:

[] [] ,
,

.
Bourdieu 1999

/GRAMMA

, Kaisa
Koskinen (7).
[Translating Institutions], Koskinen
:
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[]
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112

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(official and working languages)
Michele Gazzola Managing Multilingualism in the European
Union: Language Policy Evaluation for the European Parliament [
:
]:

. 1/58
( 1),
. ,

,

,

(Labrie, 1993: 82). (396)

113

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27 ,1
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.

23 ,
.
Barry Wilson The
Translation Service in the European Parliament [
]:
12 1995

()
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. Nyborg,
,

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). (2)

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1 27 : , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , , , .
2
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(.. ), (http://europa.eu/about-eu/institutions-bodies/european-parliament/ index_en.htm).
, , (
) (http://europa.eu/

114

, :
,
(
),3
.4 ,
(EuroplTV)
, ,

(http://www.europarltv.europa.eu/el/home.aspx)
(Webcast portal),

,
,
(http://webcast.
ec.europa.eu/eutv/ portal/about.html).
,
23 , ,
.


, , ,5 , ,
about-eu/institutions-bodies/european-commission/index_en.htm).

(http://europa.eu/
about-eu/institutions-bodies/court-justice/index_en.htm).
3
,
Christian Heynold [Interpreting at the European Commission].
4

,
(http://scic.ec.europa.eu/europa/jcms/j_8/), (http://www.facebook.com/
pages/Interpreting-for-Europe/173122606407) online intranet, SCICNet (http:// scic.
ec.europa.eu/scicnet/jcms/jop_5003/home).

(http://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_12357/; http://www.europarl.
europa.eu/parliament/expert/staticDisplay.do?id=54&pageRank=10&anguage=EN; http://
www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/public/staticDisplay.do?id=155&pageRank=4&
language=EN;http://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/public/staticDisplay.do?id=155&p
ageRank=4&language=EN;http://www.europarl.europa.eu/multilingualism/interpretation_
en.htm; .).
5

-

: H

115

, ,
,
, .

;:


. ,
.

.
,
(http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/scic/about-dg-interpretation/ index_
el.htm).

500 - , 300-400 (freelance)

, 2.700 , 10.00011.000 ,
2005
100.000.000 . (
)
20-40%
, 2004,
15-40 (http://scic.ec.europa.eu/
europa/jcms/c_ 6636/what-we-do).6 H
430
, 4.000
70 .
2003
57.000.000 .
: :
,
: ,

. []
,
(http://www.consilium.
europa.eu/contacts/languages-(1)/the-language-service-of-the-council-generalsecretariat.aspx?lang=el).
6
, (0,21 / /).

116

. []
:

2006

800 . . 2005
190 . .


.
673.000
2007 (165.000 ).
2005 ,
.

2.000 80 . (http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?language=en&type=IMPRESS&reference=20071017FCS11816)7

.
,


(29-10-2007). :
The EU is a community of 27 countries, whose unity and diversity
is expressed via 23 official languages, as well as plethora of other
national, regional and local languages. It is home to nearly 500 million people with diverse ethnic, linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
Multilingualism contributes to European values of democracy and
equality. The European Parliament is committed to debate and discussion in all EU languages. The reason for this and how it is
achieved is explained in this focus. Preserving this unique linguistic
diversity is a big challenge. As the EU has recently started operating
in 23 languages, it is worth looking at the meaning of multilingualism, its benefits and its costs. The EU is a multicultural, multilingual
democracy and it uses three alphabets: Latin, Greek and Cyrillic.

7

,
. .

: H

27 ,
23
, ,
.
- 500
, :
, .
!

117

, (
with diverse ethnic, linguistic and cultural backgrounds
The EU is a multicultural, multilingual democracy).
,
,

, , .
, :
To set the stage for the rest of our article here are a few statistics
about multilingualism and its costs:

For 2006 the cost of translation in all EU institutions is estimated

at 800 million, in 2005: the total cost of interpretation was almost 190 million.
Multilingualism expenditure represents over one third of the total
expenditure of Parliament.
The EP translated 673,000 pages during the first half of 2007
(165,000 of them externally).
Since 2005 the EP has translated over a million pages a year.
EU system on average requires over 2000 translators and 80 interpreters per day.

,
, .
: :,

. , ,

:
() 2005
1% ( 1,123 . ,
2,3 ).
, ,
,

118

,
.
21
; , 18
: , ,
( : le prix dun caf!), ,
, ( ,
), ( :
kiek kainuoja keli puodeliai kavos), , , ,
, , , , ,
, . ,
, ,
, .8
. , ,
.
, :
; ,

;

;
;
,
. ,
, ,

,
. Koskinen :
[]
.

, , .
,
[]
[]
,

,

: Gesamtkosten fr bersetzen und Dolmetschen in allen EU-Institutionen: 1 Prozent des Gesamthaushalts der EU im Jahr 2005 (ca. 1,123 Mrd. Euro, d.
h. weniger als 2,30 Euro jhrlich je Brger) : visu ES iestu trii
mutiskai un rakstiskai tulkoanai 2005. gad bija 1% no ES kopj budeta (apmram 1,123
miljardi eiro jeb mazk nek 2,3 eiro (1,61 lats) no katra ES pilsoa).
8

: H

(housekeeping), []. (63-64)

119

,
. ()

[Translation and
drafting resources]
(http://ec.europa.eu/translation/index_en.htm). ,
, Text production
[ ], The European Union on the Web [
], Computer Assisted Translation [
], Field offices for multilingualism [
] . , .

,
,

,
.9 417 ,
/ /.
, ,
,
,

.
,
, / /
/ :

: (
)
.
,


( ),

9
, 29 ,
610: .
. ,
,
( 105).

120

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(
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, (
)
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,

(, ,
). (84)

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[]
[]
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(. 73, 103, ). ,

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)
(
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,
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(localisation) .

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: H

121

.
,

, .10
,
Mrta Fischer Language (policy), translation and terminology in the European Union:
, , , logistics
(22).

H
.
:
2008:
[] i)
,


ii)

,
,
iii) ,


,
. (3)

, , Marco Benedetti
,
.
. , ,

10
:
AIIC ( ) (http://aiic.net/ViewPage.
cfm/article24.htm), (http://www.
tradulex.org/ Regles/ethICTFY.htm),
NCIHC (
) (http:// data.memberclicks.com/site/ncihc/ NCIHC%20National%
20Code%20of%20Ethics.pdf) .

122

,
Michele Gazzola:

.
:
, .
, ,
,
(394). Michele Gazzola ,
:
, , ,
,
,

(397-400). , :

(400).

Joshua Fishman []

. 15 17.000
, ,

(38). 506
(23 x 22 ), ,
. Christian Heynold
1994 Interpreting for the EU [ ]
: ,
15 . 210
72 45
15 (17). Ulrich
Ammon:

(

2001),
[predicament] (321)

(322). , ,
,
,
( , , ) ,

123

.
, , ,
, ,
,
23 .
,
Ammon, []

(323).
Michele Gazzola (2006)

:

( )

20

20

20
20
20
+
20
20
20
20

20
, ,

&

, ,
20
20

(accredited freelance interpreters). ,
( , )
.
.
,
,
(inter-institutional accreditation tests)
.

,
(
). ,

124

:
,



.
. ,
,

.11

,

( ),

,
Marco Benedetti.
, , ,
, .



(http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/scic/cooperation-with-universities/
training-grants/index_en.htm).


[], .. ,
(http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/scic/cooperation-with-universities/pedagogical-assistance/index_en.htm).
, ,
Alison Graves :
,
()


, []

11 , http://europa.eu/interpretation/ accreditation_
en.htmand http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/scic/become-an-interpreter/interpret-for-dg-interpretation
/index_en.htm.

: H

125

.
(

)
. ,
EMCI (European Masters in Conference Interpreting
), 1997


, (http://
www.emcinterpreting.org/ whatis.php).
[].


.

,12

.

, ,
,

, Benedetti.
,

,
,13

: ITAT, Karl-Franzens-Universitt,
, Artesis Hogeschool, , Charles University, ,
CBS, Copenhagen Business School, , Turku
University, , ESIT, Universit de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, ,
FTSK, Johannes Gutenberg Universitt, , Etvs Lornd University (Elte), , SSLMIT, Universit degli studi di Trieste, ,
University of Warsaw, , Faculdade de Letras da Universidade
de Lisboa, , Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea Babe-Bolyai,
-, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, ,
Universidad de la Laguna, , ; TI, Stockholms Universitet, , ETI, Universit de Genve, , Boazii University, , University of Westminster, ,
.
13
legal interpreting
.
12

126

,
. 2010/64/
20 2010



. Benedetti:

.
EULITA,
, 2009,



, Liese Katschinka,
EULITA, [Interpreting and Human Rights].
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Bourdieu, Pierre. . . . : . , 1999.

Directorate General for Interpretation. What We Do <http://scic.ec.europa.eu/europa/

jcms/c_6636/what-we-do> (last accessed August 2011).

Fischer, Mrta. Language (Policy), Translation and Terminology in the European Union.
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Heynold, Christian. Interpreting at the European Commission. Teaching Translation and

Interpreting 2. Ed. Cay Dollerup and Annette Lindegaard. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1994. 11-18.

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,
<http://ec.europa.eu/
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