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It is "clearer", "more flexible", "more expressive",
"more eloquent, subtle or refined", and "most
suitable for international negotiations
When a diplomat interprets his interlocutor's
language and even single words used in a dialogue
or correspondence, he always starts from the
presumption that the choice of words and phrasing
has been conscientious and deliberate.
The real weight of words and terms in diplomatic
professional jargon is much stronger than those same
words in normal
www.hosameldin.org

While diplomats cannot expect translators to produce

parallel texts that are identical in meaning, they do expect
them to produce parallel texts that are identical in their
diplomatic effect.

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It is impossible to fully appreciate the nature of
diplomatic language without having some familiarity
with its history.
Even without alliteration, parallelism was an
important stylistic feature of Anglo-Saxon official
documents.
These poetic features are still occasionally found in
the English official language

www.hosameldin.org

GENERAL FEATURES OF DIPLOMATIC

AND POLITICAL LANGUAGE:
Diplomats as well as politicians tend to defend
their technical vocabulary as essential to
communication within the profession, since they can
easily understand each other using the special
terminology. Studying diplomacy and politics is in a
large measure studying a highly technical and
frequently archaic vocabulary and a professional
argot.

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GENERAL FEATURES OF DIPLOMATIC

AND POLITICAL LANGUAGE:
It is different from ordinary language with respect to
vocabulary and style.
The prominent feature of political style is very long
sentences. However, the diplomatic style is very laconic.
The political language is always phrased in an impersonal
manner so as to address several audiences at once. While
diplomatic language is colored by personal attitudes.
Politicians try to be as precise as possible and use general,
vague and flexible language.
Political and diplomatic languages are conservative.
In both diplomatic and political languages there are many
words that have a legal meaning very different from their
ordinary meanings.
www.hosameldin.org

PROBLEMS
OF
DIPLOMATIC
POLITICAL TRANSLATION

&

Problems arising due to the cultural differences.

Paraphrasing: This method is explaining the SL concept if it
is unfamiliar to the target reader, when there is no equivalent
institution or concept in the target culture and when a literal
translation will make no sense.
Finding the Functional Equivalence: This is using a TL
expression that is the nearest equivalent concept. Of course it
is much more difficult to find the functional equivalent of a
legal SL term where the legal institutions of two cultures do
not have much in common

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PROBLEMS
OF
DIPLOMATIC
POLITICAL TRANSLATION

&

Word-for-Word (Literal) Translation: This is translating lexical

word for lexical word, and making adjustments of
prepositions, endings, and other grammatical features if
necessary.
Problems arising due to the lack of an established
terminology
Problems due to the use of unusual sentence structures in
the language
Using of old words and expressions
Problems arising due to the use of common terms with
uncommon meanings

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ad hoc Ambassador -Ambassador
Ambassador at large = Extraordinary Ambassador
Permanent representative
Dean =In Vatican diplomacy, the ambassador is called Nuncio
of the Diplomatic Corps

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 Counsellor


( -) Secretary


Consul
Attach

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:chancery documents

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consular documents

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Unclassified: not compromising, available to anyone.

Classified.
In confidence.
Confidential.
Secret.
Top Secret (translator has no access to these documents).

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first person
third person

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.
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Informal first person note(s).
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....
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 ( NOTE(S Third Person Note(s).

() Note(s) Verbale

.



( ... ...

"The Embassy (or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) of .. presents its compliments
to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of (name of country) and has the honor to...

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"of its highest consideration.

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 ( NOTE(S Third Person Note(s).

Note diplomatique.

- -
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Collective note
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 ( NOTE(S Third Person Note(s).

Memorandum

Note
( - )

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 ( NOTE(S Third Person Note(s).

Memorandum

- Aide-Memoire
- ( -).
-
Pro-Memoria



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 ( NOTE(S Third Person Note(s).

Memorandum
Letter(s) of Credence

Letter(s) of Recall
-
-

( )
Consular Commission

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 ( NOTE(S Third Person Note(s).

Memorandum
Full Powers


-

Ceremonial Communications
- - - - -
-

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 ( NOTE(S Third Person Note(s).

Letter(s).
-:
:Formal Letters -
Very truly yours
:Informal Letters
Very sincerely yours
:Official-Informal Letters
-

www.hosameldin.org

 INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS

: Instructions Reports
Instructions
:Ministry Order -
-Memorandum Circular
-Ministry Circular
Foreign Service Circular
:Ministry Letter

www.hosameldin.org

 INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS
Reports

:
:Periodical Reports .
:Special Reports
:Urgent Reports
:Event Reports -

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 INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS
Reports
:
:Cable/telegraphic reports .
Memorandum
:
: ..
: ...
: .. .
: -

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Thesaurus








-

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- -

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Electronic Tools

Computational Linguistics





%30 .

www.hosameldin.org


:Software

-
:
.Electronic Dictionaries, Lexicon and Glossaries
Terminology management tools
Adobe Acrobat reader Microsoft Word
DTP Software

( -)Free software (- )Shareware

()Commercial software
-

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:Software
:Word Processors

Word Processors
Microsoft Office



( )

Microsoft Word

www.hosameldin.org


:Electronic Dictionaries & Encyclopedias

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Web Browsers & Search Engines:

INTERNET EXPLORER- OPERA- MOZILLA FIREFOX

- GOOGLE - YEBOL - ASK.COM - EXCITE
ALTAVISTA - GOOGLE SCHOLAR - LYCOS
ARABY -BLOGLINES -FREEBOOKSEARCH

: ( : )
define means

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E-mail Software

:
Hotmail www.hotmail.com/
Yahoo- http://www.yahoo.com/
Gmail - www.gmail.com
Microsoft Outlook - http://www.microsoft.com/outlook
Eudora- http://www.eudora.com

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Specialized Databases
"Invisible Web "

MATHSCI- http://www.ams.org/mathscinet/
WESTLAW - http://www.westlaw.com
PROQUEST- www.proquest.com/
SCOPUS- www.scopus.com/scopus/home.url
HARVESTER42- harvester42.fzk.de/
PUBMED- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
BLOGSCOPE- www.blogscope.net/

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Chats and Online Communication
"" Chats :Systems

MSN MESSENGER - http://messenger.msn.com

YAHOO- messenger.yahoo.com/download/
SKYPE- http://www.skype.com/
ICQ- www.icq.com/icqchat/
PalTalk - http://www.paltalk.com/
CYBERNET WORLDS - http://www.cybernetworlds.com/
IMPERSONA - http://www.impersona.com/
AOL MESSENGER - http://www.aim.com/
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Proofreading Tools

Dictation Software

MacSpeech Dictate e-Speaking's Via voice
Talking Desktop Dragon Naturally Speaking Dictation

Antivirus Software

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...

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