, ,

R C ,
R L .

RC
)

C

R.
,
.

,

.

,

. .
,
,
R , .O .
:
(t = 0)

R.
,
.
.

'
.
2 Kirchhoff


V C = E (1-e -t/RC )
t = 0, Vc = 0, t ,
Vc = E. ,
, , .
, t = RC :
VC = E (1 e-1) = 0,632 E
,
63,2% = RC,
.

 Vc , t = 2, 3, 4, 5,
6
(1).
t

Vc

0,632 0,865 0,950 0,982 0,993 0,997

:
= (E/R) e-t/RC = Io e-t/RC = E/R t = 0.
( 2). t, = 0
. , 5,
.
5.
) .
C
.
t = 0
. ,
,


.

.

.

,
,
.


R.
Kirchhoff
Q
t :
Q = Q e- t/RC
Qo t = 0.
Qo = C E Q = C Vc Vc
:
Vc = E e- t/RC

I = I e- t/RC
, = RC
.
Vc t= = RC
Vc = E e-1 = 0,368E

36,8% .
Vc t = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
.
t
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Vc

0.368

0,135

0.050

0,012

0.007

0,003

t , Vc = 0. (1)
Vc , (2)
.

(t)
t = RC = e-1
=0,368 t, = 0.

.
,
5,
.


5.

 RL
)
, R,
L ,
.

L .
,

. ,
. E = R I Io=E/R.

, :
, .
(=-0)
:
=-L (/t)

. ' ,
.
L ,
L.
R .
R , ( = /R ) ,

, .
, R ,
,
.
2 Kirchhoff

:
I= E/R (1-e-Rt/L) = (1-e-Rt/L)
t = 0 I = 0, t ,
I = Io = E/R. H ,
, .
t=L/R :

I= E/R (1-e-1) = 0,632 E/R = 0,632 I

To L/R RC,
.
63,2%
.

.
RL
Io = E/R. t=0

, .
, .
: ,

.
,
, , , .

, R
.

 2 Kirchhoff
:
= e- (R/L) t , (Io = E/R)

t=0, = t , I = 0,
. (5.49) t = L/R
: I=Io e-1= 0,368 .
36,8%

V
t ( ), Vo
, t .



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hm

=>

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I

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.

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R,


I = I /2 V = V /2
Ohm
:
R= V / I

,
.
, ,
,
:
Z = V / I Z = V / I Ohm

y,
.
t = 0 xx',
t = t.
yy'
= OA t


.

,
..

,
. ,

V= V t.
, y V
V
yy'.

Z=R

V=V t
,
( => R = 0 ).

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,

/2.
:

ZL .
:

Ic



/2. :

 V ,
C .
, Zc, :

Zc .

RC

R C, :

RL
RL

( RL 0)

L RL

R1 . R

RL
R
R1 , R = RL + R1 .

R
L.

R L.



.
,
(RLC)
RLC

:
) ,
,

VR, VL Vc .
) VR
, VL /2 Vc
/2
)

x, VR
.

VR, VL, VCo Vo

.
, :

 RLC
H o RLC :

, , (1):
:

(7.40)

R
, , .
RLC (1)
,
.
.

,
, :