with multi-lingual instructors and conduct courses for beginners as well as the advanced. Many of the resorts have excellent house reefs. Just a short swim from the beach and snorkellers too can experience the same pleasures from the surfing ice

A. Answer the following questions:

1. Why do you think the Maldives is a great summer resort? 2. What facilities do they provide for visitors in the Maldives? 3. How can a foreigner learn diving in the Maldives?

B. Choose the right answer from a, b, c or d:

4. MuIti- lingual means ............. . a- speaking more than one language. b- speaking more than two languages c- only speaking a native language. d- speaking no languages. 5. The underlined word (sites) means ............ . a- houses c- villas b- places d- cottages

5- Read the following passage, then answer the questions 5 marks)

Today I am a teacher. Many years ago, I used to have summer jobs. Once I worked in a factory for gloves. I liked the people who were working there .They used to treat me as if I were their son. They advised me. They also helped me with my work. I learned a lot of things from them. The summer after that one, I worked as a waiter in a restaurant . I used to carry heavy trays every now and then. That is why my back and feet used to hurt me at the end of the shift. However, tips enabled me to do many things I was unable to do before At last, I could join the swimming club without worrying about fees. I began to enjoy my spare time in a way or another. I had a lot of time to enjoy the outdoor sports. Today, I say to myself that I will never forget those days when I needed the others' help and support. I will never forget my summer jobs and the different experiences they provided me with.

A- Answer the following questions:

1. What is the second summer job that the writer have? 2. How was it difficult for him? 3. Did he benefit from it or not? B- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 4. The writer will never forget the summer jobs because of the ............. he got. a- experiments b- experiences c- excursions d- exercises 5. People at the gloves factory were ............... . a- kind and friendly b- kind and unfriendly c- unkind but friendly d- rude

D- The Novel

7) (A) Answer the following questions: ( 7 marks)

1- In what way was Leila different from Samira? 2- What made Leila take up archaeology?

B) Read the following quotation. then answer the questions

1)"Are you hoping to find tombs like that in Peru?" 4-Who asked that question to whom?
5--What does "that" refer to?

C) Complete the following sentences:

1-Leila studied In Rome lest . 2-Archaeologists in Egypt developed

E- Writing 8) Write a paragraph on: ( 6 marks)

How to save energy
F- Translation

9) A- Translate into Arabic 3marks)

In the field of space, it is expected to set up a completely artificially constructed space colony there . According to experts' reports, it is already technically feasible to achieve such a great project. Future will witness further development in this field.

B) Translate into English ( 2 marks)

.1- .2-
: Samir Fahmy 0106544801