Numeracy Stages 0 - Numeracy Stages 4 -

3 5 Numeracy Stages 5 -
Groupings Increasingly Abstract Models
for “thirtyfour” 8
Abstract Place Value development
• patterns to 5, including finger Ten ones can be:
patterns. 1. Grouped into ten ones
(unpackable group of ten)
• groupings within 5, 3 4
e.g., 2 and 3, 4 and 1;
Symbolic representation
• groupings with 5, 2. Traded as a pregrouped ten
(pregrouped ten marker)
34
e.g., 5 and 1, 5 and 2, ...;

• groupings within 10,

e.g., 5 and 5, 4 and 6, ... etc;
3. Traded as a different-looking ten Further development using place
• patterns to 10 (doubles and 5- marker value houses
based), including finger patterns (Different-looking ten marker)
ones
• the pattern of “-teens”;
10
10
10 6 3 4
• groupings with 10, 10
10
TEN
TEN
10
e.g., 10 and 2, 10 and 3, ... TEN
thousand ones
• skip counting in 2’s and 5’s
7 1 6 3 4
4. Traded for an identical marker that
represents ten by virtue of it’s
position ones

Levels of Abstraction Identified by tens ones 3 4 5 2

Baroody (1990)
Ada
pted from 2 5 4
“The Development of Place Value
Understanding”