Original Title:

Math Connects 2009

COURSE 3 (GRADE 8)
By:
Roger Day, Ph. D.
Patricia Frey, Ed. D.
Arthur C. Howard
Deborah A. Hutchens, Ed. D.
Beatrice Luchin
Kay McClain, Ed. D.
Rhonda J. Molix-Bailey
Jack M. Ott, Ph. D.
Ronald Pelfrey, Ed. D.
Jack Price, Ed. D.
Kathleen Vielhaber
Teri Willard, Ed. D.
Dinah Zike

CONSULTANTS

Mathematical Content
Prof. Viken Hovsepian
Prof. Grant A. Fraser
Prof. Arthur K. Wayman
Gifted and Talented
Ed Zaccaro
Graphing Calculator
Ruth M. Casey
Learning Disabilities
Kate Garnett, Ph. D.
Mathematical Fluency
Jason Mutford
Pre-AP
Dixie Ross
Reading and Vocabulary
Douglas Fisher, Ph. D.
Lynn T. Havens

www.macmillanmh.com

English Edition Copyright 2009 the McGrawHill CompaniesInc

All rights reserved
Arabic Edition is published by Obeikan under agreement with
The McGrawHill CompaniesInc 2008

www.obeikaneducation.com

www.sscbrisbane.com

$%&

  
      

'( #
 ) #

  
 !"

*+ ,- .#

  
 #

2012

.......................................................

............................

....

....

..................................................

.........................

..........................

.............................

.......

.............

.......................................................

............................

....................

....

.........................................

.....................

..................................................
..
................................................

..............................................

..................................
...........................................

...............................................

..............

........................

..................................
..............................................

...................................................

...................

.......................................................

.........................................

...............................

..................................

.........

................................

..............................................

......................................

.......................................................

.......................................................

............................

.............................................

.........

............................

......................................

.................................
...................................

.........

..................................................

..................

......................................

.....

........................

...........................

....................

..............................................

........

..............................................

)(

)(
.

.
) A3 ( :


www.obeikaneducation.com

=

=
=

.
.
.

+ + :
= = =
= = =

= = =

= = =

)(

+ + : =
= =.
+ +

= ()() + ()()+ ()()

= + +
=

= = = .
.

.
.

) : (

)(
.

.
.

)( .

_ .

.
) (
.

.

. :
. .
....

. =
) (

= .

)(
)(
)(.

= = .

.
=
=
=

.
.
.

:
9
][
28.27433388
.
=

.
.
.

.
(

.
.
=

= ) (

= ) (

= =

)(.

.
=

.
=
.
=
.

). = (
= )(
)( .
=
.

.

:
( .
( .

=
=

.
.

.
.

( .

-
-
-

.

:

(
)

-

.

.
.

) (

) (- .
.

) (.
:

)(

) (- .

.

.
:

.

.


.

.
.



.

.
-

 .

.

 .

.

:
( 

(

(

( 

( 

.
.

(

(

.

 :

:

C07-04A_NA_874050.ai

C07-04A_NA_874050.ai
C07-04A_NA_874050.ai

.
.

 " "
:-

.
):(

.
.
.

= )+(

.
= = .
.

= (+) = =

=
.
=

= + .
. .

.
.
.

.


).(

.

.

.

. :

=
=
= )+(
=

.
.

=

.
= +
:
(

-
.

= )+(

= (+)

=
=
= + .

(
.

.

.

= =

= ) (

= =

=
.
=

= = -.

(
.

.

.
.

.


.

:

: .

.:

.



.

: .

.
.

.

( .

.

.

.
.

. .

.
.

C07-127C-829635

C07-129C-829635 C07-128C-829635

C07-130C-829635

.
.

(

.

:
.

.
.

C07-134C-829635

C07-135C-829635
.

C07-136C-829635

-
-
-

:
.
.

C07-137C-829635-A
C07-142C-829635-A

C07-139C-829635-A
C07-138C-829635-A

.

.

.
:

)(

.
:

)( :)(
)( )(.
)( )(
)( .
.
) ( ).(

)(
)(
)(.

.
.
=
)( = .
= ) (
= = = .
= ) (
.
=
.

.
.
=
= ) ( = .
=.
= ) (
.
=

.
(

:

(

.

= .

)(
)( )(.

.

.
.
=
.
= )(

:
( .
( .

. .

=
= ) = (

=
= ) = (

= = - .

(
. .

: .

: .
: .

: .



.
.

.


.
) : =
= (

) (-
.

.

.

)(
)( )(.

.
=

= ( )

= .

=
.

( .

.


.
.
=

=
=
.

= =.

.
.

.

.

)(

)( )(.
= =


.
=

= = .
) =(.

:

(

)(

:
.
:

: .

.
:

.
.

. .

.

.

.
.

.
.

.
.
.
.

) ( .

)(

)( )(.

)(

.

= + = +

. .

=
= +
= =
= = () + ()
.

= +
=
= = +
= =
.

.
.

=) = + (++.

:
.
.

.
.

=
= ++

= = ()
=
.
.
= +
= = = .
= +
.
=

.
.
:
(


.
.

) = (

)(

)( )(

)(

)(.

= =

)(

.

= + = +

= +
=

= + )(
=

.

.
=

= .

=
= = .
=
.

. .
.

:
(
(

.
.

" :
".

: .

. .
.



.

: )( )(
.
)( = .
)( =
)( = .

)(.
.

)(.

.
)(

dimar
yP ralug
eR f
o teN
dimaryP
raluge
R fo l
edoM
xetrev
ecaf laretal

ecaf laretal
thgieh tnals

esab

esab

fo s htgnel edis
nogylop raluger

 thgieh tnals

A-536928-C462-70C

.
) (





.
.

.
.

.
= ) (
= ) (

.
.

=

.
)( = .

)(
)(
)(.


)(

)( )(.

= + = +

.
=

= +

= +

=
=
.

(
.

.
=

= = = .

.
.

( .


. .

-
-

-
.

)(.

)(.

:

.

.
.

C07-139A-874050.ai

(
(
(
(

:

.
.

)(
.
.

.
(

.

.

.
.

. ) A3 ( :

.


www.obeikaneducation.com

:
->
<
<-
-> -

- - .

.
:

. -
.
.

- = +

= +

-
+ - =

- =

- =

- =

= -

- = -

<- : :

- .>- .

. -

.

: . - = +

= -

:
.
=
.
+ = +
.
=

).(+

1
1

1
1

1
1

)( ).(+
+ .
).(-

 : ) (- .-
(+)
:

() + () = ( + )
= = +
).(+

.
) ) = ( +( () +
.
= +
) (+ +
.
.
.

:
) ( +
) ( +
) = ( + +
) ) = ( +( () +
= +.
.
= +

( )(+

( )(+

( )-(+

:
) ( -
- .(-) +
) ] = ( - [(-) +
.
= )( (-) +
.
= (-) +

.
= -
)- ( -
) ] -= ( - [(-) += )-( (-)(-) +
= - +
( ) (

- .(-) +

( )- (

( ) (-)(

- + +

- -
.

.
-

. .
. .

:
+ .
.
+ = -) +( + (-) +
= -) +( + (-) + )=(.
:- - : -
- :
- :

:
( - +
( - +

: +.

.
.
+ = +
.
= )( + =
: +

- - .
.
- = + -) + (-) +( +
.
= -) +( + (-) +
.
= ][(-) + + (-) +
.
= +

= = .
==+
:
( - +
( -

( - + -

. .

.

+ = )( +
.
=

(
.

:
) ( +
) ( +
) ( +

+ -
+
- +

. .

) (

-
-
-
-

) (

) - (

- +

) ( +

)- ( +

+ +

) ( +
)-- ( +
) ( +

) (-) ( +

) (

) (

) (

) ( -

) (-) ( +

) (

) ( ) (-

+ ) (

+ +

- +

+ +

+ - -

+ -

- +

+ +

+ +

- + -

- - - +

):(-

.
:

) ( +
) ( +

-)- (

) -(

) -( ) (-
) (

) (
-)

) +(

: -
.

.
.
+

) (

+ -

: + . -


= .

): )+( - ) = ((

.

.
.

: = +

.
= +
) ( ) ( .
.

: . = +

.
x
x
x

= +
-=
=

.
.

=
=

.
.

 = : .

=
+
= +

=

=
=

+ = + -

.
:
( = - +
( + = -
( = +
.

- : =
- =

-) + .( =
-) + - ( =

.
.

= = .
= -

.-

- =

(-)
+

).(-

:
( - =

( - = - +

(
- = - -

: + = - .
- + =

- + =

) = (.

- = -

- : + = -.

+ = + - = = = -

.-

- + = -
(-) + (-) - (-) +

.
=- .-.

.
).(-
.
.

:
( + =
( = + ( - = - +

:
= - -
= +

= -

- = -

= +

= - -

.

= .

:
=
- + =

- = +

-
-
-

= +
= +

- = -

= --

- = +

= -

+ =

- = -

.
=+ .
:

+ =
=

) = ( +

= -- -

) = (

. .

: = +

.
.

= -

= +
.
.

) : ) . = ( + : (.

= () +

= () +

= () +

.
= () +

.
.

.
))(

.
.

.
+ =

.
.
.

- =
= +
= -

( .
( .
(
.

+ = .

+ =
+ - =
=
=

=
.

.
+. = +

+ = +
= +
- = - +
=
=

=
.

(
.


(

. .

-
. .

.


.

-
-

.
.
.
.

- .

.
.

. .

)(

: + +

:
.

.

= -
= +

:
.
.

.
.

: = + . +

x

) (

.

= + = + () : .
:
( = + +( = + +
( =
( + =

( =
( = -

 : = - . +

) ( .
) (- .


) (-
)(.

= - + ( - ) = : .
:
( = + -
( = + -
( = +
( = +
( = +
( = +

)( .

= + - ) (
)(
. ) (
.
)(

)-( :
- = + .

.


.

.
.

.
+ : = .

.

+ = .
.
+ =
.
+ =
.
=

.
.
+ =
() + = ()
=

.
.
.

 : = - .
= - -
- = - -
- = -
+ - = + -
= -
= -

.
.
.

.
.
.

( = +

( = +

( + = -

+ = +

+ = +
+ - = + - .
+ =
.
+ - = -
=

.
=
=
() + = () +
=
.

(

.

:
= +
= +
= +
= - +

.

.
.

-
-
-

= -
-- + = -

:
= +
= +

= -

- = -

-- = +

= + -

= +

- =

.

.

- = .

" "

 :



: .

)(
)(

.
.

:




:

_
_
_
_
_
- ... - - - -
_
_.
- -

. .
.

: ) < (
.
)>( .
> <

:

.

= .
>

.
= .
<

( .
( .
< > = .

:

.
= .

.
= .

( .

.
(

>

<

< +=
.
< +
.
+

<
.

- = -
.

(-) ).(-
.

> =
.

( > = ( - = ( < - -=


.

:

>


.
.

:
(
( >
( <

( -

:
/.

> = =
+ =

:



<

-
-
-

>

:
< =

-- > =
+ > =

< = - =
=

>
<

: = .

+ +

> >

.
)(

)( ) (
.
) ( )(

.
.
.
.

) ( .

< + < + - < -

> + > + - >

>
- <
->-
+ -< +
> <
.

.
> -
+
.
+ .
> -
- - + . + >+ - .
.
.
>

: .-
: > .

.

- .

( +

( < +

( >

) (
.

< :

_
< < <
_

_
> > >

>

() > ()
>

- <

- <

- <

:
< -

< - .
.

. )( () .
<
.
< -
.

: < . -
.

( - >

>

- - - < -


.
:

) (
.

> :

< >
>

> < <

>

<

()- > ()-

- > -

< -

- <

- < -

) ()- ( )(- .

- > (

( -

- < -

- > -

) (-
.

<

( - -

< +

<

> -

<

+
>
- -

> -

- > -

-
-
-

- +
+ -
+
-

- < -
-

-

>

> -

< -

->
<
-

< < -- > -

- .

- .

.
.

.

.

- =

= +

< +

< +

>

.

:>.

:
) (

) ( +

- +
+

:
= +
= -
= - + + =

= +
- = - +

+



(
(
(
(

= + +

-- = +

<

- < +

.

.

= .

: .
) A4 ( :

.
.


www.obeikaneducation.com

:
)(-
)(- -
)-
)( -
))(-

) ( - ) (- )( -
.

= :

+

.

.

.

- = .

- ()= -
= -
=

.
.
.

= +

-
= - -

= -

+ =

+ : = .
.
+ =
.
- = = -

- :.
= -
.

.
.
. = :

C11-002C-829635
C11-003C-829635
C11-004C-829635

be
be
be

. :
. :
.
....
+

.... - : .
:
-
-

- -

- -

- = - - = -.

-
.- .
- - - -

.- - - :

.
.
( ... - - - -
( ...

:

... .
+
+
+
"".

) (
.
+
+
+

:
. = () = () = () :

:

( ...- - - -( ...

( ...

+
+
.

.
+
+

. +

. .

=.

.
= +
.
= + ()

.
= = +

.

.
( ... = ( ... - - - - =

( +

( +

)(
.
.
. ()

)(.
( ...

( +
(
(
(

.
.
- - - - - - ...

.

... - - - -
...
...

.
... =
... =

( +

( +

-
-
-

...
...

... - - -
...

...
...

...
...
...

...

...
...

... =
... =

... =
... - =
.

.
.


.

:

.

.
.
.
)(
)(.

)( =

:
) ( )( = -
)( = -
) = - = (
). = (
) (- )( = +
)( = +
) + (-) = (-
) = + - = (-
)- = (-
( ) ( )( = -

.

.

-
.

( ) ( )( = -

""

""

.
.

.
)( = +
.

.
.

= }{ - -
= }{

+ -

)( = +

)(

+ -

) = (-

) = (-
) = (
) = (

:
( )( = +
( )( =
( )( = -

. = . +

.




.
.

=
= = ()

= .



(

.
.

:
) ( )( = -

:
)( = +
)( = -
)( =

) (- )( = +

:
) ( )( =
)

-
-

) ( )( = -
)

) (- )( = -
)-

) ( )( = +

) ( )( = +

) (- )( = +

)( = +
)( = -
)( = -

)( = +
)( =
)( = -

) ( )( = -

) ( )( = +

.
.

.

) -= (-
.

:
(

.
= .

.
. .

. .

.

.
.

.
.
.

:

{( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) }

{( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) }

.

= .

) (

.
+ . .
+ = .
.
+ =
- + = - .
.
= -

= - .
.

()-
()-
()-
()-

) (
) (
) (
) (-

(
.
+ = . .

= + .

.

.

+
+
+
+

) (
) (
) (
) (

.

= . +
)( -
.
= + .
+ - 
- .
=
:
( = -
( = -

( = +

=-

= +

. = +
.

( ) ( ) ( ) (-)

 ) (

).( ) ( ) (--) (- -

. .

= +


(


. + =
)( )( .

) ( :

= +

= -

= - +

.
+ = )(
)(
.

+ =
)( )(
.

:
= - = - = +
=
= -

= +
= +
= -


= +

. ) (
.

- :

= .

.

= -

.

. )( = +
.
.

.
= -- . +
)(

)(

) ( -

) ( -

:

(

.


.

.


.

) ( ) (
.

.
.

.
=
=

=
.

( .

)
) (

(.

.
.
=

= = .

CC

.
.

- -

-
=
-
= =

+ + +

.
) ( ) .(
.

) ) ( (


.

:
) (--)(
=
=
=

(-) -
(-) -

) (- -) = (
) () = (

) ( )( -
=

-
-

-
=
-
= = -

) ( ) = (
) ( -) = (

( ) ( )(

( ) ( -)(-

( ) (- - )(--

) (- --)(

) ( -) (

) ( -)(-
)-

-

-

. .

) ( )(-

.
.

aiAC

) ( )(
) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( )
)
) ( -) (
) (- -) (

) (--)(-
)-
)-

:



.

.
.

.
. .

.
) ( ) (

.

.

(
.

:
)(.

.

= =

.

.
.
=

= )(

= = .

= .
=

=()

= .

.
(
.
.
.
. = ()

 .
.

.

.
.

=
=
=
=

. .

- =

- - -

-
-

.
.

.

.

.
:
. :

.
.
.

.

.

.
.

= -- = = .-
= = . = .

= -
- = - = -

.
.

= = .

. .

C10-03A_NA_874050

C10-03A_NA_874050
C10-03A_NA_874050

. " "


"
)(-
":

.


=

. .

):(-

.




.

C10-05A_NA_874050

: .
:

.

.
.

() =

) = (

.
:

= + =

=
=
+
.
=

.
=

( ) =
=
=

 :) ( .
)) (-) = ( (= )) (-(+
= -

(


(

( )- (

.
= + =
= .
(
.
.
- .
.
.

- .

= -
=

(-)+

= -

:
( -
(
(

-
-

. .

)(

-) (

)) ) ((

) (-

- -

)) -) ((

-) (-

)-(
-) ( )-

)- )( (
-)

.
.

) (










-




) (





- -




:
.

=
=
.
=

=
=
.

=
=

.
.

= =

.
:

-
=

= - =

.
=

 .

.

(-)-

= -

= = +

(-) = -
-

= = +-

(
(
(




=

= -
=
= =

.
.

_.
=



:
(



(
(


.
= - =
= = .
(



.

(
(

(


-
-
-






PH .
PH .

.

- .

-
- .
:

= -

=
-

.
.

)) ( .

)() () () () () = (
=

++++

).(

) = (

) = = (

.
.

( ) (
( )(

) ( =

).(

) = (

.
.

( 


) ) =() () () () ((

=
= ) (

= =

.
.

)) () = ( = (

). (

) = (

.
=

( ) (

) ( =

)- .(

)- (-) = (

.
= -

( ) (

.
= ) (

.
= ) (

.
= ) (

.
=

( )- (

(
.




( )

( -)

( )

( ))

())

( -)
-)

( ))

( ))

( )




( ))

( )

( ))




( )

( -)
-)

( )




( ))

( ))

( ))

( )




( ))

( ))

-
-

)) (

) (

)) (



)) ) (- (

)--) ( (
-)

.
. ) (
. 

 
.

:-

) (googol .

.

:

= ( ))

-) - = (

:
)) () (.(

:
...

:

) ) ( (
(

..- - - --

) ( )( = - +
)

) (- )( = +
)-

.



.

:
= -- +

= -
( )(

( ) (

( )( -

( )(-

-) (

.
.

))((

( ) ( - )(- ) (-
) -

)] ( [

)-) ( (
-)

( ))

) : = =(

(
(

(
(

.
) (.
(
(
(
(


(

: +
( ) + (
(
( ) + (
( +

(
(
(
(
- = -
(
( -
(
( -
: = +


.

(
(

(
(

- - - - -
-
-
-

.
(
C09-07A-877850.ai
( .
( .
( .

(
(

(
(

= - +

.


.
(
.
( .

) : ) ( ( .



(
(


(
(

. %

.
: ( ) A4


.


www.obeikaneducation.com

:
{ }
{ }

(-) + -
(-) +

(-) -

} { .

.(-) + :

= (-) +

-.

% .

% .

-


).(

.
.

:
.

% =
=

.
.

 :

.
:
: - : : - :
.:-: : :

:

.
.

: -

:
.
.

.





-

: .

.

.

.

-
-
-

:
.

.

(

.
.

) (
) ( . :
= +
.

= = + + + + .
= = + .
% = %

.
(

(


.

.

- :


: -

- -

... - .

%
%
%

.%

:
% : =
:

% = =
% =

% =

% : =
:

% =

% : =

%
.

(



.

%
%

%
%

- -
.

.
: :
: :
: :

.
= + + + + +

:
= :
= :
= :
= :
= :
= :

(


.

.

-
.

(
.

%
%

%
%

-
-
-

%
%

.
.

: -

%


%

.
%

.
.

%
%

:
A B
.
B B2 B5
.B

.

)( .
A A2 A5 .

) (
)( ) (
.

B B2 .B5

. .
- .

A2 .B5

. .
.

.
-

.

.

.
.

.
.
+++++
=
=

= +

= -

(
)( :



.

.

.

+++++

.
= + .
=

.
= .

.

. .

(

.

L100
L150
NX250
NX300
PC150
PC250

.

.

:



( .
( .
( .
( .

= ++++
=

+++
=
=

)(.
.
.

)( )( )( .
( :





( .
( .
( .
( .

 :




:
)( :

:


.


(
(
(
(

:

:
:



.% % % % :
%
.

.
.

.

.

. :

:
. .

" :

".

".
"

.

. .

AVERAGE (A2:All)

MEDIAN (A2:All)

MODE (A2:All)

:-

.
.
.

.
.


.
) (
) ( .

.
.

) ( -
.
.

.

= = -.
.

= +

= +

= +

= = = .

= = . =

(

.

) : ) - ( (
.
) : ) + ( (
.

.
:
=

=
= +
.

(
.

.
= =
=
=
=
= = -

. .

.

(

.

:-
.

.
.
.

.

: -


.
.

.

: -

.
.
.

. -

.

.

 :
(
:

(
:


.

) (
.

.

.

.
(
.



) (
.

.
%
% .
(
.

:

:
:

-
-
-

:



:

.
:

/
/
: .

 :
:

.
.

: .

:

( .

(
.

:


.


.

.

.

:
.

= |

( .

= |

.
. .
.
.
:
(
(
(
.

.

)(

= |

)(

= |

.
= |
= |


.

(
.

(
.

% = |

% = |

-
:

% = |

= |

= |

-
-
-

-
.

)(
)(

)(

)(

= |

)(

= |

.
.

.
:
( .
( .

.
.

.

.

(

.

.

. :
.

-
-

:
.

.
.

.
.

.
:

. .
.

.
:
.
.

:
.

(
(
(
(

:


:-

(
(
.
(
(
.

.
.
.
.

.
) A3 ( :


www.obeikaneducation.com

.
:

% .

% .

% .

).(

. :

= =

).(

% .

=
=
=

.
.
.
.

% .

.



.

:
: .
.

. .

.
( .

: .

.
.

= =
.
(
.

.

:

.

. =

.
) ( =

. %

C09-002C_829633


) ( -.

) (-

:
_
:
_ .

-
-

: .
: .

:
.
.

- :

.

.

.

) ( = )( )(

) ( =

) ( =

) ( = =

.

( ) (.
( ) (.

:

.

.
.

: .

) ( =

) = = (

: .

) =(

.
=

)(.

) ( = )( )(

) ( = )( ) (



.
.

C12-09A_NA_874050

) ( =

) ( =

(
)

= =

:
( ) (.
( ) (.
( ) (.
( ) (.

:
) (.
) .(

.

:


(
(
(

:
) (.
) .(

:
) (
) (
) (

) (

) (
) ( C12-10A_NA_874050

.

.

:

) (
) (

) (

) (
(

) (

%
%

%
%

%

:
%

.
.

. .

.

.
.

) .(-

.

% .%
.

.

.

.

.
.

: .

.
.

.
.
.
:
.

=
.

.%

(
.

.
:

.

=
.
=
=
.

=
.

: -

.



:

:
.

-
. -

.
.

) ( .
%
.

.
.

 :



:








:-

)( )(

:
.

. .

.
.
.

.
.

.
.


.

.
:

.


.
.

.

.

.


.

. .

.

.

%
.


.
.

(
%
.
(
.

.

 .
.

: .
.

.% =
: =
% .
= .

(
. %
.

.
.


.
.

% .
.


.

. :

.
. % .

.

.

.
.

% .

.

.
.

. .
.


.

.
.

.
.

. .

.
.

.
:

(
(
(

.
:
) (.
)
) (

) (

(
)

.
.

:

:
.

.

)(-

-
-
-

( .
( .
(
.
(
.

.
.
%

.
.

. :

(
.

( .

. :

(
(
(
(

(
.
(
.
(
.


(
(

(
(

.
(
.

(
.

(
.

(

.

.
(
.
(

:



.