‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻪ‬

‫‪ -I‬اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ )ﺗﺬآﻴﺮ و إﺿﺎﻓﺎت(‬

‫‪ -1‬أﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬
‫) ‪C ( −1; −3) ; B ( 3; 2 ) ; A (1; −2‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ﻡﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﻤﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬

‫‪−2AB + 3AC‬‬ ‫;‬ ‫‪3AC‬‬ ‫أﺡﺴﺐ ‪; AB‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ﻡﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﻤﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬

‫‪( ∆ ) : 2x − y − 3 = 0 ; ( D ) : x + 2 y − 4 = 0‬‬

‫أ‪ -‬ﺡﺪد إﺡﺪاﺛﻴﺘﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ ، A‬ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ) ‪ (D‬و )∆(‬

‫ب‪ -‬ﺗﺄآﺪ أن ) ‪ B ( −2;3) ∈ ( D‬و ) ∆ ( ∈ )‪C (1; −1‬‬

‫ﻗﺎرن ‪ AB 2 + AC 2‬و ‪BC 2‬‬

‫أﺡﺴﺐ ‪AB ⋅ AC‬‬

‫ﻡﺎذا ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫‪OB = v‬‬ ‫‪ A -3‬و ‪ B‬ﻧﻘﻄﺘﺎن ﻡﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎن ﻡﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ) ‪ α ، ( P‬ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰاویﺔ ‪  AOB ‬و ‪; OA = u‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ (a‬أﺡﺴﺐ ‪ u ⋅v‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﻴﻦ‬

‫‪π‬‬
‫=‪α‬‬ ‫;‬ ‫; ‪v =5‬‬ ‫‪u =6‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪5π‬‬
‫=‪α‬‬ ‫;‬ ‫; ‪v =5‬‬ ‫‪u = 3‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪ (b‬ﺡﺪد ‪ α‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫; ‪u ⋅v = 6 2‬‬ ‫; ‪v =4‬‬ ‫‪u =3‬‬

‫; ‪u ⋅v = −6‬‬ ‫; ‪v =4‬‬ ‫‪u =3‬‬

‫و ‪u ⋅ v = −2‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ u‬و ‪ v‬ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺘﻴﻦ ﺡﻴﺚ ‪v 2 = 5 ; u 2 = 3‬‬

‫و ‪ C‬ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﻂ ﻡﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺡﻴﺚ‬
‫أﺡﺴﺐ ) ‪( 3u − v ) ⋅ ( 2u + v‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻌﺎریﻒ‬
‫أ‪ -‬اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ (a‬ﺗﻌﺮیﻒ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ u‬و ‪ v‬ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺘﻴﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻡﻨﻌﺪﻡﺘﻴﻦ ‪ .‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ‪ A‬و ‪B‬‬

‫و ' ‪ C‬اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ﻟـ ‪ C‬ﻋﻠﻰ ) ‪( AB‬‬ ‫‪AC = v‬‬ ‫‪; AB = u‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺠﻬﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻌﺪﻡﺘﻴﻦ ‪ u‬و ‪ v‬هﻮ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ u ⋅v‬ﺏﺤﻴﺚ ' ‪u ⋅v = AB ⋅ AC = AB × AC‬‬

‫) (‬
‫‪ (b‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ u‬و ‪ v‬ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺘﻴﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻡﻨﻌﺪﻡﺘﻴﻦ و ‪ θ‬اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺰاویﺔ ‪ u ;v‬و ‪ O‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻡﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺝﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﺎن‬

‫‪OB = v‬‬ ‫وﺡﻴﺪﺗﺎن ﺡﻴﺚ ‪; OA = u‬‬

‫‪ AOB ‬‬ ‫ﺏﻤﺎ أن ‪ −π ≺ θ ≤ π‬ﻓﺎن ‪ θ‬هﻮ ﻗﻴﺎس ﻟﻠﺰاویﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺱﻴﺔ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫وﻡﻨﻪ ‪u ⋅v = OA × OB cos  AOB ‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪u ⋅v = u v cos θ‬‬

‫‪ u ⋅v = u v cos θ‬ﻷن ) ‪cos θ = cos(−θ‬‬ ‫إذن‬

‫‪ α‬ﻗﻴﺎس ﻟﻠﺰاویﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺝﻬﺔ ) ‪(u ;v‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ‬

‫‪ θ ≡ α‬و ﺏﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪cos θ = cos α‬‬ ‫وﻡﻨﻪ ] ‪[ 2π‬‬

‫إذن ‪u ⋅v = u v cos α‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮیﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺠﻬﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻌﺪﻡﺘﻴﻦ ‪ u‬و ‪ v‬هﻮ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ u ⋅v‬ﺏﺤﻴﺚ ‪u ⋅v = u v cos α‬‬

‫) (‬
‫‪ α‬ﻗﻴﺎس ﻟﻠﺰاویﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺝﻬﺔ ‪. u ;v‬‬

‫ﻡﻼﺡﻈﺔ‬
‫*‪ -‬إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ‪ u‬أو ‪ v‬ﻡﻨﻌﺪﻡﺔ ﻓﺎن ‪u ⋅v = 0‬‬
‫‪u ⋅v‬‬
‫= ‪cos α‬‬ ‫*‪ -‬إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ‪ u‬و ‪ v‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻡﻨﻌﺪﻡﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﺎن‬
‫‪u v‬‬

‫‪−89π‬‬
‫; ‪v =4‬‬ ‫‪u =3‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫أﺡﺪ ﻗﻴﺎﺱﺎت اﻟﺰاویﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺝﻬﺔ ‪ u ;v‬و‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮیﻦ أﺡﺴﺐ ‪ u ⋅v‬ﺡﻴﺚ‬

‫ب – ﺥﺎﺻﻴﺎت‬
‫ﻡﻬﻤﺎ آﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺎت ‪ u‬و ‪ v‬و ‪ w‬و اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪α‬‬
 ‫‪u ⋅v = v ⋅ u‬‬
‫‪(u + v ) ⋅w = u ⋅w + v ⋅w‬‬
‫‪w ⋅ (u + v ) = w ⋅ u + w ⋅v‬‬
‫) ‪(αu ) ⋅v = u ⋅ (αv ) = α (u ⋅v‬‬
‫ج‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫‪u ⊥ v ⇔ u ⋅v = 0‬‬

‫‪ -II‬ﺻﻴﻎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺥﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ) ‪ ( P‬ﻡﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ ﻡﻌﻠﻢ ﻡﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﻤﻨﻈﻢ ) ‪. (O ; i ; j‬‬

‫' ‪u ⋅v = xx '+ yy‬‬ ‫إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ‪ u = xi + yj‬و ‪ v = x ' i + y ' j‬ﻓﺎن‬

‫ﻡﻼﺡﻈﺔ إذا آﺎن ) ‪ u ( x ; y‬ﺏﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﺱﺎس ﻡﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﻤﻨﻈﻢ‬

‫‪u⋅j =y‬‬ ‫‪ i ; j‬ﻓﺎن ‪; u ⋅ i = x‬‬ ‫) (‬

‫أﻡﺜﻠﺔ أﺡﺴﺐ ‪ u ⋅v‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‪..................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬إﺡﺪاﺛﻴﺘﺎ ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻓﻲ أﺱﺎس ﻡﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﻤﻨﻈﻢ ﻡﺒﺎﺵﺮ‬

‫و ‪ α‬ﻗﻴﺎس ) ‪(i ;u‬‬ ‫ﺏﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ﻡﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﻤﻨﻈﻢ ﻡﺒﺎﺵﺮ ) ‪(o ; i ; j‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ) ‪u ( x ; y‬‬

‫‪y =u ⋅ j‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪیﻨﺎ ‪; x = u ⋅ i‬‬

‫‪π‬‬
‫‪y = u‬‬ ‫(‪j cos‬‬ ‫)‪−α‬‬ ‫‪x = u i cos α‬‬ ‫وﻡﻨﻪ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪y = u sin α‬‬ ‫‪x = u cos α‬‬ ‫إذن‬
 ‫ﺥﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬
‫إذا آﺎن ) ‪ (x ; y‬زوج إﺡﺪاﺛﻴﺘﻲ ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻡﻨﻌﺪﻡﺔ ‪ u‬ﺏﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﺱﺎس ﻡﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﻤﻨﻈﻢ ﻡﺒﺎﺵﺮ ) ‪ ( i ; j‬و ‪ α‬ﻗﻴﺎس‬

‫(‬
‫‪u = u cos α i + sin α j‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪ i ;u‬ﻓﺎن‬

‫ﺡﺎﻟﺔ ﺥﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫‪u = co s α i + sin α j‬‬ ‫إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ‪ u‬ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺔ واﺡﺪیﺔ ) أي ‪ ( u = 1‬ﻓﺎن‬

‫‪ -3‬اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺔ و ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ‬

‫‪ i ; j‬ﻓﺎن ‪u = x 2 + y 2‬‬‫ﻡﻤﻨﻈﻢ ) (‬ ‫* إذا آﺎن ) ‪ (x ; y‬زوج إﺡﺪاﺛﻴﺘﻲ ‪ u‬ﺏﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﺱﺎس ﻡﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ‬

‫* إذا آﺎن ) ‪ A ( x A , y A‬و ) ‪ B ( x B ; y B‬ﺏﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ﻡﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﻤﻨﻈﻢ ) ‪ (O ; i ; j‬ﻓﺎن‬

‫‪(x B‬‬ ‫) ‪− xA ) + (yB − yA‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫= ‪AB‬‬

‫‪ -4‬اﻟﺸﺮط اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺘﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺥﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ) ‪ ( P‬ﻡﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ ﻡﻌﻠﻢ ﻡﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﻤﻨﻈﻢ ) ‪. (O ; i ; j‬‬

‫‪ u‬و ‪ v‬ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺘﺎن ﺡﻴﺚ ‪ u = xi + yj‬و ‪v = x ' i + y ' j‬‬

‫‪u ⊥ v ⇔ xx '+ yy ' = 0‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮیﻦ‬
‫ﺡﺪد اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺎت اﻟﻮاﺡﺪیﺔ و اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪة ﻡﻊ ) ‪u ( −1; 2‬‬

‫‪u ⊥ v‬‬ ‫‪− x + 2 y = 0‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪⇔ 2‬‬ ‫‪..........‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪v‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮیﻦ ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ )‪A (1;3) B ( 3;1) C ( −3; −1‬‬

‫ﺏﻴﻦ أن ‪ ABC‬ﻗﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﺰاویﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪A‬‬

‫‪ -5‬ﺡﺴﺎب ‪ cos θ‬و ‪sin θ‬‬

‫* اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ) ‪ ( P‬ﻡﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ ﻡﻌﻠﻢ ﻡﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﻤﻨﻈﻢ ) ‪. (O ; i ; j‬‬

‫= ‪cos θ‬‬
‫‪u ⋅v‬‬
‫‪u v‬‬
‫=‬
‫' ‪xx '+ yy‬‬
‫‪x + y 2 x '2 + y '2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫) (‬
‫‪ u ;v‬ﻓﺎن‬ ‫إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ‪ u = xi + yj‬و ‪ v = x ' i + y ' j‬و ‪ θ‬ﻗﻴﺎس‬

‫‪π‬‬
‫‪u = w‬‬ ‫= ) ‪(u ;w‬‬ ‫* ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ ‪ w‬ﺏﺤﻴﺚ ] ‪[ 2π‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫) ‪(v ;w ) = (u ;w ) − (u ;v‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪیﻨﺎ ﺏﺎﺱﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺵﺎل‬
‫‪π‬‬
‫= ) ‪(v ;w‬‬ ‫‪−θ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪π‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن ‪cos  − θ  = sin θ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪v ⋅w‬‬
‫= ‪sin θ‬‬
‫‪w v‬‬

‫‪v ⋅w = xy '− yx ' = det (u ;v‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪیﻨﺎ )‬

‫‪det (u ;v‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪xy '− x ' y‬‬
‫= ‪sin θ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫إذن‬
‫‪u v‬‬ ‫‪x 2 + y 2 x '2 + y '2‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮیﻦ‬
‫و ) ‪ .v ( −1; 3‬ﺡﺪد ‪. θ‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪ u ;v‬ﺡﻴﺚ ‪u − 3; −3‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ‪ θ‬اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺰاویﺔ ) (‬
‫‪ -III‬ﻡﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻡﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻡﻌﺮف ﺏﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻡﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻡﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮیﻒ ) ‪ ( D‬ﻡﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‪ ،‬آﻞ ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻡﻨﻌﺪﻡﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮدیﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻡﻮﺝﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ) ‪ ( D‬ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻡﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ) ‪.( D‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺥﺎﺻﻴﺎت‬
‫∈ ‪ ( k‬ﻡﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪) ، kn‬‬ ‫* إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ‪ n‬ﻡﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ) ‪ ( D‬ﻓﺎن آﻞ ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺔ‬

‫* إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ‪ n‬و ' ‪ n‬ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺘﻴﻦ ﻡﻨﻈﻤﻴﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻡﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ) ‪ ( D‬ﻓﺎﻧﻬﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺎن ﻡﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﺘﻴﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫* اذا آﺎﻧﺖ ) ‪ u ( a;b‬ﻡﻮﺝﻬﺔ ل) ‪ ( D‬ﻓﺎن اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ ) ‪ n ( −b ; a‬ﻡﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻡﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻡﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻡﻌﺮف ﺏﻨﻘﻄﺔ وﻡﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻡﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫) ‪ n ( a;b‬ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻡﻨﻌﺪﻡﺔ و ) ‪ A ( x 0 ; y 0‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻡﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ M‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬

‫‪ AM ⇔ AM ⊥ n‬و ) ‪ u ( −b ; a‬ﻡﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﺘﺎن‬
 ‫⇔ ‪ M‬ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺎر ﻡﻦ ‪ A‬و اﻟﻤﻮﺝﻪ‬
‫ﺏﺎﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ ) ‪. u ( −b ; a‬‬

‫إذن ﻡﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ‪ M‬ﻡﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ‪ AM ⋅ n = 0‬هﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺎر ﻡﻦ ‪ A‬و اﻟﻤﻮﺝﻪ ب ) ‪u ( −b ; a‬‬

‫ﻡﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻪ ﺱﺘﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺵﻜﻞ ‪ax + by + c = 0‬‬

‫ﺥﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ) ‪ n ( a;b‬ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻡﻨﻌﺪﻡﺔ و ) ‪ A ( x 0 ; y 0‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻡﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‪.‬‬

‫ﻡﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ‪ M‬ﻡﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ‪ AM ⋅ n = 0‬هﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺎر ﻡﻦ ‪ A‬و اﻟﻤﻮﺝﻪ ب ) ‪u ( −b ; a‬‬

‫ﺥﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬
‫إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ) ‪ n ( a; b‬ﻡﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ) ‪ ( D‬ﻓﺎن ﻡﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) ‪ ( D‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺵﻜﻞ ‪ax + by + c = 0‬‬

‫إذا آﺎن ‪ ( D ) : ax + by + c = 0‬ﻓﺎن ) ‪ n ( a;b‬ﻡﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ) ‪( D‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮیﻦ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺡﺪد ﻡﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻡﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻡﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻡﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫‪( D1 ) 3x‬‬ ‫; ‪− 2y + 1 = 0‬‬ ‫‪(D2 ) : 2y‬‬ ‫‪−1 = 0‬‬
‫‪( D3 ) : x‬‬ ‫‪−3= 0‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺡﺪد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺎر ﻡﻦ )‪ A ( −1;3‬و )‪ n ( 4;3‬ﻡﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮیﻦ‬
‫و )‪ B ( 0;1‬و )‪ C ( −2;3‬و ) ‪u ( −2;5‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻡﺴﺘﻮى ﻡﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ ﻡﻌﻠﻢ ﻡﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﻤﻨﻈﻢ ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ )‪A ( 2;1‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺡﺪد ﻡﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ) ‪ ( D‬اﻟﻤﺎر ﻡﻦ ‪ A‬و ‪ u‬ﻡﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫‪ -2‬أ( ﺡﺪد ﻡﻌﺎدﻟﺔ دیﻜﺎرﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻮاﺱﻂ ] ‪[ A ; B‬‬

‫ب( ﺡﺪد ‪ Ω‬ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ واﺱﻄﺎت اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪ABC‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺡﺪد ﻡﻌﺎدﻟﺔ دیﻜﺎرﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻼرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻤﺎر ﻡﻦ ‪A‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺵﺮط ﺗﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺥﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻡﺴﺘﻮى ﻡﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ ﻡﻌﻠﻢ م‪.‬م ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫) ‪(a;b ) ≠ ( 0;0‬‬ ‫;‬ ‫‪ ( D ) : ax‬ﺡﻴﺚ ) ‪(a ';b ') ≠ ( 0;0‬‬ ‫‪+ by + c = 0‬‬ ‫‪( D ') : a ' x + b ' y + c ' = 0‬‬
‫‪( D ) ⊥ ( D ') ⇔ aa '+ bb ' = 0‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫‪(D ) : y‬‬ ‫‪= mx + p‬‬ ‫‪( D ') : y‬‬ ‫' ‪= m 'x + p‬‬

‫‪( D ) ⊥ ( D ') ⇔ mm ' = −1‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﻡﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻡﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎط‬

‫(‬
‫‪ ( D ) . O ; i ; j‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻢ اﻟﻤﺎر ﻡﻦ ) ‪ B ( x B ; y B‬و ) ‪n ( a; b‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ) ‪ ( P‬ﻡﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ ﻡﻌﻠﻢ ﻡﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﻤﻨﻈﻢ )‬
‫ﻡﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ) ‪ A ( x 0 ; y 0‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻡﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ H ،‬اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ A‬ﻋﻠﻰ ) ‪. ( D‬‬

‫أ‪ -‬أﺡﺴﺐ ‪ n ⋅ BA‬ﺏﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪ HA‬و ‪n‬‬

‫‪n ⋅ BA‬‬
‫= ‪HA‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬أﺛﺒﺖ أن‬
‫‪n‬‬

‫‪ ( D ) : ax‬ﺡﻴﺚ ) ‪(a;b ) ≠ ( 0;0‬‬ ‫د‪ -‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ‪+ by + c = 0‬‬

‫‪ax 0 + by 0 + c‬‬
‫= ‪HA‬‬ ‫ﺏﻴﻦ أن‬
‫‪a2 + b 2‬‬

‫ﺥﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ) ‪ ( P‬ﻡﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ ﻡﻌﻠﻢ ﻡﺘﻌﺎﻡﺪ ﻡﻤﻨﻈﻢ ) ‪(O ; i ; j‬‬

‫) ‪ A ( x 0 ; y 0‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻡﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ‪ ( D ) : ax + by + c = 0‬ﺡﻴﺚ ) ‪ ( a;b ) ≠ ( 0;0‬و‬

‫‪ax 0 + by 0 + c‬‬
‫= )) ‪d ( A ; ( D‬‬ ‫ﻡﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ A‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ) ‪ ( D‬هﻲ‬
‫‪a2 + b 2‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮیﻦ‬
‫; )‪A ( −2;3‬‬ ‫‪( D ) : 3x‬‬ ‫‪− 4y + 1 = 0‬‬

‫ﺡﺪد ) ) ‪d ( A ; ( D‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮیﻦ‬
‫أﺡﺴﺐ اﺡﺪاﺛﻴﺜﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ H‬اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ) ‪A ( −3;5‬‬

‫‪(D ) : x‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪− 2 y + 8 = 0‬‬