http://taxation5.blogspot.com/2008/11/vi-history-of-taxation.

html

1571 8 reales 1589 10 reales 1851 12 reales

In 1884, the government instituted the personal -a graduated poll-tax based upon the income of the taxpayer

The government required each province to meet the quota of commodities assigned to it.

The farmers of southern and central Luzon suffered from this form of taxation

An annual subsidy that

came from duties collected on goods from Philippines which were exported in Mexico

 Consejo de Filipinas The Overseas Ministry

The Archives of the Indies

Codification Commission In order:

To maintain spanish consular and diplomatic missions in any parts of Asia To provide pensions and gratuities to orphans and disabled soldiers in Spains wars in the colonies Source: Agoncillo and Guerero

- instituted in 1580 - men between the ages of 16 and 60 were required to render services for 40 days in the labor pool or polo - the laborers were called polistas - 1/4 real a day plus rice to each polista - reform decree of 1884 reduced the number of days required to 15 days

FORCED LABOR

 Conditions - it should be used only for necessary public works and constructions intended to improve the community - workers were to be paid in full for their work - alcaldes mayor should consider the physical

condition of each laborer, that is, the weak should not be overworked - laborers should not be sent to work in distant lands - giving of service should be timed so as not to interfere with the planting or harvest seasons
http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Forced-Labor-and-Tribute-of-

the-Filipinos-During-Spanish-Period&id=5620267

The Filipinos were no better than slaves - no certainty in receiving their daily allowances - made to work beyond conditions - exemption through falla - resulted to white collar job mentality of Filipinos

 Bascos Economic Reforms

- came about during the period of enlightened despotism in Europe (1757-1800) - Governor General Jose Basco y Vargas instituted reforms intended to free the economy from its dependence on Chinese and Mexican trade. - Economic Society of Friends of the Country was established in 1781 - also brought about the establishment of the Tobacco Monopoly 1781-1782

http://www.philippine-history.org/galleon-trade.htm http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/931000/enlightened-despotism http://countrystudies.us/philippines/5.htm http://theurbanhistorian.tumblr.com/post/8628183863/economic-society-of-the-friends-of-the-country-and-the

Tobacco Monopoly - established by Basco in 17811782 and lasted until 1881

- tobacco industry was placed under government control

Advantages - Philippines became self-sufficient - considerable profit to the government - placed large hitherto undeveloped lands under large-scale cultivation Disadvantages - insurmountable economic difficulties to Filipinos - food production declined - government agents abusing their authority - bad habits among Filipino farmers http://www.philippine-history.org/galleon-trade.htm

- Encomienda, from the word~ Encomendar [to entrust] - A revenue getting Hispanic Institution introduced to the Philippines via Mexico - A feudal institution to REWARD deserving generals and conquerors during the Reconquista FEUDAL LORDS = ENCOMIENDEROS - A GRANT TO A MERITORIOUS SPANIARD TO EXERCISE CONTROL OVER A SPECIFIC PLACE INCLUDING ITS INHABITANTS
Teodoro Agoncillo, History of the Filipino People

encomienda (nkmyn`d) [Span. encomendar=to entrust], system of tributory labor established in Spanish America. Developed as a means of securing an adequate and cheap labor supply, the encomienda was first used over the conquered Moors of Spain. Transplanted to the New World, it gave the conquistador control over the native populations by requiring them to pay tribute from their lands, which were "granted" to deserving subjects of the Spanish crown. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Encomienda+sy stem

Purpose of Encomienda:
1. To organize the colony 2. To indoctrinate the natives Teach Catholic doctrines

Kinds of Encomienda
1] Royal or Crown- land reserves for the crown and

included principal towns and ports, like Bagumbayan [Luneta], Malabon, Navotas, Santa Ana

2] Private- were granted to the individuals who were either Kigss Proteges or men who served with merit during Conquest,like, Sampalok, Pandakan, Batangas at Bataan

ENCOMENDERO authorized to collect Tribute of 8 reales yearly in cash or in kind from all 19- 60 years old Filipino Males of Private Encomiendas. > of the total collection went to the encomendero, another portion the priests and the remaining to the government.

Duties of an ENCOMENDERO: > keep peace and order > assist missionaries in teaching Christian gospel to the residents Benefits of an ENCOMENDERO: > impose tribute according to the limit and kind set by the higher authorities

GALLEON TRADE

What IS A GaLLEON TRADE?

*also known : Manila-Acapulco Trade (Spanish: Galeones de Manila-Acapulco (Tagalog: Kalakalang Galyon ng Maynila at Acapulco)

 *Trading between Manila in

Spanish East Indies (present day-Philippines), and Acapulco, New Spain (present-day Mexico). *A trade monopoly of the Spanish government of the importation and exportation of various products in the country that lasted for more than 250 years . (1565-1815) *The only chief source of official as well as individual income in the colony. http://www.philippinehistory.org/galleon-trade.htm

The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade began when Andrs de Urdaneta, sailing in convoy under Miguel Lpez de Legazpi, discovered a return route from Cavite City to Mexico in 1565. a well-known circumnavigator before his stint as an Augustinian priest, the galleons, (one galleon at a time) plied the trans-pacific from the Philippines to Mexico. it would take four months of sailing from Manila (which actually landed first in Cebu) to Acapulco, New Spain (presentday Mexico). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_galle ons

The Manila-Acapulco trade route started in 1568 and Spanish treasure fleets (white) and its eastwards rivals , the Portuguese India Armadas routes of 1498-1640 (blue).

http://oh-wheezers.blogspot.com/2010/10/manila-acapulco-galleon-trade.html#axzz22BrJZ2wL

 *The Galleon trade had funds called Obras

Pias ( pious works foundations which invest their money in trade and devotes the profit to charitable works ) which were donated by rich people for charity. - CLERGY heaviest investor in the galleon trade . *obras pias was controlled by the friars

*Some friars borrowed money from the funds and most often, the money was Never returned.

The Manila Galleon was the single biggest piece of evidence attesting to the importance of the Philippines to Spain then. Manila became a trading and transshipment port for Spain where men and merchandise could be picked up and transported to Acapulco, Mexico. Asian countries such as China, Japan, India, Siam, Moluccas brought their products to Manila to be sold to Spanish traders who exported them to Mexico, where they were sold at high profit. However , in the late 16th century, SPAIN closed the colony to foreign commerce and allowed only 2 countries : CHINA and MEXICO .

RESTRICTIONS imposed by spain (1593) *Galleon traders were allowed only one port of entry in Mexico ACAPULCO ; *Only two ships each year to trade , 1 incoming and another outgoing ; *Galleon traders were allowed no more than P250 000 worth of exports from manila and no more than P500 000 worth of imports from Mexico .

Silver bullion

minted coins

porcelains

*In the book, After the Galleons, Benito Legarda sites that during the galleon trade, 99% of goods arriving the Philippines were Mexican silver headed for China. In those times, a piece of gold in China was equivalent to 6 to 8 pieces of silver, while in Europe, a piece of gold was equivalent to 13 pieces of silver. The chinese could only sell their commodities on a wholesale basisto a government appointed committee , which in turn distributed the commodities to retail merchants in the colony .

*Exports to acapulco consisted mainly of chinese and other Oriental goods brought by the chinese merchants ; only a negligible portion of these exports were truly philippine products. about 90% of bulk of items leaving the Philippines were Chinese origin, and only 10% was sourced from the Philippines such as gold, pearls and plants.

NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE EFFECTS OF GALLEON TRADE

NEGATIVE EFFECTS -The economy of Philippines slowed down -The basic agricultural production were set aside due to the prioritization of its commercial aspect like abaca and tobacco -The Spaniards forgot that it was not only the galleon trade were the source of income of the government -, many people died as since the boat sank a couple of times because of an overload in goods like gold and silver.

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_effects_of_the_Man ila_Galleon_Trade

 *POSITIVE EFFFECTS

-They were able to prolonged the colony of Spain ( for spain ) -It was the main source of income for both the government and the church leadership -It maintained the natural resources of the country -It opened the doors to the westerned countries for the conceptualization and adaptation of the modern technologies -It manifested a cultural exchange for the Filipinos and foreigners -Obras Pias http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_effects_of_t he_Manila_Galleon_Trade

End of the Galleon trade *Revolution in Mexico *Constant attacks by pirates in the Pacific *The galleon trade stopped when Mexico declared independence from Spain *Because it was always raided and sinking, the King of Spain had to abolish the Galleon trade

ROYAL ECONOMIC SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OF THE COUNTRY

principles of enlightenment Pedro Rodriguez de Campomanes : economic development through agriculture and industry.

Governor general Jose Basco y Vargas arrived in 1781 1781 : Real Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais

 Jose Basco y Vargas as president businessmen, inventors, excelled in the sciences, liberal arts and engineering. Self- sufficient , self-reliance cash rewards to plant cash crops

MAGTANIM AY DI BIRO.

Governor general Simon Salazar de Anda encourage the establishment of an economic society little improvement kingdom of Hyder Ali of Mysore Ramon Ysasi and Miguel Antonio Gomez Source: Basques in the Philippines by Marciano R. de Borja

LEGACY
form of socialization

shared issues publicly

ways to improve

agriculture, industry and other fields were discussed in public

Royal Company of the Philippines (Real Compana de Filipinas)

March 10, 1785

King Charles III

Governor General Jose Basco y

Vargas To reorient the entire commercial system of the Philippines Charter: 25 Years Capital Stock: P 8 000 000

The Monopoly of trade between Spain and the Philippines

The exemption from taxes of tobacco shipments

SPAIN

Abolition of the old restrictions prohibiting the exportation of Asian goods to Spain Privilege to use the flag of the Spanish Royal Navy on its vessels Privilege to buy guns and ammunition from government factories

 1792

They began to lose money 1803 Charles IV succeeded Granted additional privileges Charter: Extended by 15 years Capital Stock: P 12 000 000 September 6, 1834 The Company was abolished because of bankruptcy.

REFERENCE: Philippinealmanac.com

 The Ferrocarril de Manila [120 mi. up

Infrastructure, Telecommunications and Public Utilities Development

to Dagupan] The only railway line in the Archipelago Constructed using mainly Filipino Labor and operated regularly before the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in 1896.

Compaia de los Tranvias de Filipinos

Established in Manila, 1885 by Jacobo Zobel Zangroniz

and Adolfo Bayo

 Tranvia de vapor [steam-powered]

Calesa and Carretela

Puente Colgante st Suspension bridge now -1 Quezon Bridge

Thank You for Listening