i 2 Apsoumnen Foun PeZASS Sp me THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE OCTOBER, 1929 ¢ CONTENTS TWENTY-FOUR PAGES OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN FULL COLOR Manchuria, Promised Land of Asia ‘With 59 Tltustrations PREDERICK SIMPICH The Oriental Pageantry of Northern India 30 Nartural-Color Photographs FRANKLIN PRICE KNOTT Houseboat Days in the Vale of Kashmir With 22 Mlustrations FLORENCE H. MORDEN Two Fighting Tribes of the Sudan ‘With 28 Itustrations MERIAN C. COOPER and ERNEST B, SCHOEDSACK Summer Holidays on the Bosporus With 14 Mlustrations MAYNARD OWEN WILLIAMS Beside the Bosporus, Divider of Continents U1 Natural-Color Photographs PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETYPostal Telegraph fe] | THE GREATEST | FLIGHTS ARE MADE WITH LONGINES WATCHES EXCLUSIVELY WESTERN UNION CABLEGRAMVou. LVI, No. + WASHINGTON Ocroner, 1929 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE MANCHURIA, PROMISED LAND OF ASIA Invaded by Railways and Millions of Settlers, This Vast Region Now Recalls Early Boom Days in the American West By Farrow Avrmon oF MANCHURIA, as in ype aul before Coluntins was born, rode a Mongol horde to conquer Asia and harass Europe. From here, scaling the Great Wall which timid Chinese had’ taised against them, came giant Manchus to oust the Mings and founda new dynasty at Peking, Crossing the sea in clumsy jumies 1,200 years ago, the same bold Manchus took tiger and leopard skins, ermine, and wild ginseng to trade with Japan for silks and Urocades, Later, when the near-world em- pire of Kublai Khan rolled from the Yalu to the Damibe. a Mongol feet of a thou. sand ships sailed against the shoguns, only to be smashed by “God's Wind" on the coast of Kynshin! Here, through turbulent years, three an- cient empires met—the Hear, the Dragon, and the Rising Sun. Their struggles shook the earth, Korea succumbed, absorbed by the Rising Sum; the Dragon mothered Manchuria. War mangled the Bear, and to the north rose an evanescent Far East- ern. Republic ‘Only. stupendot social changes in men’s thought, life, and work, can this twist a map and move its Vasc, le tue Mettbvad Conder SiMPICH ie Scan frontiers, ILwas so here. As border lines bent and broke, railways ran through ; new towns were spawned in new-made steeais of trade and new people ame —tidal, sweeping seas of people, a mighty migra. tion, far greater than when Israel quit Egypt, a migration perhaps withont paral Jelin recorded history, Small wonder that the world watehes this far nouk of Asia to see what mmiy happen next! RAILROATS AND IMMIGRANTS nn THOSTZe MANCHUREA Yor in all its repertoire of high adven- ture—political, martial, and cconomic— two events loom largest in the stirring story of Manchtiria, “They sway not only the destiny of ancient Manchuria itvell, but they affect the formes and the fttrre f Japan, China, and Russia. ‘These events are the coming of the Russian-built ra ways and the immigration of millions Chinese farmers. In the Inst three decad these forces, railways anid immigrants. have jumped Manchuria ahead by 1,000 fords, bandits, and nomad herdsmen. to a land ‘of huge trade and agric many aspects strangely like parts of the American Westy