Selecting the Data Collection Method

Observation
Watching

Listening Touching
Smelling Reading

Observation Classification
Behavioral Observation

Nonverbal analysis
Linguistic analysis Extra linguistic analysis
Vocal Temporal Interaction Verbal stylistic

Record analysis

Non behavioral Observation

Physical condition analysis Process/Activity analysis

Spatial analysis

Evaluation of Observation
Advantages
Observation is useful it is difficult to gather information through communication Original data can be collected at the time they occur We need not depend on reports by others Respondents filter information, they may not answer fully in communication approach, observation overcomes this deficiency The event occurs in its natural environment Observation is less demanding from the participants

when

Evaluation of Observation
Disadvantages

The observer should be present at the scene of the event when it takes place, but it is impossible to predict where and when the event will occur It is slow and expensive process as it requires human observers or costly surveillance equipment

Observer-Participant Relationship

Direct or indirect observation Presence is known or unknown Observer involved or not involved in events
(participant observation)

Observation Checklist

It is analogous to a questionnaire It should posses a high degree of precision in defining relevant behavior or acts

Desired Characteristics for Observers

Concentration Detail-oriented

Unobtrusive
Experience level

Data Collection
Who?
Where?

Task Details
How?

What? (event or time)

When?

THANK YOU