Network Basics

By:
Eng. Islam A. El Saoud

Nov.2007

:Network basics
:Intro network .1
Network basics.
Network Topologies.
.Network Software
Network Cables.
Connecting cables.

Network Implementation: .2
OSI Network model.
Connectivity Devices.
TCP/IP Protocol

BasicsIntro network

-1-

:
:Intro Network

:

printers .
:
.
.
:
.1 . Inter face
.2 Protocol.
.3Printer & file.

:
:LANs

.

:WANs
LANs
.WANs

World
wide web

BasicsIntro network

-2-

:
( :Peer to Peer )
server
.work group
:

)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
)4 (. password
password ).
)5 .

)1: 10 .
)2 .
)3 .
:Server based network

clients

.
server
server .
specialized server
server
( specialized server ) .
:

)1 .WIN Server 2003

)2 .
)3 server .
)4 .
)5 backup .

)1: .
)2 Client .
)3 server .

-3-

BasicsIntro network

Network topologies

Standard network
:Bus topology

. Coaxial cable

Terminator .

:Star topology
)Hub ( ( )Hub
.

( )hub

BasicsIntro network

-4-

:Ring topology

.

:Mesh topology
.
.

Extended network topology

:Star-Bus
( )star&bus
( )hub
( )hubs . bus topology

-5-

BasicsIntro network

: Star Ring
Star-Bus ( )hubs

hub

( )hubs.

hub .
hub .

BasicsIntro network

-6-

Network Components
Network software
Microsoft Network operating system
Home Edition

Client

Server

Win NT Work station

Win NT Server

Win 2000 Millennium

Win 2000 professional

Win 2000 server

Win XP Home Edition

Win XP professional

Win 2003 server

Win 95
Win 98

Microsoft Application:
Client

Server

Operating system

Win XP

Server 2003

Mail server

Outlook

Exchange server

Web server

Internet explorer

Web server (IIS)

Data base

Application Form

SQL 2000\2005

Security

Fire wall

ISA sever 2004

TRANSMISSION
TRANSMISSION

TRANSMISSION

TRANSMISSION

MODE

TYPE

MEDIA

Simplex: one way

communication direction

Uni casting: to someone

Wireless

Half duplex: Tow way but

Broad casting : to all

not in the same time.

people

Full duplex: tow way in

Malti casting: to all people

the same time

& not all People

BasicsIntro network

Cabling systems

-7-

Network Devices
: HUB
, HUB
data
IP Address . MAC Address
HUB data
:
10 PC3 PC8
HUB HUB
PC8 , PC8
Brood cast Type Layer 1
OSI

:Switch
Switch MAC Address MAC Table
Addressing Learning .

20 :

1 20
1
Broacast
1 Mac Address
Table 20
20
.
1 20
... .
BasicsIntro network

-8-

.
:

:Router
Source PacketDestination
IP Address Routing Table
ip layer 3OSI
.Model

-9-

BasicsIntro network

Network Cables
:Coaxial cables



.
Thin net 0.46 180
Think net 1.27 . 500
:Twisted pair

:)UTP( Unshielded Twisted Pair .1
10Base T
8 Pins :
)1 / green
)2 /
)3 /
)4 /
:)STP(Shielded Twisted Pair. .2
( )UTP
.

Port RJ45 8 . Pins

:Fiber optic

.
Core
Cladding .Jacket
BasicsIntro network

- 10 -

:
):For Ward (Straight Thru
:

W Orange
Orange
W Green
Blue
W Bluo
Green
W Brown
Brown

:Roll Over
Pins.
Brown

W Brown

Green

W Bluo
Blue

W Green
Orange
W Orange
:Cross Over
pin 1 3 2 6
Devices :

Crossover

Forward

Forward
Crossover
Rollover
Crossover
- 11 -

BasicsIntro network

OSI Model
TCP/ IP protocol
O.

Layer Name

Application

TCP/IP

Layer

Signal

Network

Protocol

stack

Function

data unit

devices

Name

End user

HTTP

Interface

HTTPS
Telnet

Transform from
6

Presentation

Applicati

ASCII to binary

on
Layer

Software

+ compression

Message

Layer

+encryption

Data

Operating
System

Establish +

Session

FTP
TFTP
DHCP
SNMP
DNS

terminate +

POP3

manage session

RIP

bet sours &

NFS

destination
To segment

Transport

Transport
layer

message in to
small segment

Layer 4
Segment

Switch

to reduce NW

TCP
UDP

traffic
To rout packet
3

Network

Internet

from sours NW

layer

to destination

Data link layer

DLL

Layer
1

Physical

Packet

ICMP
ARP
RARP

Control

Ethernet

Flow

Detect

Frame

Switch

Correct
Electrical &
Mechanical

ATM
ADSL
CRC

Hub
Bits

specification
- 12 -

Router

Network

Error
Interface

IP

BasicsIntro network

NICs
Cables

ADDRESSING
Physical address

logical address

Hardware

Internet address

MAC Address

IP Address

48 bits hexadecimal

32 Bits decimal

24 bits

24 bits

***.***.***.***

Host ID

Network ID+Host ID

Company ID

Subnet mask
Np:

Ex:

Binary = 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

192

Decimal = 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 64 0 16 0 4 0 1

168

11

85

1 Digit = 4 Bits

Class full IP Address

Freest
byte
1: 126
128 :
191
192 :
223
224:
239

Class

Subnet mask

NW ID

Private range

255.0.0.0

1ST

10.X.X.X

255.255.0.0

1ST &2nd

255.255.255.0

1ST &2nd
&3

rd

172.16.X.X
172.31.X.X
192.168.0.X
192.168.255.X

No. of

Binary

cidr

224 2

00000001

/8

216 - 2

10000000

/16

28-2

11000000

/24

No number

11100000

/32

host

1ST &2nd
D

255.255.255.255

&3rd

____________

&4th

Loop back = 127.0.0.1

BasicsIntro network

- 13 -

CLASS LESS IP
Subneting :
192.168.10.0XXXXXXX
192.168.10.00000000

Network Address

192.168.10.00000001
UNICAST Address
192.168.10.011111110
192.168.10.01111111

Broadcast Address

192.268.20.1xxxxxxx
192.168.10.0xxxxxxx
EX:
Assume that you have network address(192.168.33.0) If you want to
subnet this network into 4 subnet's for each network calculate the
following:
1. network address & broadcast & unicast .
2. TCP/IP configuration at machine number 4 in this subnet's (hint
assume that gateway of any network 10th IP available in this
network ).
3. calculate the difference in wasted IP before subneting & after
subneting.
4. Haw mine the PCs of any network.

- 14 -

BasicsIntro network

Network 1:

Network 2:

192.168.33.00xxxxxx

192.168.33.01xxxxxx

192.168.33.0

Network Address

192.168.33.1

192.168.33.64
192.168.33.65

Unicast address
192.168.33.62
192.168.33.63

192.168.33.126
Broadcast address

192.168.33.127

Network 3:

Network 4:

192.168.33.10xxxxxx

192.168.33.11xxxxxx

192.168.33.128

192.168.33.192

192.168.33.129

192.168.33.193

192.168.33.190

192.168.33.254

192.168.33.191

192.168.33.255

TCP\IP

BasicsIntro network

- 15 -

:Command prompt
ping
:
)C:\> ping IP (192.168.10.72
net view
:
C:\> net view
net send
:
C:\> net send IP message
net view //computer_name
OR
net view //ip_address
ipconfig
) (TCP/IP
)(IP Address Gateway Subnet Mask

start.........run......cmd.....ok
shutdown -f -s -m \\ip address -t
sr
tracert
) (Routers
BasicsIntro network

- 16 -

(Router)30
t r a c e r t http://www.yaho.com/
) (Routers
:

- 17 -

BasicsIntro network