/

2102

.

. :


.


.

. .


.
:

.

.

Abstract
Spinning, weaving and apparel industries stand as one of the vital industries in
the Egyptian economy whereby it contributes much to the structure of Egyptian exports.
The industry, for a whole century, had enjoyed a competitive advantage; nevertheless, it
is currently suffering degradation that eradicated global competitiveness of the Egyptian
spinning, weaving and apparel products. This situation is the outcome of several
reasons, among others: the Egyptian long staple cotton lost its competitiveness because
other types emerged worldwide with better quality and prices, the Egyptian Government
failed to pay enough attention to the spinning, weaving and apparel industries after it
had been one of the most important strategic industries, in addition to the failure of
supporting small producers who are eventually exposed to international competitiveness
and economic fluctuations.
Due to the relevant deterioration as explained above, it had been noted during
the past few years, the suffering of entrepreneurs operating in this industry not only in
terms of finding trained and skillful labor but also securing skilled and experienced
young labor. In this respect, a decline of Egyptian labor supply who are interested in the
industry had been monitored because of the Egyptian youth, specially technically
educated, shying away from working in the spinning, weaving and apparel industries.
Matter of fact, this is noteworthy especially as the Egyptian youth are suffering high
rates of unemployment. Therefore, it had been necessary to review the reasons driving
away youth from working in the spinning, weaving and apparel in Egypt as well as
measuring work characteristics. In order to achieve the desired objective of the study,
two approaches had been used: qualitative analysis through indentifying the opinions of
experts and specialists working in the spinning, weaving and apparel industries in
Egypt. For this purpose, a number of structured focus group discussions had been
conducted over several phases with different parties of the industrial and productive
process. The quantitative analysis had been also used through implementing a survey
targeting a number of facilities operating in the industry coupled with a representation
of the relevant sub activities and finally targeting a group of employees in such
enterprises.

01............................................................................................................
: 01....................................................................

1 .1 11 ..................................................................
2 .1 21 ...........................................................
3 .1 33 ............................................................................
4 .1 42 ................................................................
: 01.........................................................

1 .2 35 ..........................................................................................
2 .2 31 ...........................................................................................
: 91........................................................

1 .3 91 ...................................................................
2 .3 33 ....................................................
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4 .3 12 ...........................................................................
3 .3 19 ..............................................................
9 .3 114 .............................................................
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: 020 ....................

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2 .4 121 ....................................................................................
: 011 ................................

1 .3 139 ........................................................................
2 .3 141 .......................................

-
3 .3 143 .................................................
041 ...........................................................................................................

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( :)3 133 ................................
( :)4 133 .................................
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31
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43

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13

2
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14

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.
:
- 1 :

.
113 1111/1115 313
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- 2 :
- -
.

13

35
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.
- 3 :

.

. %35
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9
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913
131 .
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%3459

19

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.
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493 -
225323 .
143 2511 4499.

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13

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( )%1151
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- 8 :
%4253
.
%9951 .
%4153
.

19

.


.
.

11

0 .0

.
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1919

.

1111 .

.1135
1131
.

: / .
.

( )1132-1141
3 ( )2515
.

25

1133
.
.
-

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.

.
.
119 1193
%3553 . 159
%359 .
43
1134 .

. ( )1193 -1133 2443

495 .4



4 ( )1115
.

21

. 2554

3 9( 1113 ) .

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.
2 .0

.
.
.

.

.9

.

3 ( )2515 :
.
6

Hayashi, H. (2005), "Weaving a New World: Realizing Development Gains in a Post-ATC Trading
System", UNCTAD, New York and Geneva.

22

1 .2 .1

.
.
( )2559-2555 2551
( .)1
13959 2555 23354
2559 .%353
211 2551
%1953 .2559
31359
2551 2551-2559 .%1353
()0
()2111 -2111

Sources: World Trade Organization (2004), "International Trade Statistics 2004", World
Trade Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
World Trade Organization (2007), "International Trade Statistics 2007", World
Trade Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
World Trade Organization (2010), "International Trade Statistics 2010", World
Trade Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

23

(( )2551 2555 )2
.
%351 %253 2555 %253
%159 .2559
()2

()2111 -2111

Sources: World Trade Organization (2004), "International Trade Statistics 2004",

World Trade Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
World Trade Organization (2007), "International Trade Statistics 2007",
World Trade Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
World Trade Organization (2010), "International Trade Statistics 2010",
World Trade Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
International Monetary Fund, http://www.imf.org.

2 .2 .1
2551
111
32 9
.
199 112

24

3
( .)1
()0
2111

( )

111

199

32

112

13

15

Source: World Trade Organization (2010), "International Trade Statistics 2010", World Trade
Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

( )2

3159 2551 %2953
%3954 .1115
2551 15
952 .1115 344
1115 412 2555
913 .2551
( )2551 -1115 %253.

23

()2
()2111-0111

( )

1115

2555

2553

2559

2551

3211

19133

39523

93391

31921

9213

13441

13413

12239

1139

3531

15132

12429

12419

1131

9539

12315

15333

15331

1133

2195

3335

1912

15443

1153

1445

3932

9145

1319

3323

3153

9129

3343

4935

333

139

1543

1494

1394

334

412

329

944

913

112

134

413

439

313

253

123

329

335

353

154334

133455

241333

233331

211534

* .2551
Source: World Trade Organization (2010), "International Trade Statistics 2010", World Trade
Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

.
15353 2551 153
1115 %3351 ( .)3
2551 2259
.
( )2551-1115 .2559
154 2551 144 1115
%4354.

29

()1
()2111 -0111

( )

1115

2555

2553

2559

2551

1991

39531

113319

125311

153291

13459

24214

29393

23159

22929

3331

9333

13999

13315

11333

2335

3195

1132

11413

11434

2393

9921

4325

4441

4199

1129

2223

3331

3399

3125

322

2451

3313

3425

3531

149

115

2133

3399

2111

144

315

1335

393

1442

3931

3523

1114

1341

1319

335

121

133

333

414

159121

113335

343531

394114

313922

* .2551
Source: World Trade Organization (2010), "International Trade Statistics 2010", World Trade
Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

3 .2 .1
%95
%29 2551
( .)4 ( )3 2551
. 951
. 351
253 .2551

23

()4
()2111-0110

()%

0110

2111

3153

3952

)(Polyester

1351

2359

)(Acrylics

959

355

359

253

959

953

155

155

Source: Oerlikon (2010), "The fiber year 2009/2010, A World Survey on textile and Nonwovens
Industry", Oerlikon, Pfffikon, Switzerland.

()0
2111

( )

951

351

253

251

153

551

554

554

553

253

2253

Source: Oerlikon (2010), "The fiber year 2009/2010, A World Survey on textile and Nonwovens
Industry", Oerlikon, Pfffikon, Switzerland.

29

4 .2 .1


. ( )3
( )4 .
2553
151 2553 259

2 2551
.2553
( )%5513 .2551
()1

()2111-2111

Sources: European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2004), "Review of the year 2003",
Prepared for the General Assembly on June 25th 2004, European Apparel and
Textile, Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2005), "Activities of the year
2004", Prepared for the General Assembly on June 17th 2005, European
Apparel and Textile, Organisation, Brussels.

21

European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2006), "Activities of the year 2005",
Prepared for the General Assembly on June 9th 2006, European Apparel and
Textile, Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2007), "Activities of the year 2006",
Prepared for the General Assembly on June 1st 2007, European Apparel and
Textile, Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2007), "Activities of the year 2007",
European Apparel and Textile Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2008), "Activities of the year 2008",
European Apparel and Textile Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Confederation (2009), "Activities of the year
2009", European Apparel and Textile Confederation, Brussels.

)4(

Sources: European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2004), "Review of the year
2003", Prepared for the General Assembly on June 25th 2004, European
Apparel and Textile, Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2005), "Activities of the year
2004", Prepared for the General Assembly on June 17 th 2005, European
Apparel and Textile, Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2006), "Activities of the year
2005", Prepared for the General Assembly on June 9 th 2006, European
Apparel and Textile, Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2007), "Activities of the year
2006", Prepared for the General Assembly on June 1 st 2007, European
Apparel and Textile, Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2007), "Activities of the year
2007", European Apparel and Textile Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2008), "Activities of the year
2008", European Apparel and Textile Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Confederation (2009), "Activities of the year
2009", European Apparel and Textile Confederation, Brussels.
Eurostat, http //epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home.

35

(
)3 2555
152 2551
.

.

%9 2555 %359 ( 2559 .)9
()0

()2111-2111

Analysis,

Economic

of

Bureau

Commerce,

of

Source: U.S. Department

http://www.bea.gov.

31

()9

Analysis,

Economic

of

Bureau

Commerce,

of

Source: U.S. Department

http://www.bea.gov.

( )3
2353 2555
3354 2559 %453.

32

()7

()2111-2111

Analysis,

Economic

of

Bureau

Commerce,

of

Source: U.S. Department

http://www.bea.gov.

5 .2 .1
2553
351
2553 953
451 .2551
.
2553 2554
2551 12953 (
9.)1

33

)1(

)2111- 2111(

Sources: European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2004), "Review of the year 2003",
Prepared for the General Assembly on June 25th 2004, European Apparel and
Textile, Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2005), "Activities of the year 2004",
Prepared for the General Assembly on June 17th 2005, European Apparel and
Textile, Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2006), "Activities of the year 2005",
Prepared for the General Assembly on June 9th 2006, European Apparel and
Textile, Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2007), "Activities of the year 2006",
Prepared for the General Assembly on June 1st 2007, European Apparel and
Textile, Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2007), "Activities of the year 2007",
European Apparel and Textile Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2008), "Activities of the year 2008",
European Apparel and Textile Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Confederation (2009), "Activities of the year 2009",
European Apparel and Textile Confederation, Brussels.

34

)1(

)2111-2111(

Sources: European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2004), "Review of the year 2003",
Prepared for the General Assembly on June 25th 2004, European Apparel and
Textile Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2005), "Activities of the year 2004",
Prepared for the General Assembly on June 17th 2005, European Apparel and
Textile Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2006), "Activities of the year 2005",
Prepared for the General Assembly on June 9th 2006, European Apparel and
Textile Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2007), "Activities of the year 2006",
Prepared for the General Assembly on June 1st 2007, European Apparel and Textile
Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2007), "Activities of the year 2007",
European Apparel and Textile Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2008), "Activities of the year 2008",
European Apparel and Textile Organisation, Brussels.
European Apparel and Textile Confederation (2009), "Activities of the year 2009",
European Apparel and Textile Confederation, Brussels.

33

1 .0

1 .3 .1



. ( )15
.
113 1111/1115 313 2551/2559
.1111/1115

. 3
( .)11
()01

()2111/2111-0110/0111

Source: Central Bank of Egypt, http://www.cbe.org.eg.

39

()00
()2101/2111 2112/2110

Source: Central Bank of Egypt, http://www.cbe.org.eg.

( .)12
( .)13

3 .

33

()02
()2111/2111-0110/0111

Source: Central Bank of Egypt, http://www.cbe.org.eg.

()01
()2111/2111-0110/0111

Source: Central Bank of Egypt, http://www.cbe.org.eg.

39

( )14
235 1111/1115 155
.2559/2553 395
.2553/2559
()04
()2117/2119-0110/0111

Source: Central Bank of Egypt, http://www.cbe.org.eg.

2 .3 .1
/

. /
2553/2552 123
/ ( .)9
9153 2553/2559
/ .

31

:
.
.


.

.
9953 %1453( 2552
) 9359 %11( 2553
) ( .)3
()9
/
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( )

( )

2553 / 2552

12353

39451

3351

2554 / 2553

11151

33359

3353

2553 / 2554

11353

33359

3452

2559 / 2553

15453

31352

3355

2553 / 2559

9153

29352

2959

()%

Source: CAPMAS, http://www.capmas.gov.eg.

45

()7

()2117-2112

( )

( )

2552

9953

31359

1453

2553

1554

95454

1355

2554

9151

91953

1351

2553

3953

92959

1253

2559

9151

91353

1153

2553

9359

33953

1155

()%

Source: CAPMAS, http://www.capmas.gov.eg.

( 9 )1
/
. /
%9551 2553/2552
%3952 .2553/2559

. 2552
%94 2553
.%33

.

41

()1

/ ()2117/2119 -2111/2112

( )

( )

2553 / 2552

952

1359

9551

2554 / 2553

953

1355

3952

2553 / 2554

159

1359

3453

2559 / 2553

1559

1159

3453

2553 / 2559

1351

2354

3952

()%

Source: CAPMAS, http://www.capmas.gov.eg.

()1

()2117-2112

( )

( )

()%

2552

354

959

9451

2553

352

959

9251

2554

959

153

3153

2553

351

1552

3354

2559

154

1159

3151

2553

154

1253

3354

Source: CAPMAS, http://www.capmas.gov.eg.

42

4 .0

:
.
/
.
1 .4 .1


.
2515/2551
%9 %351 .

( .)13
()00
()2101/2111

Cooperation,

International

and

Planning

Source:
Ministry
of
http://www.mop.gov.eg.

43

2515/2551 5592
351 .
.%1351
%1154
.92515/2551
2 .4 .1

.

.
12553/2559
2559/2553 %2954 .15

( 11)2515-2553 .

( )19
2553
94154 %951 .
( )2553-2553
( .)13 2559
Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, http://www.mop.gov.eg.
Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, http://www.mop.gov.eg.

8
9

10 ( )2515 .
Ministry of Investment, http://www.investment.gov.eg.

11

44

151 2559 251

%351 .

2559
31959 .
()09

(-2110 )2101

Source: CAPMAS, http://www.capmas.gov.eg.

43

()07

(-2110 )2101

Source: CAPMAS, http://www.capmas.gov.eg.

()01

( -2110 )2101

Source: CAPMAS, http://www.capmas.gov.eg.

-
- ( )15
2559

49

13453 %23 .
%34 .2515

2559 %232 .
1152
2559 %1959 .
()01


( -2119 )2101

2119

2101

( )

2117

2111

2111

()%

13453

41159

453 -

23255

9951

1152

12353

3153

9453

2452-

2153

11252

3351

39159

1259

1954

111

11153

9459

9954

4351

1353

2153

9255

9252-

229592

313544

2553

21951

1555

343532

1431554

1151

19355

1155

Source: CAPMAS, http://www.capmas.gov.eg.

12 ( )2553 -2552
/
2559/2553 2553/2559 159
154 ( .)11
/ - 2553/2559
12 .

43

1152 -
.

( )2553-2552 .
2553 252
352( 2559 )

(
.)12
()00
/
()2117/2119-2111/2112

( )

2553 / 2552

152

1253

2554 / 2553

151

352

2553 / 2554

155

352

2559 / 2553

159

1459

2553 / 2559

154

1152

Source: CAPMAS, http://www.capmas.gov.eg.

49

()02

()2117-2112

( )

2552

253

2351

2553

353

2155

2554

259

3155

2553

259

4151

2559

352

4953

2553

252

3959
Source: CAPMAS, http://www.capmas.gov.eg.

4
( )355 -455 .

315 .2559
%35 %95
%15 .1

( )13 ( )2515/2551-2553/2554
11 2553/2554
Ministry of Investment, http://www.investment.gov.eg.

13

41

%951 .
2559/2553 135 %453
.
32 2515/2551
%5533 .
()01

()2101/2111-2110/2114

( )

()%

2553/2554

11

951

2559/2553

35

153

2553/2559

133

953

2559/2553

135

453

2551/2559

119

253

2515/2551

32

5533

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( )2010-2004 .
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Prepared for the General Assembly on June 17th 2005, European Apparel and
Textile Organisation, Brussels.

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3. European Apparel and Textile Organisation (2006), "Activities of the year 2005",
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European Apparel and Textile Organisation, Brussels.
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Post-ATC Trading System", UNCTAD, New York and Geneva.
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2. Central Bank of Egypt, http://www.cbe.org.eg.
3. Eurostat, http //epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home.
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7. Ministry of Investment, http://www.investment.gov.eg.
8. State Information Service, http://www.sis.gov.eg.
9. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, http://www.bea.gov.