BY: AFIFAH BT ABDUL RASHID

Electrochemical reaction between a material and its environments Deterioration of material

Applied for corrosion protection Damaged during transportation, construction or operation Therefore coatings and CP are used together as complementary systems

Protecting one metal by connecting it to another metal that is more anodic, according to galvanic series

Impressed Current Sacrificial Anode Systems

Use an outside source of power to drive the current from anodes to the cathode

The surface of the structure is made cathodic by connecting it electrically to a sufficient mass of less noble metal buried or immersed in the common electrolyte Material:

Aluminum

Zinc
Magnesium

Some major types of anode: Slender stand-off Elongated, flush mounted Bracelet

Top: Middle: Bottom:

Slender stand-off Elongated flush-mounted Bracelet

Bracelet Anode
Anode type: Flush bracelet anode Tapered bracelet anode
Connection type: Bolted Welded

Flush Bracelet Anode

th = tapered end thickness Lt = tapered length = tapered angle (30o 45o )

Operating temperature for Al anode < 80oC Operating temperature for Zn anode < 50oC Loss of performance at those temperatures Use of insulation to overcome the problem

Design life Current density Coating breakdown factor

Maintenance & repair of anode is generally very costly and often impractical Normal practice is to apply the same anode design life as for object to be protected

Measure of current density demands to achieve cathodic protection of bare metal surfaces

Ref: PTS 30.10.73.32

Reduction in cathodic current density due to application of an electrically insulating coating

fc = k 1 + k 2tf

Massprovided Massrequired CPR 5 Iaf Icf

Massrequired is used to calculate the mass of anode material using formula given However anode consist of insert material made of steel

Therefore total anode mass need to consider insert materials as well

Massprovided =

Massprovided

Masstotal Massinsert Massrequired

The anode dimension is limited to a certain length to thickness ratio to prevent the potential of the anode material cracking. The crack propensity ratio should be less than 5.

 Icf is protection current demand of protection

object
Iaf is current provided by anode to protect the

cathode Current provided must be greater than current needed