CH 2 Objectives Application: A.

Draw a picture for the 65 bold terms on a separate sheet (Stick figures are ok but might need an explanation or captions). B. Explain each objective below by paraphrasing your book notes after you can answer the objective without looking at your notes. 1. Explain why psychologists are concerned with human biology, and describe the ill-fated phrenology theory.

Plato v Aristotle (view on the brain) Phrenology & Franz Gall Biological psychologists

2. Explain how viewing each person as a biopsychosocial system helps us understand human behavior, and discuss why researchers study other animals in search of clues to human neural processes.

3. Describe the parts of a neuron, & explain how its impulses are generated. Dendrites Axon Myelin Sheath Action Potential(Ion, Depolarize & refractory)

4. Describe how nerve cells communicate Synapse Neurotransmitters 5. Explain how neurotransmitters affect behavior, and outline the effects of acetylcholine & endorphins.

6. Explain how drugs and other chemicals affect neurotransmission, and describe the contrasting effects of agonists and antagonists.

7. Describe the nervous systems two major divisions, and identify the three types of neurons that transmit information through the system.

Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Nerves Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons Interneurons

8. Identify the subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system and describe their functions. Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic Nervous System

9. Contrast the simplicity of the reflex pathways with the complexity of neural networks.

10. Describe the nature and functions of the endocrine system and its interaction with the nervous system. Hormones Adrenal glands Pituitary glands

11. Describe several techniques for studying the brain. Electroencephalogram (EEG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Magnetic Resonance Imagining (MRI) Functional MRI (fMRI)

12. Describe the components of the brainstem, & summarize the functions of the brainstem, thalamus, & cerebellum Medulla Reticular Formation

13. Describe the structures and functions of the limbic system, and explain how one of these structures controls the pituitary gland. Amygdala Hypothalamus Reward Deficiency Syndrome

14. Define cerebral cortex, and explain its importance for the human brain.

15. Identify the four lobes of the cerebral cortex Glial cells Frontal lobes Parietal lobes Occipital lobes

Temporal lobes

16. Summarize some of the findings on the functions of the motor cortex and the sensory cortex, and discuss the importance of the association areas.

17. Describe the five brain areas that would be involved if you read this sentence aloud. Aphasia

Brocas Area

Wernickes Area

Angular Gyrus

Visual Cortex

18. Discuss the brains plasticity following injury or illness.

19. Describe split-brain research, and explain how it helps us understand the functions of our left and right hemispheres. Corpus callosum

20. Discuss the relationship among brain organization, handedness, and mortality.