How Nuclear Bomb Works

/.

2008-1-1

http://www.howstuffworks.com/

http://science.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-bomb.htm

/.

19

12

10

2438

11

2008-1-1

/.

Fail Safe, Dr. Strangelove, The Day After, Testament,

Fat Man and Little Boy, The Peacemaker,

.
.

1953
/.

( )1 nuclear fission

235 .239
( )2 nuclear fusion

) .
.

/.

4
/.

. :

.1 .
.2
.3 .

:
:

( )1

Gun-triggered .1945
Implosion-triggered
.1945

( )2

Teller-Ulam design Elugelap

.1952

/.

 235
uranium-235 .

.
.

( )1
235 )2(
.

( )1 235 3

235

.supercriticality
( )2
1*10E-12 .

( )3
( ) .235

/.

.E=mc^2

235 enriched

%90

235

critical mass

critical mass .
.
.

:
( )1

supercritical mass

( )2
.

/.

supercritical mass

( )3
( )235 .

:
(Gun-triggered )1
(Implosion )2

polonium beryllium

. :

( )1
.

( )2 9 8 .
( )3 .

( )235 .tamper

tamper
.

tamper

/.

( )1 Gun-triggered Fission Bomb

235 235

235

235

.
:

( )1

( ).

( )2 .
( )3 .
( )4 .

/.

10

 Little Boy 14.5

TNT 14,500.

( )2 Implosion-Triggered Fission Bomb

Manhattan Project

235 239

.
:
( )1 .shock wave

( )2 ( ).
( )3 .
( )4 .

/.

11

 Fat Man 23

( )3 Modern Implosion-Triggered Design

( )1 .shock wave
( )2 .
( )3 .
( )4 .
( )5 .

/.

12

 Fat Man Little Boy

fusion bombs

Fusion Bombs

little boy 1.5%

Fat Man

4.5%
thermonuclear bomb

.
:

/.

13

( )1 (
).

( )2
.

( )3
.

+ 6 <---------- + 4

+ 7 <--------- + + 4
.

/.

14

 Teller-Ulam

tamper 238 tamper

239

. 238
.

( : )
( )1

Teller-Ulam .

Teller-Ulam

/.

15

( )2
.

( )3

tamper

tamper .

( )4 .

wave .

shock

. .

( )5

tamper .

238

( )6 .
.

600*10E-9 ( 550*10E-9 50*10E-9

.)

700

. 10,000.

/.

16

hypocenter .ground zero

( )1 .
( )2 .
( )3 .
( )4 .

300 .

. .

/.

17

nuclear winter

.
.

. .

/.

18

:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_design#Implosion_method
http://www.atomicarchive.com/index.shtml
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/sfeature/blastmap.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNcQX033V_M
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVkRwIxoeFY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ya9-cpas5eA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YF7EhwcwEj8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1sS1TmXF38

19

/.