Telemetering and signal conditioning

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TELEMETERING
THE METHOD OF PLACING THE INSTRUMENTS AT A DISTANCE FROM THE MEASURING POINT IS CALLED TELEMETERING. ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS ARE WIDELY USED, BECAUSE THEY ARE CONVENIENT TO INSTALL, RELIABLE AND REASONABLY ACCURATE. IT IS CHEAPER TO TRANSMIT AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL BY A CABLE THAN A PIPE LINE IN CASE OF PNUMATIC SYSTEM.

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PARAMETERS TO BE MEASURED
PRESSURE TEMPERATURE FLOW LEVEL

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 STEAM PRESSURE &TEMPERATURE HOT WELL LEVEL DRUM PRESSURE & LEVEL FEED WATER & MS FLOW AIR FLOW FLUE GAS TEMP FURNACE PRESSURE

MEASUREMENT OF PARAMETERS IN POWER PLANT

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TURBOVISORY MEASUREMENTS
DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSIONS ECCENTRICITY DIFFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE OF TURBINE CASING VIBRATIONS AXIAL SHIFTS

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INTERRELATION OF INSTRUMENTS
A LARGE NO. & VARIETY OF INSTRUMENTS ARE INSTALLED TO MEASURE AND INDICATE THE CAUSE & AMOUNT OF DISTURBANCE IN ENERGY FLOW BALANCE, SO THAT STEPS CAN BE TAKEN TO KEEP THE ENERGY FLOW IN BALANCE. INTERDEPENDENCE AND INTERRELATION OF INSTRUMENT READINGS PLAY VERY SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN THE STABILITY AND EFFICIENCY OF HEAT ENERGY BALANCE.

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INTERLOCKING SYSTEM
THE EQUIPMENTS ARE INTERDEPENDENT AND INTERRELATED WITH EACH OTHER AND THEREFORE THEY ARE TO OPERATE IN COORDINATION WITH EACH OTHER. SEQUENTIAL INTERLOCK: E.G. STARTING OF COAL FEEDER. STANDBY EQUIPMENT STARTUP: E.G. MDBFP

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ANNUNCIATORS
ANNUNCIATORS ARE USED TO DRAW THE ATTENTION OF OPERATION DESK ENGINEER WHEN ANY PROCESS PARAMETER IS DEVIATED FROM ITS NORMAL VALUE. ANNUNCIATORS ARE OF TWO TYPES: VISUAL ( IN MMI ) VISUAL+ AUDIO (IN UCP AND LOCAL CONTROL PANELS).

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AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM

SINCE LOT OF PROCESS ELEMENTS ARE INVOLVED AND DISTURBANCES ARE VERY FREQUENT, THE CORRECTION CAN BE CARRIED OUT EFFICIENTLY AND QUICKLY ONLY BY INTRODUCING AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ELIMINATION OF ANY POSSIBLE HUMAN ERROR. BENEFIT OF AUTOMATION IS OPTIMIZATION OF HOUSE LOAD CONSUMPTION DURING STARTUP & SHUTDOWN AND OPERATION OF PLANT BY: FASTER PLANT STARTUP THROUGH ELIMINATION OF CONTROL ERRORS. FASTER SEQUENCE OF CONTROL ACTIONS COMPARED TO MANUAL ONE.

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BOILER CONTROL
STEAM PRESSURE CONTROL CALLED BOILER MASTER. COMBUSTION CONTROL FURNACE DRAFT CONTROL DRUM LEVEL CONTROL ( BOILER FEED REGULATION) SH & RH CONTROL AUX STEAM CONTROL MILL GROUP CONTROL

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TURBINE CONTROL
HOT WELL & DEARATER LEVEL CONTROL CEP FLOW CONTROL DRIP LEVEL CONTROL BFP SPEED CONTROL

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PLC SYSTEM
P L C
COMM
SPARE
PLC RACK

DI

DO

AI

AO I/O RACK

PROGRAMER PC
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FIELD DEVICE

TRANSMITTER

INDICATOR

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REMOTE OPERATION OF EQUIPMENTS

POWER STATION COMPRISES MANY LT & HT EQUIPMENTS, IT BECOMES NECESSARY TO OPERATE THEM FROM A CENTRALIZED CONTROL ROOM. THE OPERATING ELECTRICAL SUPPLY POTENTIAL IS VERY HIGH (3.3KV,6.6 KV,11KV) FOR DRIVES SUCH AS ID,FD, PA FANS, AIR COMPRESSORS AND HIGH CAPACITY PUMPS, IT IS SAFE TO OPERATE THESE EQUIPMENTS FROM REMOTE PLACE.

A VERY LOW VOLTAGE SUCH AS 110VAC OR 24VDC IS USED AS COMMAND SIGNAL FOR OPERATING HT EQUIPMENTS.
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SCANNING SYSTEM
ALL THE PROCESS SIGNALS IN ANALOG FORM SCANNED IN A SEQUENCE ONE AT A TIME CONVERTED INTO DIGITAL FORM AND TRANSMITTED TO THE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR DISPLAY AND CONTROL PURPOSE. PROCESS SIGNALS & ANALOG VALUES ARE VERY IMPORTANT AND THERE MAY BE DANGER OF LOSS OF DATA OWING TO CONFUSION OF SIGNALS BY EXTRANEOUS ELECTRICAL NOISE.

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THANK YOU

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