Inflammation reaction of the body to something that has caused hard defense mechanism

Infection often involves inflammation, but not always

4 imp factors during inflammation:

1.Vasodilation (red area) inc. blood supply Letting more blood cells arrive to the area 2. Increased permeability more permeable to fluid oedema Pushing cells slightly apart to let other complement systems enter and be present if an infection has settled in Problem : extra space giving bacteria an opportunity to move Cells in periphery swell up, making it tighter, clotting closes the area, blocking bacteria from moving out 3. Clotting of fluid 4. Swelling of the cells

Starts with tissue injury mechanical, chemical, thermal (hot and cold) -some bacteria dont provide a large enough stimulus so inflammatory response is slow - a very strong inflammatory response might cause necrosis, blocking circulation, with tissues dying off Rubbing by irritating the dermatomic area nerves of skin pass through same root as injured muscle or bone, firing impulses of irritation blocking pain impulses Ice reduces swelling to reduce the process slightly, not totally Steroids stop inflammatory process and non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs acting against prostaglandins, ex. Aspirin

Histamine attracts groups of white cells including lymphocytes

Bradykynin vasodilator Prostaglandins induce the reactions vasodilations.. inc in permeability Compliment proteins form a cascade when activated these help fighting off infections and producing inflammation Clotting initiates complement cascade Lymphokines factors which induce mitotic division or cells, maturation of cells, and induce self healing

-Pain is not always present, depends on size of swelling

Pus Small amount dissipated in blood Large amount expelled to outside- small injury will lead to bursting Absess not expelled to outside deeper collection of blood no pain a low grade infection leading to a higher grade infection. Antibiotics cant reach the area. Need to be drained, not under local anaesthetic risk of spreading bacteria out. After removal of large absess, under general anaesthetic, by gauze, corrugated tubing, vacuum drain, and then antibiotics