Unit 3: Sub-Saharan Africa Guided Notes -Climate and Vegetation

8 climate regions are found in Africa Which is found the most? ____________________________ Exs: Sahara, Sahel, Kalahari, and Namib Travel is risky due to _____________________ conditions 90% of Africa is between the tropics hotter temperatures Little change between seasons

Rainfall?
Matter of EXTREMES Some areas receive too much, while other too little Closer to equator = _______________ Closer to desert = _________________ MOST RAIN: Rainforest in Central Africa & Africas west coast

The SahelThe Sahel - Steppe Grassland * Arabic word for _________ * Semi-arid region that divides the Sahara from Africa's tropical forests Desertification is __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________. SPREADING DESERTS THREATEN AFRICA - On the ________________________ edge of the Sahara, an area the size of Somalia has become __________________ over the past 50 years. The same

fate now threatens more than _______________________ of the African continent. The main cause of _________________________________ is not drought but mismanagement of land, including ______________________ and felling of tress and brushwood for fuel.

Savannah _______________________ Grassland area in northern Tanzania Its dry climate and hard soil prevent the growth of trees and many crops, but is perfect for growing _____________. Good for raising livestock and large animals

Tropical Rainforest Most at the ________________________________ Temps always at 80*F *_________________________________________ Facing _____________________________________

The Four Regions of Africa

1._____________________________ 2._____________________________ 3._____________________________ 4._____________________________

Bantu Migrations
The term ___________ refers to group of people who speak the same or similar language with common word NTU which means a person. In 2000 B.C. beginning in Nigeria, the Bantu people moved southward throughout Africa. On the way they spread their ______________ and cultures.

 Today about ___________________ Africans speak one of the 100s of Bantu Languages

East Africas Aksum Aksum (important East African civilization in 1000 A.D.) Location on the _________________ and Indian Ocean made it an important trading center and contributed to its power Traded with Egypt and ___________________ Empire 6 Century: Aksum lost many trade partners empire soon began to weaken
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European Colonization
The ____________________________ * Existed for centuries, however Europeans dramatically heightened the traffic * ___________________________- slave trade from Africa to New World ( N. America) * Many died during this month long trip across the Atlantic

Scramble for Africa In the __________century, Europes industrialized nations became interest in Africas raw materials. They wanted to ________________ them to obtain those raw materials All Countries were controlled by _______________________, except Liberia and Ethiopia (independent) Most nations become independent in the mid 1900s

Ethiopia Was not colonized by ________________________ Emperor ______________________ skillfully protected his country from Italian invasion with weapons from France and Russia.

Colonial Legacy * Political boundaries made by Europeans was/is causing __________________ (2 opposing groups occupying same land) * Left many regions under developed

Cultures of East Africa

The ________________ An ethnic group that lives on the grasslands of the rift valleys in Kenya and Tanzania Herd _____________________ and farm the land. Typical dress includes clothes made from calfskin or buffalo hide. Men and women wear long robes. Known for their intricate __________________and jewelry.

Ethnic Groups
Ashanti live in what is now ____________. They are known for their work in weaving colorful asasia, or Kente cloth. The cloth contains colorful woven geometric figures with specific meanings. Only _____________ were allowed to wear Kente cloth

South Africa In 1948, the white minority government of South Africa instituted a policy of apartheid. ______________________ (complete separation of the races) **Blacks lived in separate areas (segregated schools, hospitals, and neighborhoods) **______________________________________ Although blacks made up 75% of the population, they received only a small % of land. Apartheid ended in _________________

Zulu One of the largest South African ___________________ groups Their language Zulu, is a Bantu language. The Zulu kingdom played a major role in South African History In the early 19 century the Zulu controlled most of __________________. Under___________________, Zulu were classed as third class citizens and suffered from discrimination They remain today the most numerous ethnic group in South Africa and now have equal rights as citizens
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African National Congress In 1912, while ______________________ was still going on, blacks had founded the __________________________ (ANC) to fight for their rights. In 1949, _______________________ emerged as one of the leaders. He led a long struggle to end apartheid that resulted in his being imprisoned. In the 1980s, nations around the world including the US, pressured South Africa to end Apartheid.